ПРОБЛЕМЫ, СВЯЗАННЫЕ С ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕМ НЕОБХОДИМОГО КОЛИЧЕСТВА ТОПЛИВА ПРИ ПЛАНИРОВАНИИ ПОЛЕТОВ ПО СТАНДАРТНЫМ ТРАЕКТОРИЯМ ПРИБЫТИЯ (STAR), КОТОРЫЕ ИМЕЮТ УЧАСТКИ ДЛЯ ЗАДЕРЖКИ ВОЗДУШНЫХ СУДОВ

The article deals with the fuel planning problems for flights planned via standard arrival routes (STAR), with delay legs. Implementation of new standard arrival routes based on area navigation principles leads to increasing airspace capacity and reducing workload for both flight crews and air traffic controllers. More and more air navigation service providers implement modern STARs which include delay legs as their components. Delay legs are being used as modern alternative to delay actions performed with short time holding patterns or radar vectoring procedures. But, new STAR types’ implementation without changing fuel planning procedures has led to fuel consumption increase. The nature of problem is shown in the article with reference to recently designed, published and implemented Pulkovo airport new standard arrival routes with delay legs. The calculations made with the use of automated flight planning systems and shown extra fuel consumption are given. Contributing negative factors are described. Suggested methods of solving the problems allow avoiding extra fuel consumption and reducing pollution. The procedure for using the new approach to planning and performing flight via STARs with delay legs is described. Implementation of the new approach in arrival trajectory design, flight planning and flight performance via standard arrival routes with delay legs is actual for the existing arrival routes and the routes being projected.В статье дано описание проблем, связанных с определением необходимого количества топлива при планировании полетов по стандартным траекториям прибытия (STAR), имеющим участки для задержки воздушных судов. Новые маршруты прибытия, основанные на применении зональной навигации, позволили увеличить пропускную способность воздушного пространства, снизить загруженность диспетчеров УВД и экипажей воздушных судов. Все большее количество провайдеров аэронавигационного обслуживания внедряет современные траектории прибытия, составной частью которых являются участки для задержки воздушных судов. Участки для задержки воздушных судов используются как современная альтернатива краткосрочным зонам ожидания и векторению с целью задержки воздушного судна. Однако внедрение новых видов стандартных траекторий прибытия, без изменения подходов к планированию полетов по ним, привело к росту расхода авиационного топлива. В статье раскрывается суть проблемы планирования полета по новым видам траекторий прибытия на примере недавно спроектированных, опубликованных и введенных в эксплуатацию стандартных траекторий прибытия аэропорта Пулково, включающих участки для задержки воздушных судов. Приводятся расчеты с применением автоматизированных систем планирования полета, показывающие объем дополнительного расхода топлива. Описываются сопутствующие негативные факторы. Предлагаются методы решения проблем, позволяющие избежать роста расхода топлива и неблагоприятных выбросов в атмосферу. Описывается порядок использования нового подхода к планированию и выполнению полета по стандартным траекториям прибытия, имеющим участки для задержки воздушных судов. Внедрение нового подхода к проектированию, планированию и выполнению полетов по стандартным траекториям прибытия, имеющим участки для задержки воздушных судов, актуально для существующих и проектируемых траекторий прибытия

FUEL PLANNING PROBLEMS FOR FLIGHTS, PLANNED VIA STANDARD ARRIVAL ROUTES (STAR) WITH DELAY LEGS

The article deals with the fuel planning problems for flights planned via standard arrival routes (STAR), with delay legs. Implementation of new standard arrival routes based on area navigation principles leads to increasing airspace capacity and reducing workload for both flight crews and air traffic controllers. More and more air navigation service providers implement modern STARs which include delay legs as their components. Delay legs are being used as modern alternative to delay actions performed with short time holding patterns or radar vectoring procedures. But, new STAR types’ implementation without changing fuel planning procedures has led to fuel consumption increase. The nature of problem is shown in the article with reference to recently designed, published and implemented Pulkovo airport new standard arrival routes with delay legs. The calculations made with the use of automated flight planning systems and shown extra fuel consumption are given. Contributing negative factors are described. Suggested methods of solving the problems allow avoiding extra fuel consumption and reducing pollution. The procedure for using the new approach to planning and performing flight via STARs with delay legs is described. Implementation of the new approach in arrival trajectory design, flight planning and flight performance via standard arrival routes with delay legs is actual for the existing arrival routes and the routes being projected

METHODOLOGY FOR STUDYING THE BIOMEDICAL, SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE MENTALLY ILL RURAL AND URBAN AREAS (FOR EXAMPLE, PATIENTS WITH NEUROTIC AND SOMATOFORM DISORDERS)

The article presents a map developed by the authors of clinical and social survey of mentally ill in integrated assessment of their quality of life. The card has 52 questions, and depending on their content is driven by 2 to 22 provided responses Double graduation: to disease and during illness. All questions are systematized and grouped into specialized units: biomedical, social, demographic, professional production, logistical and economic characteristics. After statistical analysis of completed cards will identify or supplement the leading causes that contribute to mental illness, and contributing factors affecting the progression of them

Clinicostatistical approaches studying the quality of life in patients with neurotic and somatoform disorders in rural and urban areas

The article presents the clinical- differentiated criteria for selection of patients with borderline mental disorders related to the diagnostic category of ICD-10 F4 «Neurotic and somatoform disorders» for targeted comprehensive study of the quality of their lives based on nosology. Statistically represented diagnostic group in an amount of 402 's of patients in both absolute and percentages with regard to their place of residence and sex : rural - 143 (35,6%), including 43 men (30,1%), 100 women (69,9%), urban patients - 259 (64,4%), including men - 71 (27,4%), women - 188 (72,6%). Presented sample of patients with borderline mental disorders will be subject to the system analysis to identify demographic and health, socio-economic, professional production, and other factors that adversely affect the quality of life, with the development of recommendations to address them