The Complexities of Home Cooking: Public Feasts and Private Meals Inside the Çatalhöyük House

Feasting is a generally a ritualized activity, and faunal and artistic evidence from Neolithic Çatalhöyük in central Anatolia support the symbolic importance and memorialization of feast animals. Such memorialization is placed within private homes, in the same general household context as quotidian consumption and food stores. Both daily meals and feasting were thus constant presences within the household, suggesting that both were key components of household identity. However, the two phenomena were kept largely spatially segregated within the household. Feasting memorabilia were strategically placed to advertise particular identities to others, perhaps as claims of power or prestige. In contrast, quotidian food stores were not advertised, but kept concealed in visually inaccessible private storerooms, suggesting that domestic goods were deliberately kept from interhousehold comparison or competition. The Çatalhöyük evidence thus suggests that in the Central Anatolian Neolithic, daily meals and ritualized feasting played different—but both fundamental, and arguably complementary—roles in specifically household identities. Both also take the broader community into account in terms of their household uses and placements, but in opposite ways

The crystal structures of some coordination compounds of beryllium and indium

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Relay ladder logic and petri nets for discrete event control design : a comparative study

In the 1960\u27s and earlier discrete event systems (DES) were controlled by hardwired electromechanical relay systems. In 1969 an electronic programmable logic controller (PLC) was introduced. PLC\u27s have been programmed utilizing relay ladder logic (RLL). RLL is a graphical programming language with software devices used to emulate electromechanical devices. RLL programs, however, often become large and difficult to understand because its graphical representation of physical switching devices obscures the discrete event dynamics inherent in the process to be controlled. Petri nets are a methodology for modeling discrete event systems (DES). Using a Petri net based controller, a control strategy could be developed that captures the discrete event dynamics of the process. This should result in a control strategy that is much easier to understand, troubleshoot, modify and evaluate

EXAMINING SEXUAL SATISFACTION AND PRETENDING ORGASM

An article in popular women’s magazine, Cosmopolitan, recently revealed a startling admission from its readers: 86% of respondents reported pretending orgasm during intercourse with a partner (Kylstra, 2011). Despite its apparent frequency, there is yet to be a study conducted investigating the relationship between pretending orgasm and overall sexual satisfaction (Ippolito, 2012). Sexual satisfaction is linked with important facets of life such as overall relationship satisfaction and general wellbeing. The present study examines the relationship between experiencing orgasm, pretending orgasm and overall sexual satisfaction. Participants were Eastern Washington University college students recruited via an online survey website (Qualtrics), and who completed the Pinney Sexual Satisfaction Inventory (Pinney, Gerrard & Denney, 1987) via the Sona Research Management System online. Questions regarding sexual practices, frequencies of sexual behaviors, relationship status and finally, frequency of and reasons for pretending orgasm were also included in the online survey. It was hypothesized that pretending orgasm would be negatively correlated with overall sexual satisfaction, and that experiencing orgasm would be positively correlated with overall sexual satisfaction. Results from the study supported both hypotheses. Some additional significant findings regarding relationship status and pretending orgasm as well as partner satisfaction and gender differences were also observed

Behavioural and Energetic Determinants of Individual Mating Success in Male Grey Seals (Halichoerus grypus, Fabricius 1791)

(1) Potential behavioural and energetic determinants of male grey seal mating success were examined over three successive breeding seasons (1987 to 1989) on North Rona (Scotland). A total of 275 males were individually identified. Records of individual male mating success, inter-male aggression (to yield dominance indices), colony attendance patterns and detailed activity budgets were obtained. Selected individuals were caught and weighed and rates of weight loss (both absolute and proportional) and weights on date of arrival to and departure from the colony were calculated. Standard measurements were taken and a single incisor tooth extracted for age determination. (2) Length of stay on the breeding colony was the primary correlate of mating success. (3) Using records of inter-male aggressive encounters a clear dominance hierarchy was found amongst the males. Dominant males were not necessarily heavier or bigger, nor were dominant males older than subordinates on average. There were low levels of intermale aggression on the colony, and evidence of prior knowledge of relative status amongst I males. It is proposed that male dominance relationships are predominantly established in the water prior to arrival on the colony. Thus, size may not be an important determinant of male competitive ability in grey seals. (4) Mating success was also highly correlated with dominance in all three seasons. Dominant individuals were able to establish positions amongst the groups of females and maintain these for significantly longer than more subordinate males, thus giving access to more oestrus females. (5) Dominant males experienced lower daily rates of aggression and did not incur greater rates of weight loss (either absolute or proportional). (6) No evidence of energetic constraints on male mating success could be found. Due to the topography of North Rona, dominant males were able to exclude subordinates from the breeding grounds (the average sex ratio on the colony during the breeding season was approximately 1 male : 7 females). Relatively few males were therefore, able to remain on the colony for the length of time that their energy reserves permitted, thus masking any potential energetic limits on length of stay. (7) It is suggested that grey seals are sexually size dimorphic primarily due to the differing energy storage requirements of the two sexes determined by the different strategies adopted by males and females in order to maximise individual reproductive success. (8) Males that returned in successive seasons were the more dominant individuals of the previous season, therefore remained ashore for longer and gained greater mating success in the previous year. Also, returning males were younger on average than those that failed to return, were not necessarily the heavier males but were those that incurred greater proportional rates of weight loss in the previous season. (9) One male, present in all three seasons, was conspicuously successful in all three years and had by far the greatest mating success of all males observed during the course of the study. This male had been present on North Rona since at least 1980. (10) A comparative study was conducted with one field season on Sable Island (Nova Scotia, Canada). Unlike North Rona, dominance was the primary correlate of mating success. Considerable differences in the apparent sex ratios were observed between Sable (1 male : 2 females) and Rona (1:7). Also, oestrus females on Sable were spatially more evenly distributed and temporally more aggregated than on Rona. Thus, one would predict a lower environmental polygamy potential on Sable Island. However, there were no significant differences in measures of the "degree of polygyny" at the two sites. Thus, although relatively more males gained positions ashore on Sable (access was not restricted by topography), dominant individuals still monopolised mating opportunities. These results suggest that plasticity of the form of mating system shown amongst grey seal populations is limited

Impact of RICO Upon Labor Unions

This paper will examine Title IX of the Organized Crime Control Act of 1970, relating to Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations (RICO). It will then discuss how Title IX pertains to labor unions and whether the assets of a labor organization may be forfeited under the civil forfeiture provisions of the Act

Trotsky and the Problem of Soviet Bureaucracy

In 1917 the Bolsheviks anticipated, on the basis of the Marxist classics, that the proletarian revolution would put an end to bureaucracy. However, soon after the revolution many within the Bolshevik Party, including Trotsky, were denouncing Soviet bureaucracy as a persistent problem. In fact, for Trotsky the problem of Soviet bureaucracy became the central political and theoretical issue that preoccupied him for the remainder of his life. This study examines the development of Leon Trotsky's views on that subject from the first years after the Russian Revolution through the completion of his work The Revolution Betrayed in 1936. In his various writings over these years Trotsky expressed three main understandings of the nature of the problem: During the civil war and the first years of NEP he denounced inefficiency in the distribution of supplies to the Red Army and resources throughout the economy as a whole. By 1923 he had become concerned about the growing independence of the state and party apparatuses from popular control and their increasing responsiveness to alien class pressures. Then in later years Trotsky depicted the bureaucracy as a distinct social formation, motivated by its own narrow interests, which had attained a high degree of autonomy from all social classes. Throughout the course of this evolution, Trotsky's thinking was influenced by factors that included his own major concerns at the time, preexisting images and analyses of bureaucracy, and Trotsky's interpretation of unfolding events. In turn, at each point Trotsky's understanding of the general nature of the problem of Soviet bureaucracy directed and shaped his political activities and his analyses of new developments. The picture of Trotsky that emerges is of an individual for whom ideas and theories were extremely important as means of understanding the world, and as a guide to changing it

Three-year follow-up of girls in office positions (class of 1926, Business Division, Newton High School)

Thesis (M.A.)--Boston Universit