245 research outputs found
ORALNO ZDRAVLJE U ANTIÄKIH STANOVNIKA VINKOVACA ā CIBALA U HRVATSKOJ (3.ā5. STOLJEÄE)
Roman city Cibalae (Vinkovci) ā the birthplace of Roman emperors Valentinian I and Valens was a very well developed urban ares in the late antique what was evidenced by numerous archaeological findings. The aim of this paper is to get insight in dental health of antique population of Cibalae. One hundred individuals with 2041 teeth dated to 3rd ā 5th century AD have been analyzed for caries, antemortem tooth loss, periapical diseases and tooth wear. Prevalence of antemortem tooth loss was 4.3% in males, 5.2% in females. Prevalence of caries per tooth was 8.4% in males, 7.0% in females. Compared to other Croatian antique sites, ancient inhabitants of Roman Cibalae had rather good dental health with low caries prevalence and no gender differences. Statistically significant difference was found between males in females in the prevalence of periapical lesions and degree of tooth wear. Periapical lesions were found only in males.Rimsko naselje Cibale (Vinkovci) ā rodno mjesto rimskih careva Valentinijana I. i njegova brata Valena ā bilo je veoma razvijeno urbano srediÅ”te u kasnoantiÄkom razdoblju, Å”to je potvrÄeno brojnim arheoloÅ”kim nalazima. Svrha je ovog rada steÄi uvid u oralno zdravlje antiÄkih stanovnika Cibala i dobivene podatke usporediti s drugim hrvatskim antiÄkim lokalitetima. Pregledano je 100 osoba s 2041 zubom koji su datirani u razdoblje 3. do 5. stoljeÄe prije Krista. Analizirani su zubni karijes, prijesmrtni gubitak zuba, periapikalne bolesti i troÅ”enje zuba. Prevalencija prijesmrtnog gubitka zuba bila je 4,3% u muÅ”karaca i 5,2% u žena. Prevalencija karijesa po zubu bila je 8,4% u muÅ”karaca i 7,0% u žena. U usporedbi s drugim hrvatskim antiÄkim lokalitetima, drevni stanovnici rimskih Cibala imali su relativno dobro oralno zdravlje s niskom uÄestalosti karijesa i bez spolnih razlika. StatistiÄki znaÄajna razlika izmeÄu muÅ”karaca i žena pronaÄena je u prevalenciji periapikalnih lezija i stupnja potroÅ”enosti zuba. Periapikalne lezije pronaÄene su samo u muÅ”karaca
CONCUSSION DIAGNOSIS FROM A FORENSIC POINT OF VIEW
CILJEVI ISTRAŽIVANJA: Primarni cilj ovog istraživanja jest odrediti ukupan udio medicinske dokumentacije pacijenata kojima je dijagnosticiran potres mozga koja se ne može prihvatiti od strane sudskomedicinskog struÄnjaka te prezentirati glavne probleme koji se javljaju kod vjeÅ”taÄenja ovih dijagnoza. Sekundarni cilj istraživanja jest odrediti epidemiologiju ozljede potresa mozga u gradu Splitu za 2017. godinu.
ISPITANICI I METODE: Provedena je retrospektivna studija pregledom otpusnih pisama pacijenata za razdoblje od 01.01.2017. do 31.12.2017. godine na Hitnom kirurÅ”kom prijemu KBC-a Split. Prezentirani uzorak je promatran s obzirom na vrijeme proteklo od nastupa ozljede do prvog pregleda pacijenta, simptome kojima se pacijent prezentira te odgovarajuÄu potvrdu i opis istih od strane lijeÄnika, odstupanja u opÄem statusu pri pregledu pacijenta, odstupanja u neuroloÅ”kom statusu, rezultat Glasgovske ljestvice kome te s obzirom na nalaze dodatnih uÄinjenih dijagnostiÄkih pretraga, s naglaskom na kompjutoriziranoj tomografiji. U medicinskoj dokumentaciji svakog pojedinog pacijenta analizirani su koriÅ”teni dijagnostiÄki kriteriji te kritiÄnost i objektivnost lijeÄnika pri postavljanju dijagnoze potresa mozga. Postavljena je nulta hipoteza koja glasi: Ukupno 95% nalaza je po sudskomedicinskim kriterijima ispravno napisano. Preostalih 5% nalaza ne može biti prihvaÄeno pri vjeÅ”taÄenju, Å”to je posljedica vanjskih i unutarnjih faktora koji se pripisuju sluÄajnoj ljudskoj pogreÅ”ci. Svakom su pacijentu takoÄer analizirane i sljedeÄe karakteristike: kronoloÅ”ka dob u godinama, spol, mehanizam nastanka ozljede potresa mozga, pridružene ozljede, preporuÄena hospitalizacija i ordinirana terapija. Ovi podaci su potom usporeÄeni sa svjetskom literaturom kako bi se utvrdile eventualne razlike u epidemiologiji.
REZULTATI: Ukupan broj nalaza koji mogu biti prihvaÄeni pri vjeÅ”taÄenju bio je 37, Å”to je statistiÄki znaÄajan rezultat (p<0,05) koji govori da pogreÅ”ke pronaÄene pri pregledu medicinske dokumentacije nisu posljedica sluÄajnosti. NajveÄi broj ispitanika spada u dobnu kategoriju radno sposobne populacije od 18-64 godine. PronaÄeno je da su muÅ”karci pod veÄim rizikom od žena za nastanak ozljede potresa mozga, pri Äemu su u obe skupine najÄeÅ”Äi uzroci bili padovi i prometne nezgode. Ovi podaci su u skladu sa podacima iz svjetske literature. S obzirom na ukupan broj preporuÄenih hospitalizacija, preporuka lijeÄnika za hospitalizaciju pacijenata kod kojih je jedina indikacija potres mozga pronaÄena je u 17 sluÄajeva.
ZAKLJUÄCI: Literatura bi uvelike beneficirala uvoÄenjem klasifikacijskog sustava ozljede potresa mozga. Do tada, kritiÄnost i objektivnost lijeÄnika pri susretu s ovim pacijentima kao i praÄenje suvremenih pravnih i medicinskih smjernica predstavljaju jedini naÄin ispravnog dijagnosticiranja blage traumatske moždane ozljede. Stoga se dodatna edukacija lijeÄniÄkog osoblja postavlja kao imperativ.OBJECTIVES: The primary goal of this study is to determine how much medical documentation of the patients diagnosed with concussion cannot be accepted by a forensic expert and to present the main problems that occur when expertising this diagnosis. The secondary goal is to determine the epidemiology of concussion in the city of Split for the year of 2017.
PATIENTS AND METHODS: This retrospective study was conducted by examining the leave letters of year 2017 in the Emergency Surgical Unit of the University Hospital of Split. Observed components of the presented sample were: time that had passed between the event and the first examination of the patient, symptoms which the patients were presenting (including their adequate confirmation and description by a doctor), deviations in somatic and neurological status of the patients, the result of GCS and the results of additional diagnostic tools with the emphasis on the CT. The used diagnostic criteria and the criticality and objectivity of the medical doctors were analysed in the medical documentation of every patient. Null hypothesis was set: 95% of the observed medical documentation of the patients is acceptable by a forensic expert, while the remaining 5% isn't; this is the consequence of external and internal factors attributed to standard accidental human error. The following characteristics were also analysed for every patient: sex and chronological age, the mechanism of concussion, associated injuries, recommended hospitalisation and recommended therapy. The acquired data was then compared with world literature in order to determine the differences in epidemiology.
RESULTS: The total number of medical documentation accepted when expertising this diagnosis was 37, which represents a statistically significant result (p<0,05) and leads to a conclusion that the errors found were not accidental. The majority of the respondents fall to the group of work-capable population aged 18 to 64 years. It was found that men have greater risk for concussion than women, whereby in both sexes the most common cause of concussion were falls and traffic accidents. This data is in unison with the world literature data. Considering the total number of recommended hospitalisations, that in which the only indication is an injury of the patient resulting in concussion was found in 17 cases.
CONCLUSIONS: Introducing and implementing a viable classification system for concussion would greatly benefit the existing literature. Until then, criticality and objectivity of medical doctors and following the modern legal and medical guidelines when meeting with these patients represent the only way of diagnosing concussion accurately. That is why additional education of the medical personnel is set as an imperativ
POUKE KINESKOG EKONOMSKOG MODELA : ZavrŔni rad
Kina je do 1911. g. bila pod upravom dinastije Qing. Ekonomska politika naginjala je kapitalizmu, ali uz znatne povlastice dane strancima (Japancima, Francuzima, Britancima, Rusima itd.) zbog izrazito slabe meÄunarodne pozicije Kine. Neprestano slabljenje kineske moÄi od Mira u Nanjingu 1842. g. (kraj Prvog opijumskog rata) i nazadnost njihove vojne tehnologije znaÄilo je samo jedno: narod Äe dinastiju eventualno istjerati zbog neuspjeÅ”nih reformi i nedovoljne volje za modernizacijom i istjerivanjem stranih utjecaja.
PokuÅ”aj zbacivanja dinastije Qing dogodio se viÅ”e puta, ali 1911. g. Xinhai revolucijom dinastiji je zadan konaÄni udarac. Period nestabilnosti i graÄanskog rata trajao je sve do 1928. g. kada prva kineska politiÄka stranka (Kuomintang), voÄena Äang-Kaj Å ekom ujedinjuje Kinu i stvara centralnu vlast. Nakon prepiranja s KomunistiÄkom strankom Kine, s kojom je Kuomintang bio u koaliciji dolazi do Äistki komunista i Kineskog graÄanskog rata. KPK 1949. g. uspjeÅ”no zauzima vlast i proglaÅ”ava Narodnu Republiku Kinu. Kuomintang bježi na Tajvan (priznat kao legitimna Kina do 1971. g.). Mao-Ce Tung, voÄa KPK želi reformirati kinesku ekonomiju kako bi bila bliže komunistiÄkim idealima, provodi agrarnu reformu i kolektivizaciju. KomunistiÄke reforme doživjele su vrhunac u Velikom koraku naprijed krajem pedesetih godina koje su zbog slabe koordinacije i loÅ”e isplaniranosti rezultirale smrÄu Äak 5 % kineskog stanovniÅ”tva.
Nakon daljnjih radikalnih Maovih ideja i raznih politiÄkih progona koji su ostavili za sobom mnoge mrtve nastaje snažna želja u partiji za politiÄkom i ekonomskom liberalizacijom. Nakon Maove smrti 1976. g. to postaje moguÄe. 1978. g. provode se prve kapitalistiÄke reforme u kojima je seljacima, a kasnije i tvrtkama, dopuÅ”teno da zadrže dio proizvoda kojeg mogu prodati po kapitalistiÄkim principima. Uslijedile su dodatne reforme osamdesetih koje su poveÄale autonomiju direktora tvrtki, a devedesetih je provedena sustavna privatizacija raznih industrija koja traje i do danas. Kao posljedica ovih reformi, Kina je doživjela velik uzlet u svojoj gospodarskoj i politiÄkoj moÄi i danas je postala supersila, jedna od rijetkih koja se može pohvaliti da u svijetu konkurira SAD-u. PoveÄanje stranih investicija, trgovine, životnog standarda samo su neke od posljedica kineske gospodarske liberalizacije. PokuÅ”aj ostvarivanja Å”to veÄe ukljuÄenosti u svjetsku trgovinu najvidljiviji je u nedavno zapoÄetoj incijativi Pojas i put koja nastoji gospodarski integrirati cijeli svijet.Until 1911 Qing dynasty ruled over China. The economic policy during this time was somewhat capitalistic, but because of weak Chinese international position many economic privileges have been given to foreign powers (United Kingdom, Russian Empire, the Japanese, the French...). Constant weakening of the Chinese state since the Treaty of Nanjing (1842, end of the First Opium War) led to unrest and eventually to the dynasty's downfall. Inability to modernise the country and remove foreign influence was the main cause of their removal from power.
Although there have been quite a few attempts at removing the Qing dynasty, the first successful one was in 1911 during the Xinhai Revolution. Period of instability, unrest and civil war ensued and lasted until 1928 when the first Chinese political party, Kuomintang, led by Chiang Kai-shek, established a central government. After many failed discussions with the Chinese Communist Party, which was in a coalition with Kuomintang, Chiang Kai-shek started purging communists and so began the Chinese Civil War. 1949 marked the end of the war, with communists proclaiming the People's Republic of China and Kuomintang fleeing to Taiwan (which was considered the legitimate China until 1971). Mao Zedong, the new leader, wanted to reform China to become a role model for other communist states. He carried out agrarian reforms and collectivization. The reforms came to a climactic disaster when Mao Zedong started the Great Leap Forward in 1958. As a result of badly coordinated policies five per cent of the Chinese population perished.
After further radical Maoist reforms and tough political persecution which left many dead a strong demand for political and economic liberalisation emerged in the party. After Mao's death in 1976 this became possible. In 1978 first capitalist reforms were being introduced in which peasants, and later firms, were allowed to hold onto some of the produce to sell on their own accord without government interference. Numerous other reforms ensued in the eighties where executives' powers were expanded and role of the central government reduced. During the nineties many firms and industries were privatized, a process which continues today. As a result of these reforms, China experienced a great step forward in their political and economic power and became a superpower, one of the only countries which can claim to rival the US. Foreign direct investment, standard of living and trade are some areas of economy which saw significant increases. The attempts made by the Chinese to increase their role in global trade are best seen in the recent Belt and Road Initiative which seeks to economically integrate the whole world
KLINIÄKO LABORATORIJSKE KORELACIJE I KOMUNIKACIJSKO DIJAGNOSTIÄKI PROCES
Clinical-laboratory correlations are the most important part of everyday practice in the era of modern clinical medicine. It is based on the successful functioning of the patient-physician (clinician)-laboratory triangle. Laboratory or other diagnostic tests do not define specific clinical entity or disease; however, they are very useful to make decision related to complicated diagnostic procedures and therapies. Each clinical diagnostic process begins with medical history and physical examination where the doctor uses professional and communication skills. This is followed by setting of the working diagnosis and differential diagnosis. Finally, laboratory tests should help in successful diagnosis and treatment. Daily communication between clinicians and laboratory professionals is very important, and teamwork guidelines are based on modern technological achievements, which is the main postulate for effective diagnostic procedures and treatment. Translational medicine has been developed rapidly in the past ten years, representing a two-way communication between basic science and clinical practice. Discovery of biomarkers and different new molecular pathways in the pathogenesis of disease has enabled early detection of disease when it could not be detected by other standard diagnostic methods. This should lead to more successful diagnosis and treatment.U modernoj medicini kliniÄko laboratorijske korelacije dio su svakodnevne prakse i temelje se na uspjeÅ”nom funkcioniranju trokuta bolesnikālijeÄnikā laboratorij. Laboratorijsko-dijagnostiÄke pretrage ne definiraju pojedini kliniÄki entitet, ali pomažu kliniÄaru u donoÅ”enju daljnjih složenijih dijagnostiÄkih procedura i terapijskih odluka. Svaki kliniÄko-dijagnostiÄki proces zapoÄinje anamnezom i fizikalnim pregledom gdje se lijeÄnik koristi struÄnim i komunikacijskim vjeÅ”tinama. Nakon stvaranja radne dijagnoze i diferencijalnih dijagnoza odabiru se laboratorijske pretrage koje trebaju pomoÄi u Å”to bržem i uspjeÅ”nijem dijagnosticiranju bolesnikovog problema ā bolesti. Svakodnevna komunikacija kliniÄara i laboratorijskih struÄnjaka, donoÅ”enje smjernica timskim radom utemeljenih na suvremenim tehnoloÅ”kim dostignuÄima preduvjet su uspjeÅ”nog dijagnostiÄkog procesa i lijeÄenja. Translacijska medicina se razvija zadnjih desetak godina i predstavlja dvosmjernu komunikaciju izmeÄu baziÄnih znanosti i kliniÄkih struka. OtkriÄe biomarkera i molekularnih puteva u nastanku bolesti omoguÄava ranije otkrivanje bolesti kada se ne može otkriti standardnim metodama. To bi trebalo pripomoÄi u uspjeÅ”nijem dijagnosticiranju bolesti i lijeÄenju oboljelih
Leksik i onomastika
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Naming the World. From Common Nouns to Proper Names.
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ur. Dunja BrozoviÄ RonÄeviÄ ā Enzo Caffarelli, Rim 2005.
Imenovanje svijeta. Od opÄih imenica do vlastitih imena
Zbornik radova meÄunarodnog simpozija, Zadar, 1. ā 4. rujna 2004
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