Az erdőtelepítés hatása a talajfaunára, különösen a Collembola diverzitásra = Afforestation and soil fauna in particular the Collembola diversity in Hungary

Az erdőtelepítés hatása a talajfaunára, különösen a Collembola diverzitásra 2002- és 2005 között az OTKA pályázat keretében 17 helyiségben, mintegy 40 habitatban 27 alkalommal végeztünk quantitatív mintavételt talajlakó ugróvillások (Collembola) vizsgálatára. A feldolgozás során összesen 208 Collembola faj 47749 egyedét határoztuk meg. 23 fajt most gyűjtöttünk először hazánkban. A Collembola közösségek fajösszetételének és diverzitásának tanulmányozása során megállapítottuk, hogy a telepített erdők és erdősávok diverzitása általában elmarad a természet közeli erdőállományok faunájától, de ez mégis lényegesen magasabb a mezőgazdasági művelés alatt álló területek hasonló értékeinél. Megállapítottuk, hogy a "tipikus" eredi fajok csak a természet közeli erdőkben találhatók meg és ezek hiányoznak a telepített állományokból. | Afforestation and soil fauna in particular the Collembola diversity In the framework of the OTKA project, we carried out 27 quantitative sampling in 40 habitats from 2002 to 2005, in order to examine the Collembola diversity. The sampling and processing resulted in the identification of 208 species of 47 749 specimen. 23 species are new record for Hungary. The analysis of the composition and the diversity of Collembola community led us to the conclusion that the fauna is less varied in the afforested area and the forest-belt than in the natural forests; however the numbers are still considerably higher than figures from the agricultural fields. We have also concluded that "typical" forest Collembola species are spread only in natural forest and are missing in the afforested areas

An annotated checklist of the springtail fauna of Hungary (Hexapoda: Collembola)

A checklist of the species of springtails (Hexapoda: Collembola) hitherto recorded from Hungary is presented. Each entry is accompanied by complete references, and remarks where appropriate. The present list contains 414 species

"Do I really have to complete another evaluation?" exploring relationships among physicians' evaluative load, evaluative strain, and the quality of clinical clerkship evaluations

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)Background. Despite widespread criticism of physician-performed evaluations of medical students’ clinical skills, clinical clerkship evaluations (CCEs) remain the foremost means by which to assess trainees’ clinical prowess. Efforts undertaken to improve the quality of feedback students receive have ostensibly led to higher assessment demands on physician faculty; the consequences of which remain unknown. Accordingly, this study investigated the extent to which physicians’ evaluative responsibilities influenced the quality of CCEs and qualitatively explored physicians’ perceptions of these evaluations. Methods. A questionnaire was delivered to physicians (n = 93) at Indiana University School of Medicine to gauge their perceived evaluative responsibilities. Evaluation records of each participant were obtained and were used to calculate one’s measurable quantity of CCEs, the timeliness of CCE submissions, and the quality of the Likert-scale and written feedback data included in each evaluation. A path analysis estimated the extent to which one’s evaluative responsibilities affected the timeliness of CCE submissions and CCE quality. Semi-structured interviews with a subset of participants (n = 8) gathered perceptions of the evaluations and the evaluative process. Results. One’s measurable quantity of evaluations did not influence one’s perceptions of the evaluative task, but did directly influence the quality of the Likert-scale items. Moreover, one’s perceptions of the evaluative task directly influenced the timeliness of CCE submissions and indirectly influenced the quality of the closed-ended CCE items. Tardiness in the submission of CCEs had a positive effect on the amount of score differentiation among the Likert-scale data. Neither evaluative responsibilities nor the timeliness of CCE submissions influenced the quality of written feedback. Qualitative analysis revealed mixed opinions on the utility of CCEs and highlighted the temporal burden and practical limitations of completing CCEs. Conclusions. These findings suggest physicians’ perceptions of CCEs are independent of their assigned evaluative quantity, yet influence both the timeliness of evaluation submissions and evaluative quality. Further elucidation of the mechanisms underlying the positive influence of evaluation quantity and timely CCE submissions on CCE quality are needed to fully rationalize these findings and improve the evaluative process. Continued research is needed to pinpoint which factors influence the quality of written feedback

The role of social capital for self-employed information professionals in Aotearoa New Zealand

Research problem: The aim of this qualitative study was to explore how self-employed information professionals perceive the role of social capital in the development of their businesses in New Zealand. This required gaining an understanding of their professional relationship-building, networking, help-seeking and related activities. Methodology: A purposive sample of eight self-employed information professionals was interviewed. The interviews were semi-structured and occurred via Skype, phone, and face-to-face meetings. Anderson, Park, and Jack’s (2007) conceptual framework of social capital served as a theoretical lens in the interview design and data analysis. Results: Social capital was described in terms of giving (voluntary activity) and sharing (exchanging information and resources). Ethics, generosity, human touch, and mutuality emerged as important behavioural principles in the development of strong and effective relationships and networks. Apart from market opportunities, personal and professional well-being appeared to be equally important outcomes of social capital. Implications: In focusing on a lesser-known, but potentially growing, occupational group of sole traders, the study contributes to the library and information studies and social capital research in New Zealand. The results are indicative only and more data is needed, but they provide a useful resource for future and present self-employed information professionals

Eco-faunistic study on the Collembola fauna in the Vasvár-Nagymákfa area (Őrség, Western Hungary)

In the course of the 6th Hungarian Biodiversity Day in 2010 the Collembola fauna was studied in the region of Vasvár-Nagymákfa in four different habitats (forests and meadows). During the survey a total of 5557 specimens belonging to 67 species were collected, 49 of them are new to the fauna of Őrség peaking now a total of 103 Collembola species in this region of Western Hungary. Two species, namely Tetracanthella pericarpatica Kaprus & Tsalan, 2009 and Arrhopalites acanthophthalmus Gisin, 1958 proved to be new to the Hungarian fauna. A particular Pseudosinella species (P. cf. horaki) is also described and illustrate

How the distinctive cultures of osteopathic and allopathic medical schools affect the careers, perceptions, and institutional efforts of their anatomy faculties: A qualitative case study of two schools

Anatomy faculties are integral to basic science instruction in medical schools, particularly given the preponderance of anatomic instruction in the preclinical curriculum. Recent years have witnessed major curricular restructuring and other emerging national trends that pose significant challenges to anatomists. An examination of anatomy faculty perceptions at two philosophically distinct medical schools within this shifting climate provides an indicator of how different institutional characteristics may impact anatomy instruction and other faculty responsibilities. Semistructured interviews of anatomy faculty from a large, well-established allopathic medical school (Indiana University School of Medicine) and a small, new osteopathic medical school (Marian University College of Osteopathic Medicine) were explored using qualitative thematic analysis. Four overarching themes were identified: (1) Institutional philosophies, such as affiliation with osteopathic versus allopathic medicine, have minimal impact on how the anatomical sciences are taught. (2) Differences in anatomy faculty experiences at these two institutions are largely driven by the institution's size and history. There is a disparity between institutions in the relative importance of teaching and research, but an ability to do research is important for both faculties. (3) Anatomy instruction and research agendas are driven by personal philosophies and interests rather than institutional philosophy. (4) Autonomy is highly valued by anatomists at both institutions. All the participants share a devotion to educating future physicians. In fact, this study identified more similarities than differences in these two faculties. Finally, we argue that shared educational resources and research collaborations can improve anatomy education and faculty development at both institutions. Anat Sci Educ. © 2015 American Association of Anatomists

Respiratory kinematics and the regulation of subglottic pressure for phonation of pitch jumps - a dynamic MRI study

The respiratory system is a central part of voice production as it contributes to the generation of subglottic pressure, which has an impact on voice parameters including fundamental frequency and sound pressure level. Both parameters need to be adjusted precisely during complex phonation tasks such as singing. In particular, the underlying functions of the diaphragm and rib cage in relation to the phonation of pitch jumps are not yet understood in detail. This study aims to analyse respiratory movements during phonation of pitch jumps using dynamic MRI of the lungs. Dynamic images of the breathing apparatus of 7 professional singers were acquired in the supine position during phonation of upwards and downwards pitch jumps in a high, medium, and low range of the singer's tessitura. Distances between characteristic anatomical landmarks in the lung were measured from the series of images obtained. During sustained phonation, the diaphragm elevates, and the rib cage is lowered in a monotonic manner. During downward pitch jumps the diaphragm suddenly changed its movement direction and presented with a short inspiratory activation which was predominant in the posterior part and was associated with a shift of the cupola in an anterior direction. The magnitude of this inspiratory movement was greater for jumps that started at higher compared to lower fundamental frequency. In contrast, expiratory movement of the rib cage and anterior diaphragm were simultaneous and continued constantly during the jump. The data underline the theory of a regulation of subglottic pressure via a sudden diaphragm contraction during phonation of pitch jumps downwards, while the rib cage is not involved in short term adaptations. This strengthens the idea of a differentiated control of rib cage and diaphragm as different functional units during singing phonation