Multidimensional model of estimated resource usage for multimedia NoC QoS

Multiprocessor systems are rapidly entering various high-performance computing segments, like multimedia processing. Instead of an increase in processor clock frequency, the new trend is enabling multiple cores in performing processing, e.g. dual or quadrapule CPUs in one subsystem. In this contribution, we address the problem of modeling the resource requirements of multimedia applications for a distributed computation on a multiprocessor system. This paper shows that the estimation of resource requirements based on input data enables the dynamic activation of tasks and run-time redistribution of application tasks. We also formally specify the optimal selection of the co-executed application with aim to provide the most optimal end-results of such streaming applications within one networks-on-chip (NoC) system. We present a new concept for system optimization which involves the major system parameters and resource usage. Experimental results are based on mapping an arbitrary-shaped MPEG-4 video decoder onto a multiprocessor NoC

Adaptive decoding of MPEG-4 sprites for memory-constrained embedded systems

Background sprite decoding is an essential part of object-based video coding.The composition and rendering of a final scene involves the placing of individual video objects in a predefined way superimposed on the decoded background image. The MPEG-4 standard includes the decoding algorithm for background image decoding, but this algorithm is not suitable for implementation on a memory-constrained platform. In this paper we present a modification of the decoding algorithm that decodes MPEG-4 sequences while fulfilling the requirements of a memory-constrained multiprocessor system with only 17% extra overhead of computation. Our algorithm reduces the memory cost of such decoding with a factor of four. Additionally, our algorithm offers the possibility of high level data parallelism and consequently contributes to an increase of throughput rate

Hybrid compression of video with graphics in DTV communication systems

Advanced broadcast manipulation of TV sequences and enhanced user interfaces for TV systems have resulted in an increased amount of pre- and post-editing of video sequences, where graphical information is inserted. However, in the current broadcasting chain, there are no provisions for enabling an efficient transmission/storage of these mixed video and graphics signals and, at this emerging stage of DTV systems, introducing new standards is not desired. Nevertheless, in the professional video communication chain between content provider and broadcaster and locally, in the DTV receiver, proprietary video-graphics compression schemes can be used to enable more efficient transmission/storage of mixed video and graphics signals. For example, in the DTV receiver case this will lead to a significant memory-cost reduction. To preserve a high overall image quality, the video and graphics data require independent coding systems, matched with their specific visual and statistical properties. We introduce various efficient algorithms that support both the lossless (contour, runlength and arithmetic coding) and the lossy (block predictive coding) compression of graphics data. If the graphics data are a-priori mixed with video and the graphics position is unknown at compression time, an accurate detection mechanism is applied to distinguish the two signals, such that independent coding algorithms can be employed for each data-type. In the DTV memory-reduction scenario, an overall bit-rate control completes the system, ensuring a fixed compression factor of 2-3 per frame without sacrificing the quality of the graphic

Data compression systems for home-use digital video recording

The authors focus on image data compression techniques for digital recording. Image coding for storage equipment covers a large variety of systems because the applications differ considerably in nature. Video coding systems suitable for digital TV and HDTV recording and digital electronic still picture storage are considered. In addition, attention is paid to picture coding for interactive systems, such as the compact-disc interactive system. The relation between the recording system boundary conditions and the applied coding techniques is outlined. The main emphasis is on picture coding techniques for digital consumer recordin

Grain size effect on the switching current in soft ferroelectric lead zirconate titanate

Recently, we reported on the appearance of a double peak in the switching current during the reverse poling. In the present paper, the switching current measurements have been carried out on a soft lead zirconate titanate as a function of grain size. While in small grains only a small single switching peak is observed, large grains, however, showed double peak switching, as commonly observed in this material. The pyroelectric coefficient curves show a consistent trend with the switching curves. This behavior is attributed to non-180° domain switching during the reversed poling case as a result of residual stresses developed during forward poling. ©2007 American Institute of Physic

On the Use of Probe Liquids for Surface Energy Measurements

To assess the surface energy of solids, normally a set of probe liquids comprising polar and apolar compounds is used. Here we survey the surface tension of some frequently used probe liquids as given in the literature, for which a significant scatter appears to be present, and compare them with experimentally determined values. We discuss the influence of the liquid purity as well as the contact angle between the liquid and the Wilhelmy plate, which is commonly used for surface tension measurements. For hygroscopic polar probe liquids such as dimethyl sulfoxide, ethylene glycol, and formamide, water impurities appear to be of limited importance. Similarly, the amount of halogen impurities is of minor importance for diiodomethane and 1-bromonaphthalene, which decompose under the influence of light. Conversely, the influence of the contact angle for liquids that do not fully wet the plate, such as diiodomethane, is large in many cases, rendering a rather accurate determination of the contact angle necessary. Some discrepancies in the literature are indicated, and brief recommendations for future studies using such liquids are given.</p

On the Use of Probe Liquids for Surface Energy Measurements

To assess the surface energy of solids, normally a set of probe liquids comprising polar and apolar compounds is used. Here we survey the surface tension of some frequently used probe liquids as given in the literature, for which a significant scatter appears to be present, and compare them with experimentally determined values. We discuss the influence of the liquid purity as well as the contact angle between the liquid and the Wilhelmy plate, which is commonly used for surface tension measurements. For hygroscopic polar probe liquids such as dimethyl sulfoxide, ethylene glycol, and formamide, water impurities appear to be of limited importance. Similarly, the amount of halogen impurities is of minor importance for diiodomethane and 1-bromonaphthalene, which decompose under the influence of light. Conversely, the influence of the contact angle for liquids that do not fully wet the plate, such as diiodomethane, is large in many cases, rendering a rather accurate determination of the contact angle necessary. Some discrepancies in the literature are indicated, and brief recommendations for future studies using such liquids are given.</p

The scaling dimension of low lying Dirac eigenmodes and of the topological charge density

As a quantitative measure of localization, the inverse participation ratio of low lying Dirac eigenmodes and topological charge density is calculated on quenched lattices over a wide range of lattice spacings and volumes. Since different topological objects (instantons, vortices, monopoles, and artifacts) have different co-dimension, scaling analysis provides information on the amount of each present and their correlation with the localization of low lying eigenmodes.Comment: Lattice2004(topology), Fermilab, June 21 - 26, 2004; 3 pages, 3 figure

Формування теоретичної моделі геополітичного дискурсу у вітчизняній політичній думці кінця ХХ – початку ХХІ століття

У статті висвітлюються питання щодо започаткування новітньої дослідницької традиції геополітичного дискурсу у проблематиці вітчизняної політичної думки ХХ – початку ХХІ століття. Зазначено позиції провідних вітчизняних вчених щодо формування емпіричного та ідейно-теоретичного підґрунтя для утвердження цієї традиції політичного дослідження.The article considers the questions of the becoming of a new research tradition of geopolitical discourse in the topic of native political thought of the 20-th – the beginning of the 21-st century. The views of leading home scientists about the development of empirical, ideological and theoretical basis for the maintenance of this tradition of political research are pointed out