Ausländerdiskriminierung durch Außenkontrollen im Arbeitsmarkt? : Fallstudienbefunde – Herausforderungen - Gestaltungsoptionen (Discrimination against foreigners by labour market controls? * Case studies - challanges - arrangement options)

"What do external controls in the German labour market focus on? In the tradition of empirical administration research, we use the example of the labour market control unit in Berlin that focuses on the construction sector (Außendienstprüfgruppe Bau) to investigate what aims are pursued by external labour market controls, where there is scope for decision-making and where this is used. While the legal task of control units demands the detection of various offences, the authors identify as a political aim a priority for the detection of illegal employment of foreign nationals and as an informal aim of control officers the pursuit of employers. Whilst the political aim mainly affects the selection of the construction sites, the informal aim has some influence on the utilisation of scope in decision-making in later stages of work. From the selection practices it becomes clear that workers who are classed as 'foreign' because of looks or language are checked more frequently than people who appear 'German'. The analysis shows that this can be explained more by creaming routines orientated towards success than by prejudice. Finally, the authors reflect whether such selection routines can be considered discriminating in an immigration society. They present for discussion some considerations for avoiding routines in labour market controls that are determined by ethnic factors." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))illegale Beschäftigung - Kontrolle, Ausländer, Diskriminierung, Baugewerbe, Außendienst, Arbeitsämter, Berlin, Bundesrepublik Deutschland

Migration von Kindern und Jugendlichen in der Geschichte der Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Hinweise auf transnationale Mobilität

Dieses Arbeitspapier bietet einen kurzen Überblick über das bundesdeutsche Migrationsgeschehen, mit besonderem Fokus auf Aspekte transnationaler Mobilität bei Minderjährigen. Im Forschungs- und Entwicklungsprojekt TraMiS hat es die Funktion, den migrationspolitischen Hintergrund im zeitlichen Wandel und die aktuelle empirische Bedeutung des Themas zu verdeutlichen. In Ergänzung zum dominanten Narrativ, welches die neuere Migrationsgeschichte vor allem als Geschichte der Einwanderung nach Deutschland erzählt, wird der Blick besonders auf Abwanderung und Mehrfachmigration (Transmigration) gerichtet. Anhand von fünf ausgewählten Migrationspfaden werden Aufnahmebedingungen und Bleibeerwartungen für quantitativ bedeutsame Migrationsgruppen präsentiert (Aussiedler innen, Arbeitsmigrant innen, Unionsbürger innen, Bildungsmigrant innen und Schutzsuchende) und dabei gezeigt, dass im Regelfall nicht von Anfang klar ist, ob Zugewanderte auf Dauer bleiben dürfen und wollen. Zuletzt suchen wir in offiziellen Statistiken und quantitativen Studien nach Hinweisen auf die empirische Relevanz von transnationaler Mobilität bei Kindern und Jugendlichen

Immer nur die zweitbeste Lösung? Protokolle als Dokumentationsmethode für qualitative Interviews

In der methodischen Literatur zu qualitativen Interviews wird als Standardverfahren oft die Aufzeichnung mit einem Aufnahmegerät und anschließende wortgetreue Verschriftlichung (Transkription) empfohlen. Protokolle werden als Mittel der Interviewdokumentation zumeist als zweitbeste Lösung für den Fall dargestellt, dass Mitschnitte nicht möglich sind. Diese Position stellen wir in diesem Beitrag aufgrund theoretischer Überlegungen und empirischer Erfahrungen infrage. Vor- und Nachteile der Dokumentationsformen "Audiomitschnitt + Transkription" und "Notizen + Protokollierung" werden systematisch gegenübergestellt. Anschließend wird anhand von zwei Studien exemplarisch verdeutlicht, dass die Protokollierung die beste Lösung zur Dokumentation der Interviewdaten sein kann. In beiden Studien wurden in Interviews sensible Themen behandelt und die Erhebung grundlegender Informationen über Prozesse und Routinen bezweckt.Grundsätzlich kann Protokollierung angezeigt sein, wenn weniger die Interpretation des Gesagten als vielmehr dessen Intention im Fokus der Forschung ist. Außerdem sollte eine Protokollierung erwogen werden, wenn eine Aufnahme besonders interessante InterviewpartnerInnen von der Teilnahme abhalten oder ein offenes Gespräch verhindern könnte.Mit diesem Beitrag wollen wir zu einer Auseinandersetzung darüber anregen, wann Protokollieren angemessen ist und wie es methodisch angelegt sein sollte.Qualitative interviews should be audio recorded and transcribed word by word. This is what most methodology texts recommend. Taking interview reports as a means of interview documentation is typically described as a second-best solution if audio recording is not possible. In this contribution, we question this position on the basis of theoretical considerations and research experiences.Advantages and disadvantages of "audio recording + transcription" versus "minute-taking + reporting" are systematically compared. Two studies are presented as exemplary cases in which interview reports have been chosen as the most suitable means of interview documentation. In both studies, interviews dealt with sensitive topics and aimed at reconstructing routines and procedures.Generally, reports can be adequate when researchers are less interested in the interpretation of what was exactly said and more interested in what interviewees intended to say. In addition, minute-taking should be considered if audio recording could prevent the participation of particularly interesting interviewees or if it could prevent an open conversation. With this contribution, we aim at stimulating further debate about when interview reports are appropriate and how they should be designed

Labour Market Integration and Public Perceptions of Immigrants: A Comparison between Germany and Spain During the Economic Crisis

In Deutschland und Spanien hatte die Krise ganz unterschiedliche Konsequenzen für den Arbeitsmarkt im Allgemeinen und die zugewanderten Arbeitskräfte im Besonderen. Die Haupterklärung dafür wird ersichtlich, wenn man die Muster des Wirtschaftswachstums vor der Krise betrachtet. In Spanien wurde das stärker ausgeprägte, eher beschäftigungsintensive Wachstum durch einen zuwanderungsbedingten Anstieg des Arbeitskräfteangebots ermöglicht, das durch eine faktisch permissive Zuwanderungspolitik gefördert wurde; in Deutschland hingegen verhinderte eine restriktive Migrationspolitik einen Anstieg des Arbeitskräfteangebots und begünstigte ein eher kapitalintensives Wachstum, das niedrig qualifizierten Einheimischen und insbesondere Zuwanderern die Integration erschwerte. Daher argumentieren wir, dass die institutionellen Rahmenbedingungen des Arbeitsmarktes die jeweiligen Muster förderten. In Spanien waren zugewanderte und jüngere Arbeitskräfte durch ihre wichtige Rolle in der befristeten und der informellen Beschäftigung, den am stärksten von der Krise berührten Arbeitsmarktsegmenten, besonders betroffen.Durch die Wirtschaftskrise sind Teile der Bevölkerung in beiden Ländern skeptischer in Bezug auf Zuwanderung geworden. Allerdings scheint es keinen Zusammenhang zwischen der Schwere der Krise und den öffentlichen Debatten über die Migration zu geben. Auch wenn Spanien von der Krise fraglos stärker getroffen wurde als Deutschland, und die Zuwanderer mehr darunter gelitten haben, scheinen in Deutschland mindestens so heftige öffentliche Debatten über Migrations- und Integrationsthemen geführt zu werden wie in Spanien. Das Erbe vergangener Wanderungsbewegungen und Migrationspolitiken wirkt sich offenbar stärker auf die öffentliche Wahrnehmung der Migration als Gefahr aus als aktuelle wirtschaftliche Faktoren.Since the start of the global economic downturn,GermanyandSpainhave experienced highly-divergent impacts of the crisis on the labour market in general and on immigrant workers in particular. This can be mainly explained by looking at the economic growth patterns prior to the crisis. Spain’s higher, more labour-intensive growth was enabled by growth in the labour supply that was fuelled by immigration and fostered by a de facto permissive immigration policy, while restrictive migration policy prevented growth in labour supply in Germany and encouraged more capital-intensive growth in which both Germans with a low level of skills, and immigrants in particular, found it difficult to integrate. We therefore argue that institutional features of the labour market promoted these patterns. The high level of importance of the temporary and informal labour market segments inSpainwhich were hit hardest by the crisis placed immigrant workers and young workers in a vulnerable position.The economic crisis has made parts of the population more sceptical about immigration in both countries. However, there appear to be no links between the severity of the crisis and public debates on migration. Although Spain was definitely hit harder by the crisis than Germany, and immigrants were affected more severely, public debates on migration and integration issues seem to be at least as fierce in Germany as in Spain. The legacy of past migrations and migration policies exerts a more significant influence on the public perception of migration as a risk than economic factors do

Measurements of fiducial and differential cross sections for Higgs boson production in the diphoton decay channel at s√=8 TeV with ATLAS

Measurements of fiducial and differential cross sections are presented for Higgs boson production in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of s√=8 TeV. The analysis is performed in the H → γγ decay channel using 20.3 fb−1 of data recorded by the ATLAS experiment at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. The signal is extracted using a fit to the diphoton invariant mass spectrum assuming that the width of the resonance is much smaller than the experimental resolution. The signal yields are corrected for the effects of detector inefficiency and resolution. The pp → H → γγ fiducial cross section is measured to be 43.2 ±9.4(stat.) − 2.9 + 3.2 (syst.) ±1.2(lumi)fb for a Higgs boson of mass 125.4GeV decaying to two isolated photons that have transverse momentum greater than 35% and 25% of the diphoton invariant mass and each with absolute pseudorapidity less than 2.37. Four additional fiducial cross sections and two cross-section limits are presented in phase space regions that test the theoretical modelling of different Higgs boson production mechanisms, or are sensitive to physics beyond the Standard Model. Differential cross sections are also presented, as a function of variables related to the diphoton kinematics and the jet activity produced in the Higgs boson events. The observed spectra are statistically limited but broadly in line with the theoretical expectations

Search for squarks and gluinos in events with isolated leptons, jets and missing transverse momentum at s√=8 TeV with the ATLAS detector

The results of a search for supersymmetry in final states containing at least one isolated lepton (electron or muon), jets and large missing transverse momentum with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider are reported. The search is based on proton-proton collision data at a centre-of-mass energy s√=8 TeV collected in 2012, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 20 fb−1. No significant excess above the Standard Model expectation is observed. Limits are set on supersymmetric particle masses for various supersymmetric models. Depending on the model, the search excludes gluino masses up to 1.32 TeV and squark masses up to 840 GeV. Limits are also set on the parameters of a minimal universal extra dimension model, excluding a compactification radius of 1/R c = 950 GeV for a cut-off scale times radius (ΛR c) of approximately 30

Jet energy measurement with the ATLAS detector in proton-proton collisions at root s=7 TeV

The jet energy scale and its systematic uncertainty are determined for jets measured with the ATLAS detector at the LHC in proton-proton collision data at a centre-of-mass energy of √s = 7TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 38 pb-1. Jets are reconstructed with the anti-kt algorithm with distance parameters R=0. 4 or R=0. 6. Jet energy and angle corrections are determined from Monte Carlo simulations to calibrate jets with transverse momenta pT≥20 GeV and pseudorapidities {pipe}η{pipe}<4. 5. The jet energy systematic uncertainty is estimated using the single isolated hadron response measured in situ and in test-beams, exploiting the transverse momentum balance between central and forward jets in events with dijet topologies and studying systematic variations in Monte Carlo simulations. The jet energy uncertainty is less than 2. 5 % in the central calorimeter region ({pipe}η{pipe}<0. 8) for jets with 60≤pT<800 GeV, and is maximally 14 % for pT<30 GeV in the most forward region 3. 2≤{pipe}η{pipe}<4. 5. The jet energy is validated for jet transverse momenta up to 1 TeV to the level of a few percent using several in situ techniques by comparing a well-known reference such as the recoiling photon pT, the sum of the transverse momenta of tracks associated to the jet, or a system of low-pT jets recoiling against a high-pT jet. More sophisticated jet calibration schemes are presented based on calorimeter cell energy density weighting or hadronic properties of jets, aiming for an improved jet energy resolution and a reduced flavour dependence of the jet response. The systematic uncertainty of the jet energy determined from a combination of in situ techniques is consistent with the one derived from single hadron response measurements over a wide kinematic range. The nominal corrections and uncertainties are derived for isolated jets in an inclusive sample of high-pT jets. Special cases such as event topologies with close-by jets, or selections of samples with an enhanced content of jets originating from light quarks, heavy quarks or gluons are also discussed and the corresponding uncertainties are determined. © 2013 CERN for the benefit of the ATLAS collaboration

Measurement of the inclusive and dijet cross-sections of b-jets in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector

The inclusive and dijet production cross-sections have been measured for jets containing b-hadrons (b-jets) in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of sqrt(s) = 7 TeV, using the ATLAS detector at the LHC. The measurements use data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 34 pb^-1. The b-jets are identified using either a lifetime-based method, where secondary decay vertices of b-hadrons in jets are reconstructed using information from the tracking detectors, or a muon-based method where the presence of a muon is used to identify semileptonic decays of b-hadrons inside jets. The inclusive b-jet cross-section is measured as a function of transverse momentum in the range 20 < pT < 400 GeV and rapidity in the range |y| < 2.1. The bbbar-dijet cross-section is measured as a function of the dijet invariant mass in the range 110 < m_jj < 760 GeV, the azimuthal angle difference between the two jets and the angular variable chi in two dijet mass regions. The results are compared with next-to-leading-order QCD predictions. Good agreement is observed between the measured cross-sections and the predictions obtained using POWHEG + Pythia. MC@NLO + Herwig shows good agreement with the measured bbbar-dijet cross-section. However, it does not reproduce the measured inclusive cross-section well, particularly for central b-jets with large transverse momenta.Comment: 10 pages plus author list (21 pages total), 8 figures, 1 table, final version published in European Physical Journal

Evidence for the Higgs-boson Yukawa coupling to tau leptons with the ATLAS detector

Results of a search for H → τ τ decays are presented, based on the full set of proton-proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS experiment at the LHC during 2011 and 2012. The data correspond to integrated luminosities of 4.5 fb−1 and 20.3 fb−1 at centre-of-mass energies of √s = 7 TeV and √s = 8 TeV respectively. All combinations of leptonic (τ → `νν¯ with ` = e, µ) and hadronic (τ → hadrons ν) tau decays are considered. An excess of events over the expected background from other Standard Model processes is found with an observed (expected) significance of 4.5 (3.4) standard deviations. This excess provides evidence for the direct coupling of the recently discovered Higgs boson to fermions. The measured signal strength, normalised to the Standard Model expectation, of µ = 1.43 +0.43 −0.37 is consistent with the predicted Yukawa coupling strength in the Standard Model

Observation of associated near-side and away-side long-range correlations in √sNN=5.02 TeV proton-lead collisions with the ATLAS detector

Two-particle correlations in relative azimuthal angle (Δϕ) and pseudorapidity (Δη) are measured in √sNN=5.02  TeV p+Pb collisions using the ATLAS detector at the LHC. The measurements are performed using approximately 1  μb-1 of data as a function of transverse momentum (pT) and the transverse energy (ΣETPb) summed over 3.1<η<4.9 in the direction of the Pb beam. The correlation function, constructed from charged particles, exhibits a long-range (2<|Δη|<5) “near-side” (Δϕ∼0) correlation that grows rapidly with increasing ΣETPb. A long-range “away-side” (Δϕ∼π) correlation, obtained by subtracting the expected contributions from recoiling dijets and other sources estimated using events with small ΣETPb, is found to match the near-side correlation in magnitude, shape (in Δη and Δϕ) and ΣETPb dependence. The resultant Δϕ correlation is approximately symmetric about π/2, and is consistent with a dominant cos⁡2Δϕ modulation for all ΣETPb ranges and particle pT