Dispersión del amoníaco proveniente de una granja avícola en Santa Bárbara (Cundinamarca, Colombia) y su valoración cualitativa

Se hizo un análisis de la dispersión del amoníaco proveniente de una granja avícola en la vereda de Santa Bárbara, municipio de Tena (Cundinamarca, Colombia). Se utilizaron cuatro galpones de ambiente no controlado en el que se hicieron mediciones de las concentraciones de amoníaco en el centro de los galpones y cada 250 m siguiendo las orientaciones de acuerdo con las direcciones cardinales (norte, sur, este y oeste). Las mediciones se hicieron durante un ciclo productivo de 50 días, con tres lecturas al día (08:00, 12:00, 18:00). También se hizo una valoración cualitativa de percepciones sociales a las personas que viven en un radio de 1 km de la granja avícola. Se encontró que las emisiones de amoníaco estuvieron relacionadas con el ciclo reproductivo y no con las horas del día. Así mismo, la concentración de amoníaco estuvo relacionada con la temperatura, pero no con la velocidad del viento. La distancia máxima con concentraciones relevantes de amoníaco fue de 361 m, lo cual no representa una amenaza para la población aledaña; sin embargo, la población percibe impactos a la calidad de vida asociados a olores ofensivos provenientes de la granja.An analysis of the dispersion of ammonia from a poultry farm was carried out in the village of Santa Bárbara, municipality of Tena (Cundinamarca, Colombia). Four uncontrolled chicken houses were used in which measurements of ammonia concentrations were made in the centre of the sheds and every 250 m following the orientations according to cardinal directions (north, south, east, west). Measurements were made during a productive cycle of 50 days, with three readings per day (08:00, 12:00, 18:00). A qualitative assessment of social perceptions was also made to people living within a 1 km radius of the poultry farm. It was found that ammonia emissions were related to the reproductive cycle and not to the hours of the day. Also, the concentration of ammonia was related to temperature, but not to wind speed. The maximum distance with relevant concentrations of ammonia was 361 m, which does not represent a threat to the surrounding population; however, the population perceives impacts to the quality of life associated with offensive odours coming from the farm

Indigenous Australian drinking risk : Comparing risk categorisations based on recall of recent drinking occasions to AUDIT-C screening in a representative sample

Introduction Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander (Indigenous) Australians have identified alcohol consumption as an area of concern. Accurate screening tools are required to help detect and assist at-risk drinkers, and to provide accurate data to policy makers. The Finnish method (determining drinking patterns based on the last two to four drinking occasions), has been proposed as a culturally appropriate and effective screening tool for detecting Indigenous Australians at risk from alcohol consumption. While it has been found to be valid and acceptable for use with Indigenous Australians, the Finnish method has not been compared to the three-item Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test—Consumption (AUDIT-C) which is currently recommended by the Australian government for use in Aboriginal community-controlled health services. Methods We compared the performance of the AUDIT-C and Finnish method as screening tools for detecting harms experienced from alcohol in a representative, cross-sectional, sample of Indigenous Australians. Results AUDIT-C was substantially faster for participants to complete than the Finnish method. Metrics derived from both the AUDIT-C and Finnish method were similarly linked to the frequency of self-reported International Classification of Diseases, 11th revision dependence symptoms and harms. Discussion and Conclusions The AUDIT-C is likely most appropriate for use in clinical settings due to its speed and ease of use. The Finnish method provides relatively detailed information about drinking and is better suited to population surveys

Two types of shock in the hotspot of the giant quasar 4C74.26: a high-resolution comparison from Chandra, Gemini & MERLIN

New Chandra observations have resolved the structure of the X-ray luminous southern hotspot in the giant radio quasar 4C74.26 into two distinct features. The nearer one to the nucleus is an extremely luminous peak, extended some 5 kpc perpendicular to the orientation of the jet; 19 kpc projected further away from the central nucleus than this is a fainter X-ray arc having similar symmetry. This arc is co-spatial with near-IR and optical emission imaged with Gemini, and radio emission imaged with MERLIN. The angular separation of the double shock structure (itself ~19 kpc or 10 arcsec in size) from the active nucleus which fuels them of ~550 kpc is a reminder of the challenge of connecting "unidentified" hard X-ray or Fermi sources with their origins.Comment: In press at MNRA

Efficacy, Safety, and Timing of Anticoagulant Thromboprophylaxis for the Prevention of Venous Thromboembolism in Patients With Acute Spinal Cord Injury: A Systematic Review

Study Design: Systematic review. Objectives: The objective of this study was to answer 5 key questions: What is the comparative effectiveness and safety of (1a) anticoagulant thromboprophylaxis compared to no prophylaxis, placebo, or another anticoagulant strategy for preventing deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) after acute spinal cord injury (SCI)? (1b) Mechanical prophylaxis strategies alone or in combination with other strategies for preventing DVT and PE after acute SCI? (1c) Prophylactic inferior vena cava filter insertion alone or in combination with other strategies for preventing DVT and PE after acute SCI? (2) What is the optimal timing to initiate and/or discontinue anticoagulant, mechanical, and/or prophylactic inferior vena cava filter following acute SCI? (3) What is the cost-effectiveness of these treatment options? Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted to identify studies published through February 28, 2015. We sought randomized controlled trials evaluating efficacy and safety of antithrombotic strategies. Strength of evidence was evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) system. Results: Nine studies satisfied inclusion criteria. We found a trend toward lower risk of DVT in patients treated with enoxaparin. There were no significant differences in rates of DVT, PE, bleeding, and mortality between patients treated with different types of low-molecular-weight heparin or between low-molecular-weight heparin and unfractionated heparin. Combined anticoagulant and mechanical prophylaxis initiated within 72 hours of SCI resulted in lower risk of DVT than treatment commenced after 72 hours of injury. Conclusion: Prophylactic treatments can be used to lower the risk of venous thromboembolic events in patients with acute SCI, without significant increase in risk of bleeding and mortality and should be initiated within 72 hours. © 2017, © The Author(s) 2017

Nivel de madurez y grado de satisfacción de las herramientas libres para pruebas funcionales

This work aims to provide information about some free tools to implement functional testing, from the perspective of organizational use as an alternative to other existing. We selected nine tools that were applied principles of selection and assessment oriented to find the level of maturity and degree of satisfaction. The selection process and the metrics applied are described in this literature review to the web.Este trabajo tiene como finalidad proporcionar información acerca de algunas herramientas libres para implementar pruebas funcionales, desde la perspectiva de su utilización organizacional y como una alternativa a otras existentes. Se seleccionaron nueve herramientas a las que se aplicaron principios de selección y valoración orientados a encontrar el nivel de madurez y el grado de satisfacción. El proceso de selección y las métricas aplicadas se describen en este estudio de revisión a la web