Thyroid nodule rupture after radiofrequency ablation: case report and literature review

PurposeRadiofrequency ablation (RFA) is an effective and safe modality for the treatment of thyroid nodules. Nodule rupture is a major complication of RFA. There is little known on the natural history of nodule rupture due to a lack of clinical experience and no consensus on its management. A comprehensive review of nodule rupture presentation, diagnosis, and management is needed.MethodsWe report a case of nodule rupture and conduct a literature review. A total of 33 patients experiencing nodule rupture after RFA were included, and their clinical presentation, management, and outcomes were collected and analyzed.ResultsNodule rupture presents with acute swelling (90.3%) and pain (77.4%) within 7 months of RFA procedure, most commonly due to disruption of the anterior thyroid capsule (87%), and can be diagnosed with ultrasonography. Most ruptures can be managed conservatively, exemplified by our reported case. There are no reported cases of long-term sequalae.ConclusionNodule rupture is the second most common major complication of RFA. Based on the available evidence, we propose a treatment algorithm for nodule rupture and recommendations for future data collection to address gaps in our understanding of rupture etiology and effective management

Nomenclature revision for encapsulated follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma:a paradigm shift to reduce overtreatment of indolent tumors

Although growing evidence points to highly indolent behavior of encapsulated follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (EFVPTC), most patients with EFVPTC are treated as having conventional thyroid cancer

Noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features (NIFTP): A changing paradigm in thyroid surgical pathology and implications for thyroid cytopathology

The change in the diagnosis of noninvasive encapsulated follicular variant papillary thyroid carcinoma to noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features (ie, not carcinoma) will have significant impact on the risk of malignancy for categories according to The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology, and especially for the indeterminate categories