La intención editorial de Calderón y la edición de las comedias de la “Cuarta parte”

El artículo se centra en el análisis de la intención editorial de Calderón a la hora de publicar la “Cuarta parte” de sus comedias. La edición impresa de estos textos teatrales supuso un salto cualitativo en cuanto a su repercusión social (una mayor y diferente socialización de los textos de Calderón) y también en cuanto al papel desarrollado por el autor que asume en este momento, además, un rol como editor, algo que resulta especialmente importante de cara a una edición crítica actual. Al margen de las razones económicas que pudieron haber impulsado a Calderón, las ediciones de 1672 y 1674, junto con la de Vera Tassis de 1688, nos aportan la intención editorial del autor español a la hora de fijar los textos, a pesar de que los numerosos errores que aparecen en las ediciones de 1672 y 1674 y las intervenciones de Vera Tassis en la de 1688 generen problemas al editor moderno

Para una teoría de la realidad virtual en Calderón

Este artículo se vale del concepto de realidad virtual para analizar la obra de Calderón y enmarcarla en una concepción de la cultura entendida como espectáculo y entretenimiento. En esta concepción, la realidad virtual se entiende a partir de una clasificación que opone lo virtual a lo concreto, no a lo real, y que describe la cultura del Barroco como una época de creativos ensayos sobre la realidad virtual en la literatura y la cultura hispanas que va más allá de la representación y que tiene su origen en problemas históricos relacionados con la expansión del mundo hispánico. Finalmente, se propone la idea de utilizar el concepto de realidad virtual para un proyecto de organización de la producción calderoniana.// The present work makes use the theory of virtual reality in order to analyze and classify the work of Calderón within a concept that defines culture merely as entertainment. This concept regards virtual reality as being in opposition to the concrete, not in opposition to reality. It describes baroque culture as a period of creative experiments on virtual reality within Spanish literature that go beyond a representational function. The origins of this culture are explained by historical problems related to the expansion of the Spanish empire. Finally, it proposes to make use of the concept of virtual reality for a project that organizes the work of Calderón

Nota sobre “la noche que llegamos” a casa de Cabra: ¿un error de Quevedo?

El objetivo de este artículo es mostrar las aparentes incoherencias cronológicas y gramaticales que surgen de la lectura del principio del capítulo tercero de El Buscón. Tras la famosa descripción del Licenciado, el narrador establece que los jóvenes llegaron por la noche a la casa de Cabra. En el mismo párrafo, y sin aclaraciones ni marcadores temporales que indiquen una ruptura en el ciclo narrado, se anuncia que Pablos y su amo se pusieron a hacer las tareas encomendadas por el Licenciado y que estuvieron ocupados en eso hasta la hora de comer. El problema surge al recordar que es «todavía» por la noche de acuerdo con el comienzo del párrafo. ¿Se trata de un error del autor? El artículo examina varias hipótesis para intentar explicar el texto tal y como está, pero llega a la conclusión de que lo más probable es que se trate de un error o de que se haya perdido una parte del texto original. Por eso, la recomendación final es que en futuras ediciones se incluya un marcador temporal y una explicación que haga legible tanto esta sección como el capítulo entero. This article deals with the chronological and grammatical inconsistencies derived from a careful reading of the beginning of El Buscón’s third chapter. According to the text, the two young students arrive at Cabra’s house during the night («la noche que llegamos»). The problem arises when in the same paragraph, and without any sign of temporal rupture in the narration, the narrator establishes that the young pupils started to work in the tasks assigned by the Licenciado. Immediately after, they proceed to the dining room and have lunch («la comida»). But it still was the night of the day in which they arrived to the house. The article examines several hypotheses in order to provide possible readings of the chapter as it is. The conclusion, however, is that there is a textual mistake due either to the author / editor or to the fact that part of the original text is missing. The final recommendation is that future editions include a note and a «temporal marker» within the problematic passage so that the reading of both the paragraph and the chapter becomes coherent

Bladder cancer index: cross-cultural adaptation into Spanish and psychometric evaluation

BACKGROUND: The Bladder Cancer Index (BCI) is so far the only instrument applicable across all bladder cancer patients, independent of tumor infiltration or treatment applied. We developed a Spanish version of the BCI, and assessed its acceptability and metric properties. METHODS: For the adaptation into Spanish we used the forward and back-translation method, expert panels, and cognitive debriefing patient interviews. For the assessment of metric properties we used data from 197 bladder cancer patients from a multi-center prospective study. The Spanish BCI and the SF-36 Health Survey were self-administered before and 12 months after treatment. Reliability was estimated by Cronbach's alpha. Construct validity was assessed through the multi-trait multi-method matrix. The magnitude of change was quantified by effect sizes to assess responsiveness. RESULTS: Reliability coefficients ranged 0.75-0.97. The validity analysis confirmed moderate associations between the BCI function and bother subscales for urinary (r = 0.61) and bowel (r = 0.53) domains; conceptual independence among all BCI domains (r ≤ 0.3); and low correlation coefficients with the SF-36 scores, ranging 0.14-0.48. Among patients reporting global improvement at follow-up, pre-post treatment changes were statistically significant for the urinary domain and urinary bother subscale, with effect sizes of 0.38 and 0.53. CONCLUSIONS: The Spanish BCI is well accepted, reliable, valid, responsive, and similar in performance compared to the original instrument. These findings support its use, both in Spanish and international studies, as a valuable and comprehensive tool for assessing quality of life across a wide range of bladder cancer patients

Erratum: Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

Interpretation: By quantifying levels and trends in exposures to risk factors and the resulting disease burden, this assessment offers insight into where past policy and programme efforts might have been successful and highlights current priorities for public health action. Decreases in behavioural, environmental, and occupational risks have largely offset the effects of population growth and ageing, in relation to trends in absolute burden. Conversely, the combination of increasing metabolic risks and population ageing will probably continue to drive the increasing trends in non-communicable diseases at the global level, which presents both a public health challenge and opportunity. We see considerable spatiotemporal heterogeneity in levels of risk exposure and risk-attributable burden. Although levels of development underlie some of this heterogeneity, O/E ratios show risks for which countries are overperforming or underperforming relative to their level of development. As such, these ratios provide a benchmarking tool to help to focus local decision making. Our findings reinforce the importance of both risk exposure monitoring and epidemiological research to assess causal connections between risks and health outcomes, and they highlight the usefulness of the GBD study in synthesising data to draw comprehensive and robust conclusions that help to inform good policy and strategic health planning

Nota sobre “la noche que llegamos” a casa de Cabra: ¿un error de Quevedo?

El objetivo de este artículo es mostrar las aparentes incoherencias cronológicas y gramaticales que surgen de la lectura del principio del capítulo tercero de El Buscón. Tras la famosa descripción del Licenciado, el narrador establece que los jóvenes llegaron por la noche a la casa de Cabra. En el mismo párrafo, y sin aclaraciones ni marcadores temporales que indiquen una ruptura en el ciclo narrado, se anuncia que Pablos y su amo se pusieron a hacer las tareas encomendadas por el Licenciado y que estuvieron ocupados en eso hasta la hora de comer. El problema surge al recordar que es «todavía» por la noche de acuerdo con el comienzo del párrafo. ¿Se trata de un error del autor? El artículo examina varias hipótesis para intentar explicar el texto tal y como está, pero llega a la conclusión de que lo más probable es que se trate de un error o de que se haya perdido una parte del texto original. Por eso, la recomendación final es que en futuras ediciones se incluya un marcador temporal y una explicación que haga legible tanto esta sección como el capítulo entero. This article deals with the chronological and grammatical inconsistencies derived from a careful reading of the beginning of El Buscón’s third chapter. According to the text, the two young students arrive at Cabra’s house during the night («la noche que llegamos»). The problem arises when in the same paragraph, and without any sign of temporal rupture in the narration, the narrator establishes that the young pupils started to work in the tasks assigned by the Licenciado. Immediately after, they proceed to the dining room and have lunch («la comida»). But it still was the night of the day in which they arrived to the house. The article examines several hypotheses in order to provide possible readings of the chapter as it is. The conclusion, however, is that there is a textual mistake due either to the author / editor or to the fact that part of the original text is missing. The final recommendation is that future editions include a note and a «temporal marker» within the problematic passage so that the reading of both the paragraph and the chapter becomes coherent

La intención editorial de Calderón y la edición de las comedias de la “Cuarta parte”

El artículo se centra en el análisis de la intención editorial de Calderón a la hora de publicar la “Cuarta parte” de sus comedias. La edición impresa de estos textos teatrales supuso un salto cualitativo en cuanto a su repercusión social (una mayor y diferente socialización de los textos de Calderón) y también en cuanto al papel desarrollado por el autor que asume en este momento, además, un rol como editor, algo que resulta especialmente importante de cara a una edición crítica actual. Al margen de las razones económicas que pudieron haber impulsado a Calderón, las ediciones de 1672 y 1674, junto con la de Vera Tassis de 1688, nos aportan la intención editorial del autor español a la hora de fijar los textos, a pesar de que los numerosos errores que aparecen en las ediciones de 1672 y 1674 y las intervenciones de Vera Tassis en la de 1688 generen problemas al editor moderno

Stratification of radiosensitive brain metastases based on an actionable S100A9/RAGE resistance mechanism

Whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT) is the treatment backbone for many patients with brain metastasis; however, its efficacy in preventing disease progression and the associated toxicity have questioned the clinical impact of this approach and emphasized the need for alternative treatments. Given the limited therapeutic options available for these patients and the poor understand- ing of the molecular mechanisms underlying the resistance of metastatic lesions to WBRT, we sought to uncover actionable targets and biomarkers that could help to refine patient selection. Through an unbiased analysis of experimental in vivo models of brain metastasis resistant to WBRT, we identified activation of the S100A9–RAGE–NF-κB–JunB pathway in brain metastases as a potential mediator of resistance in this organ. Targeting this pathway genetically or pharmacologically was sufficient to revert the WBRT resistance and increase therapeutic benefits in vivo at lower doses of radiation. In patients with primary mela- noma, lung or breast adenocarcinoma developing brain metastasis, endogenous S100A9 levels in brain lesions correlated with clinical response to WBRT and underscored the potential of S100A9 levels in the blood as a noninvasive biomarker. Collectively, we provide a molecular framework to personalize WBRT and improve its efficacy through combination with a radiosensitizer that balances therapeutic benefit and toxicity

Bladder cancer index : Cross-cultural adaptation into Spanish and psychometric evaluation

Background: The Bladder Cancer Index (BCI) is so far the only instrument applicable across all bladder cancer patients, independent of tumor infiltration or treatment applied. We developed a Spanish version of the BCI, and assessed its acceptability and metric properties. Methods: For the adaptation into Spanish we used the forward and back-translation method, expert panels, and cognitive debriefing patient interviews. For the assessment of metric properties we used data from 197 bladder cancer patients from a multi-center prospective study. The Spanish BCI and the SF-36 Health Survey were self-administered before and 12 months after treatment. Reliability was estimated by Cronbach's alpha. Construct validity was assessed through the multi-trait multi-method matrix. The magnitude of change was quantified by effect sizes to assess responsiveness. Results: Reliability coefficients ranged 0.75-0.97. The validity analysis confirmed moderate associations between the BCI function and bother subscales for urinary (r = 0.61) and bowel (r = 0.53) domains; conceptual independence among all BCI domains (r ≤ 0.3); and low correlation coefficients with the SF-36 scores, ranging 0.14-0.48. Among patients reporting global improvement at follow-up, pre-post treatment changes were statistically significant for the urinary domain and urinary bother subscale, with effect sizes of 0.38 and 0.53. Conclusions: The Spanish BCI is well accepted, reliable, valid, responsive, and similar in performance compared to the original instrument. These findings support its use, both in Spanish and international studies, as a valuable and comprehensive tool for assessing quality of life across a wide range of bladder cancer patients