Managing Risk in Agriculture under Drought Situation in Uttar Pradesh: A Case Study

From a case study under the village level study (VLS), it has been found that in the drought agriculture year 2002-03, the farmers of Uttar Pradesh followed their best choice and own outlook for risk aversion and invariably preferred those crops and techniques which involved damage control and low investment and provided insurance against loss. The water harvesting for irrigation, intercropping, growing of low-value crops, high concentration for fodder and grain rather than grain alone, and preferential low-use of monetary inputs are some of the means commonly used by the farmers during droughts. It has been concluded that rainfall probability analyses would be a component of agricultural managing/ reducing risk while large area of the Indo-Gagetic plains is falling in the state. The major weakness in generating this type of information and analysis is that it provides no specific information about the upcoming season with which the farmer must deal. Some suggestions have been given to mitigate risk in agriculture. Need has been pointed out for preparing a draught vulnerability index for different districts. It has been realized that the IMD’s monsoon forecast methodology needs some serious re-thinking. The intensive climate information /farmer interface intensification of watershed programme; tighter agriculture risk management, and sustained crop diversification will have to be considered. It has been suggested that the preparedness measures can be taken by two different agencies: the assisting agency, and the drought-prone areas themselves. Drawing on field information assembled from drought relief performance, state government may develop a way of drawing inference from experience. A particular activity in drought situation should be analyzed and assessed by degree of success, with the region given for the results. These judgments may be recorded and filed in a retrieval system called ‘lessons learnt’; which could be used as a useful reference source in deciding such question as what quantities are required to care for a particular number of people under a particular kind of environment or situation. The contingency plan for drinking water, irrigation water, food security, cropping system, drought warning system and research on drought- resistant varieties of crops may be updated.Agricultural and Food Policy,

Correlation of Pap smear and visual inspection with acetic acid for screening of premalignant and malignant lesion of cervix

Background: Cervical cancer still remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among women worldwide. Despite attempts to increase screening over the past several decades, incidence and mortality rates of cancer cervix have not shown substantial reduction. The conventional method of screening by cervical cytology/pap smear has failed to reduce the disease burden due to lack of patient compliance for repeated testing and a relatively sophisticated infrastructure. Therefore, alternative methods such as visual inspection after application of acetic acid (VIA), visual inspection with Lugol's Iodine (VILI) and human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA testing have been developed. The aim of present study was to compare Pap smear and VIA and evaluate their usefulness as tools for screening of premalignant and malignant lesions of cervix.Methods: This was a crossectional study over 5 months from 1 Jan 2015 to 31 may 2015 in which 212 patients attending the obstetrics and gynecology department, BHU were enrolled. Pap smear was taken followed by VIA. Pap smears were sent to pathology department, BHU where they were reported as per Bethesda System, 2001. Cervical biopsies were done in positive cases. Data obtained and statistically analyzed.Results: The present study was conducted over a period of 6 months among 212 patients age of 18-60 years screened. Positive results obtained from cytology were 26, VIA was positive in 28 women. Cervical biopsy was done in 34 women who had positive results by either test. Histology in 31 cases was suggestive of cervical intraepithelial carcinoma (CIN).Conclusions: VIA, though less specific has comparable sensitivity to Pap smear and may be used as a primary screening tool for cervical cancer. In combination both the tests have a higher predictive accuracy.

Dairy Waste Utilization Management Tool

Quick tests enabling rapid, on‑farm assessment of manure nutrient content can significantly enhance manure management practices. Rapid or quick tests are less accurate than standard laboratory analyses but can be useful as a manure utilization tool

Outcome and management of antenatal patients with jaundice in tertiary care centre of eastern India: a retrospective study

Background: Aim of current study was to know the etiological factors of jaundice among pregnant patients, outcome and their management.Methods: A retrospective study done at IMS, BHU in obstetrics and gynecology department among pregnant patients with jaundice admitted in obstetric wards and labour room in six months duration.  Results: Among total 1960 admissions, 78 (3.97%) patients presented with jaundice. Out of all admissions 27 (1.37%) were HBSAg, 8 (0.40%) HEV, 7 (0.35%) HCV, 6 (0.30%) of HBSAg and HEV co-infection, cholestasis with pregnancy 20 (1%) and 10 (0.51%) patients with pre-eclamptic liver disease with HELLP.Conclusions: Jaundice in pregnancy may be lethal to mother and fetus. As the course of disease is also rapid and in short period it may affect the fetus in utero also, early detection and prompt management of these cases should be done.

Larval form of the genus Thubunaea Seurat, 1914 from the body cavity of an insect, Supella sp., at Meerut (U.P.), India

The present communication deals with a larval nematode belonging to the genus Thubunaea Seurat, 1914, from the body cavity of an insect, Supella sp., at Meerut, U.P. Both encysted and free larval stages were recovered. Morphology of the larvae is described in detail

Stress and emotion regulation in resident doctors at a tertiary care hospital of North India

Background: The stress of medical training stems from academic pressure, exhausting work hours and striving for perfectionist standards. The demanding nature also requires involvement with emotionally draining aspects of life (human suffering, death, sexuality and fear). This may impair quality of life of medical students and influence patient care. As a consequence, post graduate medical students can experience an alarming amount of stress-associated anxiety, depression, substance abuse, and even suicide. Chronic stress is also known to influence memory, learning and especially problem-solving abilities which require flexible thinking. The study was carried out to evaluate the relationship of stress to cognitive reappraisal and emotion suppression in post graduate medical students. Methods: 150 post graduate medical students participated in the study. Emotion Regulation Questionnaire and Professional Life Stress Questionnaire were administered on each participant. Data collected was kept confidential. Results were tabulated and statistically analysed.Results: Out of 150 participants, 85 (56.67%) experienced stress. 65 (43.33%) participants had stress in the moderate range, 20 (13.33%) participants had stress in the problematic area for whom remedial action was required. 52% showed high cognitive reappraisal, while 54% showed emotional suppression.Conclusions: The correlation between stress, cognitive reappraisal and between stress, emotion suppression showed weak strengths

To assess the adherence to antiretroviral therapy among HIV positive patients attending ART centres in Haryana and its effect on their quality of life

Background: Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is now considered as a manageable chronic illness with the availability of ART. A high level of adherence (>95%) is required for antiretroviral therapy to be effective. It is a syndrome that builds a vacuum in a person affecting his/her quality of life (QOL) as a whole. Aim& Objective: The aim of our study was to determine adherence and its effect on their quality of life among HIV/AIDS patients attending FIART (Facility Integrated Anti-retroviral therapy) clinic. Materials and Methods: Using a cross-sectional study design,  257 HIV positive patients receiving antiretroviral therapy at Facility integrated anti-retroviral therapy centre Ambala Haryana. QOL of patients taking ART was assessed using WHO-QOL-BREF questionnaire.  Results: Of 257 participants, 88.3% were found to be adherent, adherent to ART therapy and ambulatory had better QOL (p < 0.05) than their counterparts from other socio-clinical strata. Mean scores of physical (70.89±7.384), psychological (47.37±9.174), social (51.97±11.119) & environmental domains (52.33±9.081), were having highest in patients those who were adherent (adherence rate >95%) to ART therapy. Conclusion: Adherence to antiretroviral therapy in Haryana India is suboptimal. Intensive adherence counselling should be provided to all patients before initiation of antiretroviral therapy and on every visit to FIART centre

To Proposed a Novel Technique to Remove Effective Collision by Clock Synchronization in Wireless Sensor Network

In wireless communication system, group of nodes forms wireless sensor network (WSN). During communication these nodes makes a suitable path for transferring the information. Size of WSN depends on the type and quality of service, the service coverage area, and the scalability of the service. Data centric, hierarchical routing and location based routing protocols are used in the wireless communication. These routing protocols utilizes diverse amount of energies. The consumption of energy is the major concern in WSN. The energy must be quantized for computational purposes. Giving greater probability to nodes with more energy, to be taken as cluster head, helps in better distribution of energy and more reliable message transmission. Apart from communication, lot of energy is consumed in synchronizing the WSN. In general, WSN has no central controller. In this work initially the cluster heads are chosen by election algorithm for each cluster then diffusion based technique is applied to synchronize cluster head clock. Results shows the synchronized cluster head can reduce the energy consumption, packet loss while increase the throughput

Redescription of Steinernema scapterisci Nguyen and Smart, 1990: (Steinernematidae)

Present communication deals with redescription of the insect parasitic nematode, Steinernema scapterisci Nguyen and Smart, 1990, collected from the mole cricket, Gryllotalpa africana at Khurja, district (U.P.). The original description suffers from some morphological variations in the testis, tail and vulvular region