Utilização da farinha de arroz na elaboração de sobremesa

Este trabalho teve por objetivo elaborar um produto alimentício similar a “flan” sabor chocolate utilizando como base a farinha de arroz. A matéria-prima utilizada foi cedida por empresa processadora da região e caracterizada quanto a distribuição granulométrica, teores de umidade, proteína, cinzas, gordura, carboidratos, fibras, massa específica, índice de absorção e de solubilidade. Observou-se que a fração de 270 mesh da farinha pré-gelatinizada demonstrou ser a mais adequada para a elaboração do produto, pois apresentou maior homogeneidade e facilidade de preparo. Duas formulações de flan foram submetidas à avaliação sensorial utilizando testes de preferência e aceitação, segundo uma escala hedônica e de atitude de nove pontos, respectivamente. Por meio dessa análise verificou-se que AS formulações não apresentaram diferenças significativas quanto à aceitabilidade e preferência, quando comparadas a um produto comercial similar utilizado como padrão, evidenciando o potencial da farinha de arroz para elaboração de produto alimentício similar a flan. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Arroz, farinha de arroz, flan, sobremesas

TUTORIAL EXCEL PARA PARAMETRIZAÇÃO DE CURVAS ANALÍTICAS

Analytical chemistry uses empirical procedures to determine analytes concentration through instrumental techniques that relate the analytical signal, instrumental response (y) to the analyte concentration (x). The signal measured by the instrument is generally a function of the analyte concentration, which is plotted (y = fx), commonly referred to as analytical curve or standard curve. Linear functions are commonly used for this purpose, thus the linearization of this function is necessary to calculate the concentration of the analyte and, to properly express the result, statistical processing of the experimental data is required. Usually, students of instrumental analytical chemistry courses find it difficult to process and interpret results when using a calibration curve and understand its parameters. In that sense, it is proposed a linear regression tutorial of experimental data for the calculation of all the parameters that characterize an analytical curve, through a procedure using Excel spreadsheet MS Office 2016. A routine of calculations was created using experimental data from the spectrophotometric determination of protein, using the standard BSA and pH meter calibration, but it can be extended to other procedures where the calculation is necessary.A química analítica utiliza procedimentos empíricos para determinar a concentração de analitos mediante técnicas instrumentais. Tais técnicas permitem relacionar a resposta instrumental (y) e o sinal medido no instrumento, que geralmente é função da concentração do analito, representada por (y = fx) que é comumente denominada curva analítica ou curva- padrão. Funções lineares são muito utilizadas para esta finalidade, assim a linearização desta função torna-se necessária para o cálculo da concentração do analito e para expressar corretamente o resultado é necessário um tratamento estatístico dos dados experimentais. Observa-se que os estudantes de disciplinas de química analítica instrumental apresentam dificuldades no tratamento de dados e na interpretação de resultados quando se utiliza uma curva analítica e na compreensão de seus parâmetros. Nesse sentindo, propõe-se um tutorial de regressão linear de dados experimentais para o cálculo de todos os parâmetros que caracterizam uma curva analítica, através de um procedimento utilizando a planilha eletrônica Excel 2016 do MS Office. Criou-se uma rotina de cálculos utilizando dados experimentais da determinação espectrofotométrica de proteína, usando como padrão a albumina de soro bovino (BSA) e da calibração de pHmetro, mas pode ser estendida a outros procedimentos onde o cálculo se faz necessário

PERFIL NUTRICIONAL DE ESTUDANTES DO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL DO MUNICÍPIO DE RIO GRANDE, BRASIL

Objetivo: avaliar o perfil nutricional  de estudantes participantes do Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar (PNAE) da rede municipal em Rio Grande, Brasil.Método: a população alvo foram os estudantes de ensino fundamental. A coleta de dados ocorreu em 2013. Os desfechos do estudo (magreza severa, magreza, normal, sobrepeso e obesidade) foram categorizados utilizando as curvas de crescimento de acordo com a World Health  Organization, para sexo e idade.Resultados: foi verificado um percentual menor que 2% para estudantes com magreza ou magreza severa. A maioria dos estudantes eram eutróficos, sendo 62,3% das meninas e 53,9% dos meninos. Além disso, 36,7% das meninas estavam com excesso de peso e 14,9% com obesidade. Já os meninos, 44,6% estavam com excesso de peso e 26,5% com obesidade.Considerações finais: esses resultados sinalizam a necessidade de um planejamento para execução de políticas públicas visando garantir um bom estado nutricional dos escolares do ensino fundamental

Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London

Measurement of differential cross sections for top quark pair production using the lepton plus jets final state in proton-proton collisions at 13 TeV

National Science Foundation (U.S.

Identification of heavy-flavour jets with the CMS detector in pp collisions at 13 TeV

Many measurements and searches for physics beyond the standard model at the LHC rely on the efficient identification of heavy-flavour jets, i.e. jets originating from bottom or charm quarks. In this paper, the discriminating variables and the algorithms used for heavy-flavour jet identification during the first years of operation of the CMS experiment in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, are presented. Heavy-flavour jet identification algorithms have been improved compared to those used previously at centre-of-mass energies of 7 and 8 TeV. For jets with transverse momenta in the range expected in simulated $\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}$ events, these new developments result in an efficiency of 68% for the correct identification of a b jet for a probability of 1% of misidentifying a light-flavour jet. The improvement in relative efficiency at this misidentification probability is about 15%, compared to previous CMS algorithms. In addition, for the first time algorithms have been developed to identify jets containing two b hadrons in Lorentz-boosted event topologies, as well as to tag c jets. The large data sample recorded in 2016 at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV has also allowed the development of new methods to measure the efficiency and misidentification probability of heavy-flavour jet identification algorithms. The heavy-flavour jet identification efficiency is measured with a precision of a few per cent at moderate jet transverse momenta (between 30 and 300 GeV) and about 5% at the highest jet transverse momenta (between 500 and 1000 GeV)

Particle-flow reconstruction and global event description with the CMS detector

The CMS apparatus was identified, a few years before the start of the LHC operation at CERN, to feature properties well suited to particle-flow (PF) reconstruction: a highly-segmented tracker, a fine-grained electromagnetic calorimeter, a hermetic hadron calorimeter, a strong magnetic field, and an excellent muon spectrometer. A fully-fledged PF reconstruction algorithm tuned to the CMS detector was therefore developed and has been consistently used in physics analyses for the first time at a hadron collider. For each collision, the comprehensive list of final-state particles identified and reconstructed by the algorithm provides a global event description that leads to unprecedented CMS performance for jet and hadronic tau decay reconstruction, missing transverse momentum determination, and electron and muon identification. This approach also allows particles from pileup interactions to be identified and enables efficient pileup mitigation methods. The data collected by CMS at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV show excellent agreement with the simulation and confirm the superior PF performance at least up to an average of 20 pileup interactions

Search for heavy resonances decaying to a top quark and a bottom quark in the lepton+jets final state in proton–proton collisions at 13 TeV

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Evidence for the Higgs boson decay to a bottom quark–antiquark pair

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality