Organocatalytic Enantioselective Formal [4 + 2] Cycloaddition of Enones with Cyclic <i>N</i>‑Sulfonylimines and Methylene Chromene for Chiral Spirocyclic Compounds

A highly enantioselective synthesis of spirocycles and bridged rings has been developed through a formal [4 + 2] cycloaddition reaction between enones and <i>N</i>-sulfonylimines. The unprecedented strategy has been realized utilizing <i>N</i>-sulfonylimine as a novel dienophile through enamine–iminium tautomerism of <i>N</i>-sulfonylimine. In addition, a γ,ε-regioselective cycloaddition reaction proceeded by employing methylene chromene species as dienophiles

Additional file 1 of Stable expression of mucin glycoproteins GP40 and GP15 of Cryptosporidium parvum in Toxoplasma gondii

Additional file 1: Table S1. Primers used in this study

One-Pot Solvothermal in Situ Growth of 1D Single-Crystalline NiSe on Ni Foil as Efficient and Stable Transparent Conductive Oxide Free Counter Electrodes for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

One-dimensional single-crystal nanostructural nickel selenides were successfully in situ grown on metal nickel foils by two simple one-step solvothermal methods, which formed NiSe/Ni counter electrodes (CEs) for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The nickel foil acted as the nickel source in the reaction process, a supporting substrate, and an electron transport “speedway”. Electrochemical testing indicated that the top 1D single-crystal NiSe exhibited prominent electrocatalytic activity for I₃^– reduction. Due to the metallic conductivity of Ni substrate and the outstanding electrocatalytic activity of single-crystal NiSe, the DSSC based on a NiSe/Ni CE exhibited higher fill factor (FF) and larger short-circuit current density (<i>J</i>_sc) than the DSSC based on Pt/FTO CE. The corresponding power conversion efficiency (6.75%) outperformed that of the latter (6.18%). Moreover, the NiSe/Ni CEs also showed excellent electrochemical stability in the I^–/I₃^– redox electrolyte. These findings indicated that single-crystal NiSe in situ grown on Ni substrate was a potential candidate to replace Pt/TCO as a cheap and highly efficient counter electrode of DSSC

Perylene Diimide-Based Zwitterion as the Cathode Interlayer for High-Performance Nonfullerene Polymer Solar Cells

Nonfullerene polymer solar cells (PSCs) have earned widespread and intense interest on account of their properties such as tunable energy levels, potential for low-cost production processes, reduced energy losses, and strong light absorption coefficients. Here, a water-/alcohol-soluble zwitterion perylene diimide zwitterion (PDI-z) consisted of sulfobetaine ion as a terminal substituent and PDI as a conjugated core was synthesized. PDI-z was employed as an electron-transport layer (ETL) for nonfullerene PSC devices, obtaining an optimal power conversion efficiency (PCE) above 11.23%. Moreover, nonfullerene PSCs with the PDI-z cathode interlayer displayed an excellent performance on a large scale of interlayer thickness, which was compatible with printing fabrication techniques. Additionally, the PDI-z interlayer presented good ability of modifying high work function metals (for instance, Au, Cu, and Ag) in nonfullerene devices, and the Ag device displayed a PCE of 9.38%. This work provides a good alternative ETL for high-efficiency nonfullerene PSCs