Gene expression down-regulation in CD90+ prostate tumor-associated stromal cells involves potential organ-specific genes

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The prostate stroma is a key mediator of epithelial differentiation and development, and potentially plays a role in the initiation and progression of prostate cancer. The tumor-associated stroma is marked by increased expression of CD90/THY1. Isolation and characterization of these stromal cells could provide valuable insight into the biology of the tumor microenvironment.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Prostate CD90⁺stromal fibromuscular cells from tumor specimens were isolated by cell-sorting and analyzed by DNA microarray. Dataset analysis was used to compare gene expression between histologically normal and tumor-associated stromal cells. For comparison, stromal cells were also isolated and analyzed from the urinary bladder.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The tumor-associated stromal cells were found to have decreased expression of genes involved in smooth muscle differentiation, and those detected in prostate but not bladder. Other differential expression between the stromal cell types included that of the CXC-chemokine genes.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>CD90⁺prostate tumor-associated stromal cells differed from their normal counterpart in expression of multiple genes, some of which are potentially involved in organ development.</p

A transient presence: black visitors and sojourners in Imperial Germany, 1884-1914

The onset of German colonial rule in Africa brought increasing numbers of Black men and women to Germany. Pre-1914 the vast majority of these Africans can best be described as visitors or sojourners and the Black population as a whole was a transient one. This makes recovering their presence in the archival record exceptionally difficult and it is not surprising that the existing historiography almost exclusively focuses on individual biographies of well documented lives. Through utilising a number of newly digitised archival materials, particularly the Hamburg Passenger Lists, this article draws upon a database with information on 1092 individuals from sub-Saharan Africa who spent time in Germany over the period 1884-1914 in order to add considerable bread and depth to our understanding of the Black presence as a whole. It provides increasing empirical detail about the make-up and character of this fluid population - where visitors came from, why they came to Germany, their age on arrival - as well as more accurate detail on the temporal and, to a lesser extent, spatial distribution of visitors

[Filme ta science] Une vidéo qui met le technicien au cœur du sujet

Vidéo primée au concours Syrpa ‘Filme ta science’.Le PIAF et le scanner lidar pour étudier la place de l’arbre dans l’alimentation durable des ruminants dans le contexte climatique auvergnat en 2070

Proposal of a method for long time conservation of Plasmopara halstedii, causal agent of sunflower mildew

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Detecting dormancy dynamics in woody plants by characterizing hydraulic connectivity between stem and bud

International audienc

Reportage sur la résistance au gel dans les vergers 2021 au 20 h de France 2

Reportage sur France 2 co

Quelles perspectives pour la lutte génétique vis-à-vis du mildiou du tournesol ?

Downy mildew of sunflower exists as physiological races which have changed in France following introductions or selection pressure applied by large-scale use of varieties with single major genes giving resistance to the disease. The duration of efficiency of single or pyramided resistance genes, their alternation over different years or use of mixtures of several isogenic forms of a hybrid with different resistance genes, were studied under six irrigated 60m2 net cages which made it possible to obtain disease attack whatever the weather conditions. Studies have been made over 4 years of continuous cropping. The susceptible form of the hybrid showed from 37 to 75% attack, always by race 710, present at the beginning of the study. Monoculture of the two forms of the hybrid each carrying one efficient resistance gene showed no significant attack in years 1 and 2, but then 4-5% attack in year 3 and 15-21% attack in year 4, with the appearance of races new to the trial plots but which have appeared elsewhere in France where varieties with similar resistances are grown. In contrast, there were no significant attacks on the form of the hybrid carrying both efficient resistance genes. In the cage in which different forms of the hybrid were alternated, after 75% attack on the susceptible form, cropping of single resistance genes and then of the pyramided form, always gave less than 2% attack. The cage in which a mixture (25% of each hybrid form) was grown always showed one quarter of the attack in the cage containing the susceptible hybrid, and very little change in virulence. Thus, pyramiding, alternation or mixtures of a few major genes all appear to increase the duration of effective control of downy mildew. Their possible use on a large scale, the difficulties that would be encountered by both breeders and farmers and combination with other possible methods to limit downy mildew attacks are discussed

Protecting Apricot Orchards with Rain Shelters Reduces Twig Blight Damage Caused by Monilinia spp. and Makes It Possible to Reduce Fungicide Use

International audienceBlossom and twig blight, caused by Monilinia spp., is the main disease in apricot trees. In this study, we installed transparent rain shelters in apricot orchards to study their influence on the modification of the microclimate at the level of the tree canopy and on the reduction in moniliosis damage in twigs. Rain shelters significantly reduced the leaf wetness time measured within the foliage compared to the unsheltered trees (a reduction of between 43% and 67%). However, very few differences were observed in the daily averaged air temperature (up to 6%) and daily averaged air relative humidity (up to 1%). In the first experiment, on the apricot variety Bergarouge® (CEP Innovation, Lyon, France), moniliosis damage on twigs in the absence of phytosanitary protection was reduced by up to 62% for the trees provided with rain protection compared to the trees that did not receive rain shelters. A second experiment, involving five apricot tree varieties, made it possible to verify that fungicide protection could be reduced for the trees protected by rain covers, reducing moniliosis damage on twigs compared to full fungicide protection combined without rain protection. Finally, a third experiment comprising two apricot tree varieties has shown that in organic orchards, rain protection provides protection against moniliosis (twig blight) that is equivalent to an organic farming fungicide protection programme based on the use of copper sulphate and calcium polysulphide

Variabilité de l’agressivité de Plasmopara halstedii, étude de sa stabilité en test de laboratoire

Evolution of pathogenicity in Plasmopara halstedii was analysed by successive artificial infections of two strains with different levels of aggressiveness on two sunflower genotypes not carrying major gene resistance but which show different levels of partial resistance. Symptoms, in particular of plant size and sporulation density, confirmed the differences between the two lines observed in the field. The parasite populations studied showed considerable adaptation to infection conditions: the percentage of plants showing severe symptoms increased by 5% at each infection cycle, for both pathogen strains and both sunflower genotypes. These first laboratory results need to be confirmed in the field to judge the possible durability of quantitative resistances which could be introduced in sunflower breeding programmes