Occupational mobility and vocational training over the life cycle

International audienc

Occupational mobility and vocational training over the life cycle

International audienc

Help me quit smoking but don't make me sick! The controversial effects of electronic cigarettes on tobacco smokers

International audienc

Impact of unemployment on self-perceived health

International audienc

Dépréciation du capital humain et formation continue au cours du cycle de vie : Quelle dynamique des externalités sociales ?

Dans cette etude, nous presentons un cadre theorique permettant d'analyser les interactions entre investissement en capital humain, turbulence economique et cycle de vie an d'examiner la dynamique des externalites sociales liees a la formation generale. L'existence de telles externalites conduit a exclure certains travailleurs du systeme de formation professionnelle, a tort du point de vue de ce qui serait socialement souhaitable. Il convient donc de proposer une politique de soutien a la formation ciblee vers certains types de travailleurs. La principale contribution de ce papier esten eet de positionner cette problematique des externalites sociales de la formation continue dans la perspective du cycle de vie du travailleur, et de souligner qu'il serait necessaire de mettre en place une politique d'incitation a la formation dependante de l'âge. Nous montrons en eet que les employeurs tendent a accroitre trop tot dans le cycle de vie des travailleurs leur critere d'acces a la formation continue relativement a ce que suggererait de faire la prise en compte des externalites sociales. En revanche, en toute fin de carriere (a l'approche de la retraite) le rendement social converge vers lerendement prive de la formation et tend vers zero. Au bilan, ceci plaide donc pour une politique incitative non monotone avec l'age, croissante jusqu'a un certain age, puisdecroissante ensuite

Search frictions and (in)efficient vocational training over the life-cycle

This paper examines life cycle vocational training investments in the context of a model with search frictions. We emphasize that related externalities are agedependent, and this can require an hump-shaped subsidy rate of training costs to restore social efficiency. These results are illustrated using a calibration on the french econom

Unemployment and Risky Behaviours: The Effect of Job Loss on Alcohol and Tobacco Consumption

International audienc

Wealth and health in South Africa

In this paper, we investigate the impact of wealth on health in South Africa using the National Income Dynamics Study (NIDS). We estimate a two-stage probit model with inheritance as an instrumental variable for wealth. We find no significant effect of wealth on health at the individual level, consistent with most of the results found for developed countries. Alternative specifications to the health outcomes (self-reported health versus reported diseases) as well as the introduction of gifts as an additional instrumental variable delivers similar results. In addition, we decompose wealth into liquid and illiquid wealth. Despite the health effect being higher for liquid than for non-liquid wealth, none of these measures involve substantial or significant effects on health

Health, wealth, and informality over the life cycle

How do labor market and health outcomes interact over the life cycle in a country characterized by a large informal sector and strong inequalities? To quantify the effects of bad health on labor market trajectories, wealth, and consumption, we develop a life-cycle heterogeneous agents model with a formal and an informal sector. We estimate our model using data from the National Income Dynamics Study, the first nationally representative panel study in South Africa. We run counterfactual experiments and show that health shocks have an important impact on wealth and consumption. The channel through which these shocks propagate strongly depends on the job status of individuals at the time of the shock. For formal workers, bad health reduces labor efficiency, which translates into lower earnings. For informal workers and the non-employed, the shock lowers the job finding rate and increases job separation into non-employment, which results in a surge in non-employment spells. As bad health spells persist more for non-employed than for employed individuals, the interaction between labor market risks and health risks generates a vicious circle