Supporting University Students' Learning and Careers in a Pandemic Context

Trabalho apresentado no XVI Congresso Internacional Galego-Português de Psicopedagogia, realizado na Universidade do Minho, em Braga (Portugal), nos dias 1 a 3 de setembro de 2021, com patrocínio da Associação Científica Internacional de Psicopedagogia (ACIP)[Resumo] A Pandemia Covid-19 é um evento inesperado, imprevisível e gerador de múltiplos desafios e dificuldades aos indivíduos, nos mais variados contextos da sua vida, incluindo a vida académica e a carreira mais geral. Com este estudo pretendeu-se identificar e priorizar as necessidades de apoio psicoeducacional de estudantes universitários, em tempos de pandemia COVID-19. Participaram 261 estudantes portugueses, de ambos os sexos (n = 209, 80,1% mulheres), com idades entre os 18 e os 50 anos (M = 22,17, DP = 4,36), a frequentar cursos de licenciatura (n = 138, 52,9%) e de pós-graduação (123, 47,1%), em diferentes domínios e instituições de ensino superior, com saliência da região norte do país (n = 187, 71,6%). Registou-se maior necessidade de apoio em questões relacionadas com o estudo individual, a avaliação do desempenho, gestão do tempo, a compreensão de interesses e competências, e as escolhas de carreira. Os resultados de uma ANOVA bifatorial indicam um efeito principal do nível académico e um efeito de interação do nível académico e do ciclo de estudos, nas preocupações de aprendizagem. Nos estudantes com média académica superior, são os estudantes de licenciatura quem apresenta mais necessidades de apoio à aprendizagem, quando comparados com os de pós-graduação. Nos estudantes universitários com média académica inferior, registou-se o padrão de resultados inverso. No que toca às modalidades de apoio preferidas, os estudantes registaram maior interesse pelo aconselhamento individual e pelas oficinas. Os resultados deste estudo podem orientar a investigação e intervenções de carreira com estudantes universitários, em contexto pandémico e pós-pandémico.[Abstract] The Covid-19 pandemic is an unexpected and unpredictable event that generates multiple challenges and difficulties for individuals in various contexts of their lives, including academic life and career more generally. This study aimed to identify and prioritise the psychoeducational support needs of university students in times of the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 261 Portuguese students of both genders (n = 209, 80.1% female), aged between 18 and 50 years (M = 22.17, SD = 4.36), attending undergraduate (n = 138, 52.9%) and postgraduate (123, 47.1%) degree courses, in domains as health, business, natural and social sciences, arts and humanities, engineering and technologies, in different higher education institutions, with emphasis on the northern region of the country (n = 187, 71.6%) participated in the study. There was a greater need for support in issues related to individual study, performance evaluation, time management, understanding interests and competencies, and career choices. The results of a two-way ANOVA indicate a main effect of academic level and an interaction effect of academic level and study cycle on learning concerns. In students with higher academic average, it is undergraduate students who have more learning support needs compared to postgraduate students. In university students with lower academic average, the opposite pattern was observed. With regard to the preferred support modalities, students showed more interest in individual counselling and workshops. The results of this study may guide research and career interventions with university students in pandemic and post-pandemic context

Career adaptation in non-working and working students

Tese de doutoramento em Psicologia (ramo do conhecimento em Aprendizagem, Instrução e Carreira)O estudo explicativo dos processos de adaptação ao ensino superior, por diferentes grupos de estudantes, pode ter implicações importantes para o desenho das intervenções de carreira com universitários. Deste modo, o objetivo principal desta investigação foi testar um novo racional teórico sobre o processo de adaptação académica em estudantes e estudantes-trabalhadores. Este teve por base duas teorias contemporâneas da carreira com vasta validação empírica, a teoria sociocognitiva e a teoria da construção da carreira. Especificamente, procurou-se analisar se variáveis de contexto (i.e., suporte social percebido), e variáveis pessoais de carreira (i.e., orientação protena, adaptabilidade, comportamentos adaptativos), prediziam positivamente resultados objetivos (i.e., rendimento académico) e subjetivos (i.e., certeza, bem-estar académico, satisfação geral com a vida) de adaptação ao ensino superior nos dois grupos de estudantes referidos. Para cumprir este objetivo, foi necessário proceder à validação de três medidas que, posteriormente, integraram o teste ao modelo proposto. Referimos uma medida de orientação proteana de carreira e duas versões reduzidas das medidas sobre adaptabilidade e comportamentos de carreira adaptativos. O estudo de validação ao modelo teórico proposto incluiu 335 estudantes e 188 estudantes-trabalhadores, que responderam voluntariamente a medidas de orientação proteana, suporte social, adaptabilidade e comportamentos adaptativos de carreira, rendimento e bem-estar académico, certeza na carreira e satisfação geral com a vida. Os resultados dos estudos de validação das medidas de orientação proteana de carreira, adaptabilidade e comportamentos adaptativos apontaram para valores satisfatórios de validade e fiabilidade, permitindo o seu uso na investigação e prática com universitários portugueses. Os resultados do teste ao modelo teórico, indicaram um ajuste adequado e invariância nos dois grupos de estudantes. Entre os contributos da presente dissertação destacam-se, o enriquecimento da literatura de avaliação psicológica em Portugal e os contributos para a prática psicológica nesta população. Neste caso, a promoção de uma rede de suporte e o desenvolvimento de agência face à carreira parece contribuir positivamente para a adaptação ao ensino superior.The explanatory study of adaptation processes to higher education by different groups of students can have important implications for designing career interventions with university students. Thus, the major goal of this research was to test a new theoretical rationale on the academic adaptation process in students and working student. This was based on two contemporary career theories with extensive empirical validation: the socio-cognitive theory and the career construction theory. Specifically, the study aimed to analyze whether contextual variables (i.e., perceived social support) and personal career variables (i.e., protean orientation, adaptability, adaptive behaviors) positively predicted objective outcomes (i.e., academic achievement) and subjective outcomes (i.e., certainty, academic well-being, overall life satisfaction) in adapting to higher education, in the two groups of mentioned students. To fulfill this objective, we validated three measures that were later included in the test of the proposed model. These include a measure of protean career orientation and two reduced versions of the measures of adaptability and adaptive career behavior. The study of the proposed model included 335 students and 188 working students, who voluntarily responded to measures of protean orientation, social support, career adaptability, and adaptive behaviors, academic performance and well-being, career certainty, and overall life satisfaction. The results of studies validating the protean career orientation, adaptability, and adaptive behaviors measures, indicated satisfactory indices of validity and reliability, allowing the measures’ use in research and practice with Portuguese university students. The results of the theoretical model test indicated an adequate fit and invariance across students’ groups. Among the contributions of this dissertation, we highlight the enrichment of the psychological assessment literature in Portugal and the contributions to psychological practice within this population. For the latter case, the promotion of a support network and the development of agency toward one's career seem to contribute positively to higher education adaptation.Este projeto foi financiado pela Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT), através da atribuição da Bolsa de Doutoramento (2020.06006.BD.), com verbas do Orçamento de Estado e Fundo Social Europeu, ao abrigo do PORTUGAL2020, através, nomeadamente, do Programa Operacional Regional do Norte (NORTE 2020), Programa Operacional Regional do Centro (Centro 2020) e do Programa Operacional Regional do Alentejo (Alentejo 2020)

Adaptation factors at university - employment transition in portuguese and brazilian contexts

Dissertação de mestrado integrado em PsicologiaO modelo de adaptação à carreira constitui um quadro de referência explicativo do processo de transição para o mercado de emprego de universitários. Neste âmbito, o objetivo deste estudo é testar a invariância desse modelo estrutural, tendo em conta o sexo e o contexto cultural de origem dos indivíduos. Participaram 638 estudantes universitários com idades entre os 18 e os 56 anos (M = 23.78, DP = 20.33), sendo a maioria mulheres (n = 440, 69.0%). No total, 216 (33.9%) participantes encontravamse a estudar em Portugal e 422 (66.1%) no Brasil. Foi utilizada a Escala sobre Adaptabilidade para medir os recursos adaptativos, a Escala de Desenvolvimento de Carreira de Universitários para medir as respostas adaptativas e a Escala de Empregabilidade Percebida para medir os resultados adaptativos. Os resultados da análise de caminhos apontam para a invariância do modelo estrutural apenas entre contextos culturais, verificando-se relações estatisticamente significativas entre as dimensões. Tal permite concluir que o processo de transição universidade-emprego, em Portugal e no Brasil, pode ser apoiado através de intervenções de carreira promotoras de competências de adaptabilidade. Contudo, a ausência de invariância do modelo estrutural para o sexo requer que investigações e intervenções futuras acautelem esse fator.Career adaptation model constitutes an explanatory frame of reference for job transition process within college students. In this scope, the objective of this study is to analyze structural model invariance, considering sex and individuals’ cultural context of origin. Participated 638 college students with ages between 18 and 56 years old (M = 23.78, DP = 20.33), being a majority of women (n = 440, 69.0%). In total, 216 (33.9%) participants were studying in Portugal and 422 (66.1%) in Brazil. Career Adapt-Abilities Scale was used to assess adaptative resources, the College Student Career Development Scale was used to assess adaptative responses and the Perceived Employability Scale was used to assess adaptative results. Path analysis results indicate structural model invariance only between cultural context, being verified significant relations between model dimensions. This allows to conclude that, universityemployment transition in Portugal and Brazil, could be supported by career interventions promoting adaptability skills. However, lack of structural model invariance for sex, requires that future investigations and interventions beware this factor

Characterisation of microbial attack on archaeological bone

As part of an EU funded project to investigate the factors influencing bone preservation in the archaeological record, more than 250 bones from 41 archaeological sites in five countries spanning four climatic regions were studied for diagenetic alteration. Sites were selected to cover a range of environmental conditions and archaeological contexts. Microscopic and physical (mercury intrusion porosimetry) analyses of these bones revealed that the majority (68%) had suffered microbial attack. Furthermore, significant differences were found between animal and human bone in both the state of preservation and the type of microbial attack present. These differences in preservation might result from differences in early taphonomy of the bones. © 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved

III Congresso Internacional de Estudantes e Profissionais da Saúde

A 3ª edição do Congresso Internacional de Estudantes e Profissionais da Saúde – DELTA SAÚDE, realizou-se de forma presencial no período de 04 a 06 de novembro de 2022, no Centro de Convenções do Hotel SESC Praia, Luis Correia, Piauí. O Delta Saúde 2022 trouxe como tema geral: “O pós-pandemia e os principais desafios da saúde global”; e as discussões foram norteadas pelos eixos centrais, a saber: a) Pandemia de COVID-19, b) Vigilância em Saúde, c) Saúde Pública e a Atenção Primária, d) Saúde Mental, e) Doenças Crônicas e Doenças Transmissíveis, f) Educação, Formação e Trabalho na Saúde, g) Inovação em Saúde, h) Eixos Transversais. O evento foi criado em 2017 e nesta edição alcançamos pelo menos 10 estados brasileiros em participação direta, palestrantes, convidados, além dos conferencistas internacionais on-line. Esta diversidade aliada a qualidade dos trabalhos apresentados, contribuiu de forma decisiva para o alcance dos objetivos do congresso que primam pela qualificação do ensino na saúde de acadêmicos e pósgraduandos, pelo fortalecimento das práticas profissionais nos serviços de saúde, e pelo incentivo à produção científica. A programação do evento foi composta por palestras nacionais e internacionais, mesas multidisciplinares, cursos livres, seminários, rodas de conversas, encontros e sessões de trabalhos com apresentações nas modalidades: Comunicações Orais e Pôsteres; e com publicação das pesquisas científicas nos Anais do congresso. O evento contou com 692 inscritos, e destes 42 foram palestrantes que abrilhantaram a programação do congresso. Recebemos 746 resumos para avaliação, e foram apresentados presencialmente 536 trabalhos, sendo 42 premiados com menção honrosa. O evento foi idealizado pela Sociedade Delta Científica e SBCSaúde, teve o apoio do SESC-PI e da Doity, além do apoio científico da FIOCRUZ Piauí, da Editora Pasteur, dos núcleos de pesquisa NUPCelt/UFPI, NAPsiTO/UFPI/UFDPar e NPPM/UFPI; e dos programas de residência multiprofissional RMSFC/UESPI e PRMSF/UFPI/UFDPar. O evento também contou com a parceria de empresas patrocinadoras e expositoras, que tiveram da Comissão Organizadora reciprocidade em suas demandas, a saber: Instituto UniEducacional, WM Saúde e The Nutri Store/PACCO.</jats:p

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data

Elective Cancer Surgery in COVID-19–Free Surgical Pathways During the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic: An International, Multicenter, Comparative Cohort Study

PURPOSEAs cancer surgery restarts after the first COVID-19 wave, health care providers urgently require data to determine where elective surgery is best performed. This study aimed to determine whether COVID-19–free surgical pathways were associated with lower postoperative pulmonary complication rates compared with hospitals with no defined pathway.PATIENTS AND METHODSThis international, multicenter cohort study included patients who underwent elective surgery for 10 solid cancer types without preoperative suspicion of SARS-CoV-2. Participating hospitals included patients from local emergence of SARS-CoV-2 until April 19, 2020. At the time of surgery, hospitals were defined as having a COVID-19–free surgical pathway (complete segregation of the operating theater, critical care, and inpatient ward areas) or no defined pathway (incomplete or no segregation, areas shared with patients with COVID-19). The primary outcome was 30-day postoperative pulmonary complications (pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, unexpected ventilation).RESULTSOf 9,171 patients from 447 hospitals in 55 countries, 2,481 were operated on in COVID-19–free surgical pathways. Patients who underwent surgery within COVID-19–free surgical pathways were younger with fewer comorbidities than those in hospitals with no defined pathway but with similar proportions of major surgery. After adjustment, pulmonary complication rates were lower with COVID-19–free surgical pathways (2.2% v 4.9%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.62; 95% CI, 0.44 to 0.86). This was consistent in sensitivity analyses for low-risk patients (American Society of Anesthesiologists grade 1/2), propensity score–matched models, and patients with negative SARS-CoV-2 preoperative tests. The postoperative SARS-CoV-2 infection rate was also lower in COVID-19–free surgical pathways (2.1% v 3.6%; aOR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.36 to 0.76).CONCLUSIONWithin available resources, dedicated COVID-19–free surgical pathways should be established to provide safe elective cancer surgery during current and before future SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks.</jats:sec