Chloroplast capture by a new variety, Juniperus sabina var. balkanensis R. P. Adams and A. N. Tashev, from the Balkan peninsula: A putative stabilized relictual hybrid between J. sabina and ancestral J. thurifera

An example of chloroplast capture has been found in Juniperus sabina from Bulgaria and Greece in the Balkan peninsula. The cpDNA from these populations is very uniform and is nearly identical to that of J. thurifera (currently growing in France, Spain and Morocco). The new taxon is recognized as Juniperus sabina var. balkanensis R. P. Adams and A. Tashev. At present, the variety, with the thurifera cpDNA, is known only from Bulgaria and Greece

Chloroplast capture in Juniperus sabina var. balkanensis R. P. Adams and A. N. Tashev, from the Balkan peninsula: A new variety with a history of hybridization with J. thurifera

example of chloroplast capture has been identified in Juniperus sabina from Bulgaria and Greece in the Balkan peninsula. Nuclear DNA and overall morphology clearly indicate a close relationship to Juniperus sabina, whereas the cpDNA from these populations is very uniform and is nearly identical to that of J. thurifera, an unrelated species currently growing in France, Spain and Morocco. The new taxon is recognized as Juniperus sabina var. balkanensis R. P. Adams and A. Tashev. At present, this new variety is known only from locations in Bulgaria and Greece

Chloroplast capture by a new variety, Juniperus sabina var. balkanensis R. P. Adams and A. N. Tashev, from the Balkan peninsula: A putative stabilized relictual hybrid between J. sabina and ancestral J. thurifera

An example of chloroplast capture has been found in Juniperus sabina from Bulgaria and Greece in the Balkan peninsula. The cpDNA from these populations is very uniform and is nearly identical to that of J. thurifera (currently growing in France, Spain and Morocco). The new taxon is recognized as Juniperus sabina var. balkanensis R. P. Adams and A. Tashev. At present, the variety, with the thurifera cpDNA, is known only from Bulgaria and Greece

Juniperus communis in Azerbaijan: analyses of nrDNA and cpDNA regions

Juniperus \u27pygmaea\u27 from Azerbaijan was analyzed by DNA sequence data from nrDNA plus four cp DNA regions (4315 bp) and found in a clade with J. communis \u27oblonga\u27 (= J. communis) Armenia, not with J. c. forma pygmaea of Bulgaria. It seems prudent to not recognize this variant taxonomically but treat it as J. communis

Discovery of Juniperus sabina var. balkanensis R. P. Adams and A. N. Tashev in western Turkey (Anatolia)

Additional analyses of trnS-trnG and nrDNA from herbarium specimens from Europe revealed the presence of J. sabina var. balkanensis in western Turkey near Izmir and expands the range previously known only from Bulgaria and adjacent mountains in Greece. A more detailed map of the taxon\u27s distribution is presented

Geographic variation in nrDNA and four cpDNA regions of Juniperus excelsa: Analysis of new records from Bulgaria, Cyprus and southwestern Turkey

Sequencing of nrDNA, plus four cp DNA regions: petN-psbM, trnS-trnG, trnD-trnT and trnL-trnF of newly acquired samples of J. excelsa from Bulgaria, Cyprus and Turkey showed little variation in J. excelsa (sensu stricto), except for the unusual situation in Lebanon, where J. excelsa and J. polycarpos (and likely J. p. var. turcomanica) grow near each other and may be hybridizing. The genetic composition of the eastern-most populations of J. excelsa in Turkey is unknown and deserves further study

Geographic variation in nrDNA and four cpDNA regions of Juniperus excelsa: Analysis of new records from Bulgaria, Cyprus and southwestern Turkey

Sequencing of nrDNA, plus four cp DNA regions: petN-psbM, trnS-trnG, trnD-trnT and trnL-trnF of newly acquired samples of J. excelsa from Bulgaria, Cyprus and Turkey showed little variation in J. excelsa (sensu stricto), except for the unusual situation in Lebanon, where J. excelsa and J. polycarpos (and likely J. p. var. turcomanica) grow near each other and may be hybridizing. The genetic composition of the eastern-most populations of J. excelsa in Turkey is unknown and deserves further study

The energy method for solving a nonlinear problem of thermoelasticity for arod of variable cross section

A horizontal rod of limited length is considered. Radius of the rod varies linearly along its length. The cross - sectional area of the left end is larger than the cross - sectional area of the right end. The lateral surface of the test rod is completely insulated. The heat flow is fed to the cross - sectional area of the left end. Through the cross - sectional area of the right end of the rod, heat exchange takes place with the surrounding medium. The field of distribution of temperature, displacement, three components of deformation and stresses are determined in the work, provided that both ends of the rod are rigidly fixed. And also, the magnitude of the elongation of the rod is determined when one end of the rod is fixed and when the other is free.In the case of fixing the two ends of the rod, the magnitude of the resulting axial compressive force is also calculated. When studying the rod, the fundamental laws of conservation of energy were used

MODULATORY EFFECT OF CANNABINOID LIGANDS ON THE ANXIETY-LIKE BEHAVIOR OF BULBECTOMIZED RATS

Purpose: The endocannabinoid system is considered a key regulatory system in anxiety behavior. The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) injected cannabinoid ligands on the anxiety-like behavior of rats with a model of depression. Material/Methods: The olfactory bulbectomized rat (OBX) is a well-established experimental model of depression. The OBX model exhibits neurochemical changes that are very similar to those seen in patients with depression. CB1 receptor agonist HU-210 and CB1 receptor antagonist SR 141716A were injected i.c.v. in OBX rats, and the anxiety-related behavior of the rats was measured in an elevated plus-maze (EPM) test. Results: OBX rats showed an increased anxiety-like behavior at the EPM test. HU-210 produced an anxiolytic-like effect and alleviated the OBX-induced anxiety, while SR 141716A failed to produce effects on the behavior of OBX rats. Conclusions: The results suggest that CB1 receptors may be involved in the modulation of anxiety-related behavior in OBX rats

Evidence of relictual introgression or incomplete lineage sorting in nrDNA of Juniperus excelsa and J. polycarpos in Asia Minor

DNA analysis of Juniperus excelsa from throughout its range revealed that J. polycarpos, instead of J. excelsa occupies central and eastern Turkey. Based on nrDNA (ITS) data, it appears that relictual hybridization has occurred in southeastern Turkey between J. polycarpos and J. turcomanica. Surprisingly, evidence of incomplete lineage sorting or relictual hybridization between J. polycarpos and J. seravschanica was found in central Turkey and northwest Iran