The 2nd order renormalization group flow for non-linear sigma models in 2 dimensions

We show that for two dimensional manifolds M with negative Euler characteristic there exists subsets of the space of smooth Riemannian metrics which are invariant and either parabolic or backwards-parabolic for the 2nd order RG flow. We also show that solutions exists globally on these sets. Finally, we establish the existence of an eternal solution that has both a UV and IR limit, and passes through regions where the flow is parabolic and backwards-parabolic

Complete Genome Sequences of Arcobacter butzleri ED-1 and Arcobacter sp Strain L, Both Isolated from a Microbial Fuel Cell

Arcobacter butzleri strain ED-1 is an exoelectrogenic epsilonproteobacterium isolated from the anode biofilm of a microbial fuel cell. Arcobacter sp. strain L dominates the liquid phase of the same fuel cell. Here we report the finished and annotated genome sequences of these organisms

Mechanics of musculoskeletal repair devices

This paper applies the mechanics of engineering science and materials to the understanding of clinical devices used in Orthopaedics and Trauma. The rigidity of devices is described to be a function of material stiffness and its geometry relative to the loading axes. Structures are more rigid under loads that are applied along their long axes and are more flexible under bending and torsion, which increases with length. This may be applied to an individual plate, screw or bone and to the entire construct. Increasing the thickness of a plate greatly increases rigidity as a third power relationship exists between these variables. Similarly, increasing the diameter of a rod increases its rigidity by a fourth power relationship. A hollow cylindrical cross-section, as found in long bones, provides the most effective rigidity to weight ratio when complex stresses are applied. This paper provides examples to reinforce basic structural mechanics applied to medical devices

Reliability of posterolateral acromion process to examination table measurement to estimate shoulder protraction contracture

Study Design: Retrospective study. Objectives: To determine the reliability of measuring the perpendicular distance between the posterolateral acromion process and examination table to estimate passive shoulder protraction in student physical therapists. Background: Previous research has identified scapular dyskinesis to be associated with musculoskeletal shoulder pain, and commonly addressed by physical therapists. Tightness of the anterior shoulder muscles may be associated with scapular movement abnormality. Thus, reliable clinical measurements for anterior shoulder muscle length are imporrant for physical therapy care. Methods: After a 1 0-minute review session, two measurements of the distance between the posterior acromion process and examination table were obtained for both the dominant shoulders and nondominant shoulders in 12 nondisabled individuals (6 females, and 6 males age: 25.0 ± 2.4 years) by 12 student physical therapist examiners. A complete set of measurements from 10 subjects were available for analysis. Results: Mean (±standard deviation) measurements for the dominant (D) shoulder were 7.6 ± 2.0cm for Trial #1 and 7.4 ± 2.0 em for Trial #2, and 7.5 ± 2.lcm for Trial #l and 7.4 ± 2.3cm for Trial #2 for the nondominant (ND) shoulder. Tightness was determined in 85% and 86% for D and ND shoulders, respectively. The measurement demonstrated good intra-rater reliability (D: intradass correlation, formula 2,1; ICC2 _ 1 .751, 95% confidence interval; Cl: .628-.861; ND: .764, 95% CI: .645-.869) and moderate to good inter-rater reliability (D: ICC2 , 1 .651, 95% CI: .445-.876; ND: ICC2•1 = .733, 95% CI: .548-.911) considered as a continuous variable, \u3c}nd good percent agreement both within raters (94%) and between raters (90%) as a binomial variable. The coefficient of variation was acceptable (D: 25.8, ND: 28.4%). Standard error of measure was 0.99 em for D shoulders and 1.01 em for ND shoulders. Minimum detectable change outside the 95% confidence interval was 2.74 em forD shoulders and 2.80 em for ND shoulders. Conclusion: Measurement of the perpendicular distance between the posterolateral acromion process and examination table is a reliable method to estimate passive shoulder protraction in novice clinicians

Fibronectin and Cyclic Strain Improve Cardiac Progenitor Cell Regenerative Potential In Vitro.

Cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) have rapidly advanced to clinical trials, yet little is known regarding their interaction with the microenvironment. Signaling cues present in the microenvironment change with development and disease. This work aims to assess the influence of two distinct signaling moieties on CPCs: cyclic biaxial strain and extracellular matrix. We evaluate four endpoints for improving CPC therapy: paracrine signaling, proliferation, connexin43 expression, and alignment. Vascular endothelial growth factor A (about 900 pg/mL) was secreted by CPCs cultured on fibronectin and collagen I. The application of mechanical strain increased vascular endothelial growth factor A secretion 2-4-fold for CPCs cultured on poly-L-lysine, laminin, or a naturally derived cardiac extracellular matrix. CPC proliferation was at least 25% higher on fibronectin than that on other matrices, especially for lower strain magnitudes. At 5% strain, connexin43 expression was highest on fibronectin. With increasing strain magnitude, connexin43 expression decreased by as much as 60% in CPCs cultured on collagen I and a naturally derived cardiac extracellular matrix. Cyclic mechanical strain induced the strongest CPC alignment when cultured on fibronectin or collagen I. This study demonstrates that culturing CPCs on fibronectin with 5% strain magnitude is optimal for their vascular endothelial growth factor A secretion, proliferation, connexin43 expression, and alignment

Hydrological and climatological change associated with glacial recession in the Rwenzori Mountains of Uganda

The areal extent of tropical icefields in the Rwenzori Mountains of East Africa has reduced steadily over the last century from 7.5 km^{2} 2 in 1906 to <1 km^{2} in 2003. Considerable debate persists regarding the impact of deglaciation on alpine riverflow and changes in climate driving glacial recession in the East African Highlands. Recent field surveys combined with historical observations reveal continued, rapid retreat in the terminal positions of valley glaciers (Speke, Elena). Observed acceleration in the rate of termini retreat since the 1960s is shown to arise, in part, from the morphologies of the glaciers and the beds within which those glaciers reside. Historical data combined with the first measurements of alpine riverflow in the Rwenzori Mountains show that the contribution of meltwater flows from dwindling icefields to alpine riverflow is negligible, contributing <0.5% of the mean annual river discharge recorded at the base of the mountains. Preliminary high-frequency monitoring of air temperature and humidity in the vicinity of icefields on the Rwenzori Mountains indicates that elevated daily maximum air temperatures coincide with episodic reductions in relative humidity and increased meltwater fluxes observed during the dry season. A sustained reduction in humidity to account for observed deglaciation is not evident from records of lowland precipitation, humidity or river discharge. Lakelevel records in East Africa are also inconsistent with a sudden decrease in regional humidity around 1880AD that is proposed to have triggered deglaciation in the East African Highlands. Water levels in the lakes proximate to the icefields of Mount Kenya and Kilimanjaro are rising in the late 19th century when glaciers on these mountains are observed to be in retreat. Lake levels do not, furthermore, indicate that enhanced humidity over the 19th century prior to 1880AD relative to the 20th century. Evidence of warming over the latter half of the 20th century and an earlier onset of deglaciation (~1870AD) from meteorological and palaeolimnological data suggest that the timing and drivers of deglaciation in the Rwenzori Mountains are consistent with the recession of alpine icefields elsewhere in the tropics

Characteristics of nucleosomes and linker DNA regions on the genome of the basidiomycete Mixia osmundae revealed by mono- and dinucleosome mapping

We present findings on the nucleosomal arrangement in the genome of the basidiomycete Mixia osmundae, focusing on nucleosomal linker DNA regions. We have assembled the genomic sequences of M. osmundae, annotated genes and transcription start sites (TSSs) on the genome, and created a detailed nucleosome map based on sequencing mono- and dinucleosomal DNA fragments. The nucleosomal DNA length distribution of M. osmundae is similar to that of the filamentous ascomycete Aspergillus fumigatus, but differs from that of ascomycetous yeasts, strongly suggesting that nucleosome positioning has evolved primarily through neutral drift in fungal species. We found clear association between dinucleotide frequencies and linker DNA regions mapped as the midpoints of dinucleosomes. We also describe a unique pattern found in the nucleosome-depleted region upstream of the TSS observed in the dinucleosome map and the precursor status of dinucleosomes prior to the digestion into mononucleosomes by comparing the mono- and dinucleosome maps. We demonstrate that observation of dinucleosomes as well as of mononucleosomes is valuable in investigating nucleosomal organization of the genome

The omega-3 fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid attenuates organic dust-induced airway inflammation.

Workers exposed to organic dusts from concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) are at risk for developing airway inflammatory diseases. Available preventative and therapeutic measures for alleviating dust-induced lung disease are inadequate. Because omega-3 fatty acids can mitigate inflammatory processes, we aimed to determine whether nutritional supplementation with the omega-3 fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) could reduce the airway inflammatory consequences of exposures to organic dust. Aqueous extracts of organic dusts from swine CAFOs (ODE) were utilized. In DHA-pretreated human bronchial epithelial cells, lung fibroblasts, monocyte cell cultures, and precision-cut murine lung slices, we found that DHA pretreatment dose-dependently decreased ODE-induced inflammatory cytokine production. To determine the in vivo significance of DHA, C57BL/6 mice were orally administered DHA for seven days prior to treatment with intranasal ODE or saline inhalations. Animals treated with 2 mg DHA demonstrated significant reductions in ODE-induced bronchial alveolar lavage neutrophil influx and pro-inflammatory cytokine/chemokine production compared to mice exposed to ODE alone. Collectively, these data demonstrate that DHA affects several lung cells to reduce the airway inflammatory response to organic dust exposures. Dietary supplementation with DHA may be an effective therapeutic strategy to reduce the airway inflammatory consequences in individuals exposed to agriculture dust environments

Restoring the Heart: A Community Vision for the Neighborhood of Aldenville

The goal of the Master of Regional Planning Studio is to develop a student’s techniques for collecting, analyzing, and synthesizing spatial and non-spatial data and then presenting that collective data in a manner (i.e., report, video, presentation, and charettes) that is understandable to academics, professionals, and the public. Planning Studio allows students to integrate knowledge from coursework and research, and apply such knowledge to resolving representative planning problems. At UMASS Amherst, these problems are found in neighborhood, rural, urban, and/or regional settings. For the Fall 2017 Planning Studio, Chicopee tasked the Masters of Regional Planning Studio to prepare a vision plan that focuses on improving Chicopee’s public engagement and land-use in Aldenville. The vision plan will contain a multi-question survey that will query Chicopee residents on their opinions of Chicopee, overall, and/or the neighborhood of Aldenville. In addition, the vision plan will also include two proposed land-use studies (zoning, land-use, pedestrian access, design, street improvements) for the neighborhood of Aldenville. This project has 6 goals: § Goal 1: Develop an outreach/engagement process that includes community survey materials (in hard-copy and digital formats) for distribution to Aldenville residents and stakeholders. The Planning Studio shall develop these materials understanding the City’s intended re-use of materials in a City-wide comprehensive visioning process. § Goal 2: Experiment with non-traditional modes of community engagement to maximize variety and volume of community response and data collection. § Goal 3: Analyze data collected from the outreach/engagement process to best inform the neighborhood visioning process and final Aldenville Vision Plan. § Goal 4: Develop a comprehensive understanding and graphic representation of major neighborhood destinations within Aldenville from which a more connected neighborhood concept can be developed. § Goal 5: Document, analyze, and discuss neighborhood opportunities and challenges (informed by the Community Outreach/Public Engagement Process) to advance visions for improving connectivity within the neighborhood and broadening the potential for Aldenville to function as a destination for all City residents as well as visitors from outside the City. § Goal 6: Document and prioritize destinations within Aldenville and propose urban design interventions to improve these destinations while using these destinations as anchors in a larger neighborhood network