Samba, a voz do morro: A história do Brasil do inicio do século XX sob o ponto de vista dos excluídos

Samba, ritmo brasileiro nascido no meio da pobreza e da exclusão do Rio de Janeiro do início do século XX. Junto com o negro, foi reprimido e excluído pelo novo Brasil República. Começou-se então a retratar a realidade social da época, por meio do samba. Política, costumes, economia, sociedade e tudo que fosse possível ser, por meio do ritmo, transformado em crônica musical. Com isso, o samba ganha reconhecimento internacional e se torna orgulho e maior representante da brasilidade

Benefits of Assistive Technology for Children with Monoplegic Motor Disabilities

The benefits of Assistive technology involve assistance techniques where it presents resources to help people with disabilities, so our target audience are children with monoplegia motor disabilities, that is, the individual cannot move a limb, it was hand chosen as the focus of the problem to solve the handicapped condition.  The objective is to point out techniques in assistive technology to improve the lives of children with monoplegic motor disabilities, through a procedure of a tool called Neomano Glove, demonstrating its benefits, and a comparison of another hand rehabilitation glove is also made, showing the superiority and motivation of using the Neomano Glove capable of solving and facilitating children\u27s lives.  However, the methodology used was the bibliographic research accompanied by two types of research, quantitative and qualitative, so the neomano glove is very effective, as several users have already tested and approved its use, but the equipment can still be improved, as the accessory can evolve to help the hearing impaired communicate Libras

Uso de português estruturado no ensino de alunos de computação com geração automatizada de códigos em linguagem Python / Use of structured portuguese in teaching computer science students with automated code generation in Python language

O compilador MACP apresenta uma proposta de ensino para alunos de programação através do uso do Português Estruturado (Portugol). Uma das barreiras do ensino da programação está na dificuldade de compreensão da língua inglesa. O uso do português estruturado permite ao aluno entender algoritmos de forma simples e intuitiva independente da linguagem. Com o MACP temos a possibilidade da criação de algoritmos em Portugol e a possibilidade da visualização dele nas estruturas de outras linguagens. Está presente no compilador analisadores léxico e sintático para a conversão do Portugol para as linguagens C, C++, Pascal, Java. Em proposta, será implementado neste projeto o conversor do Portugol para a linguagem Python, fazendo um estudo de sua gramática e criando analisadores léxicos e sintáticos para os próprios padrões desta linguagem. Python é uma linguagem de alto nível que segue ganhando espaço como uma das linguagens mais populares do mundo. O Python tem forte presença em diversas empresas, como Google, Dropbox e Instagram, além de ser uma das ferramentas preferidas de cientistas, matemáticos e outros pesquisadores para analisar dados. Deixando assim o MACP atualizado com as linguagens de programação principais da atualidade

Comparison of temporal and spatial variation of periphytic algal community in two urban lakes in Umuarama-PR (Brazil)

Water resources are very important for all living organisms, and as being of vital importance need to be preserved. Thus, many water bodies are monitored as an essential strategy for identification of possible alterations over space and time. The analyses were performed in two different hydrological conditions, and water sample and rocks were collected in two different points at each lake. The results showed higher values of Ammoniacal Nitrogen in Aratimbó Lake, mainly during dry period (Ammoniacal Nitrogen = 4.2 mgL-1) at P1. However, P2 at Tucuruvi Lake presented higher concentration of Orthophosphate (2.24 mgL-1). Total Periphyton density also demonstrated variation among the different hydrological scenarios and lakes. The Highest density was of 385.30 10³ ind.cm-2at Aratimbó Lake and 180.43 10³ ind.cm-2at Tucuruvi Lake in rainy condition. Comparing the predominance of species, In Aratimbó Lake, Chlorophyceae class was predominant at P1, while Cyanophyceae class was predominant at P2. In dry period, Bacillarophyceae class was seen as the predominant class for both of lakes and for all sampling points. Differently from Aratimbó Lake, in Tucuruvi Lake Bacillarophyceae class was predominant in both of hydrological scenarios

Caffeine supplementation can make runners run firther and improve pace strategy

A suplementação de cafeína pode fazer corredores correrem mais e melhorar estratégia de ritmoA cafeína pode estimular o sistema nervoso central e aumentar a tolerância ao exercício por meio de mudanças na percepção subjetiva de esforço (PSE), isso pode mudar a estratégia de ritmo (ER) durante uma corrida. Nosso objetivo foi verificar se a suplementação de cafeína promove mudanças na ER durante um teste de corrida de laboratório (TCL). De modo duplo-cego, cruzado, randomizado e contrabalançado, quinze homens saudáveis (idade: 24 ± 4,4 anos, VO2max. 53 ± 5 ml.Kg-1.min-1) ingeriram 6 mg/kg-1 de cafeína ou placebo, 60 minutos antes do TCL. O TCL consistiu de séries de três minutos (velocidade fixada à 1 km/h acima do “Onset Blood Lactate Accumulationâ€) até fadiga volicional; O Intervalo de Tempo de Descanso (ITD) entre as séries foi escolhido pelos participantes no primeiro teste (entre 30 a 60s). PSE, frequência cardíaca (FC) e lactato ([La]p) foram coletados em repouso, imediatamente após cada série e ao final do teste. O tempo de exaustão foi maior na situação cafeína (p= 0,014); o ITD foi significativamente menor na situação cafeína (p= 0,048), isso fez diminuir significativamente o tempo para realizar uma mesma distância (p= 0,034). A FC e [La]p foram semelhantes para ambas as condições (p= 0,252, p= 0,129, respectivamente). Apesar da semelhança da PSE ao longo do teste (p= 0,380), na situação cafeína não houve um aumento abrupto ao longo do teste como ocorreu na situação placebo. A suplementação de cafeína pode influenciar positivamente a ER durante uma corrida, além de aumentar a capacidade de correr mais (no mesmo evento). ABSTRACTCaffeine supplementation can make runners run firther and improve pace strategyCaffeine can stimulate the central nervous system and thus increase exercise tolerance throughout rating perceived exertion (RPE) changes and it can change the pace strategy (PS) during a physical task.  The aim of this study was to check if caffeine supplementation might promote changes in PS during a laboratory run test (LRT). In a double-blind, crossover, randomized and counterbalanced fashion, fifteen healthy-male (age: 24 ± 4.4 years; VO2max. 53 ± 5 ml.Kg-1.min-1) ingested 6 mg•kg-1 of CAF or placebo supplementation, 60 minutes before the LRT. The LRT was three-minutes sets (at fixed speed, 1 km/h above Onset Blood Lactate Accumulation) until volitional exhaustion; Rest Time Interval (RTI) between sets were chosen by the participants in the first test (ranging from 30 to 60s). RPE, Heart Rate (HR) and blood plasma lactate concentration ([La]p) were collected at rest, immediately after each set and at the end of test. Time to exhaustion was higher for CAF (p= 0.014).  RTI between sets was significantly lower in caffeine (p= 0.048) and this decreased significantly the time to perform a same distance (p= 0.034). Overall HR and [La]p was similar for both conditions (p= 0.252, p= 0.129, respectively). Despite similar overall RPE throughout test (p= 0.380), in caffeine, there was not a RPE abrupt increase similar to placebo.  Caffeine supplementation can positively influence running PS (to decrease the RTI required for recovery between moments of high-intensity exercise), as well as, can make an individual run further (in the same event)

High anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody seroconversion rates before the second wave in Manaus, Brazil, and the protective effect of social behaviour measures: results from the prospective DETECTCoV-19 cohort

Background: The city of Manaus, Brazil, has seen two collapses of the health system due to the COVID-19 pandemic. We report anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid IgG antibody seroconversion rates and associated risk factors in Manaus residents before the second wave of the epidemic in Brazil. Methods: A convenience sample of adult (aged ≥18 years) residents of Manaus was recruited through online and university website advertising into the DETECTCoV-19 study cohort. The current analysis of seroconversion included a subgroup of DETECTCoV-19 participants who had at least two serum sample collections separated by at least 4 weeks between Aug 19 and Oct 2, 2020 (visit 1), and Oct 19 and Nov 27, 2020 (visit 2). Those who reported (or had no data on) having a COVID-19 diagnosis before visit 1, and who were positive for anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid IgG antibodies at visit 1 were excluded. Using an in-house ELISA, the reactivity index (RI; calculated as the optical density ratio of the sample to the negative control) for serum anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid IgG antibodies was measured at both visits. We calculated the incidence of seroconversion (defined as RI values ≤1·5 at visit 1 and ≥1·5 at visit 2, and a ratio >2 between the visit 2 and visit 1 RI values) during the study period, as well as incidence rate ratios (IRRs) through cluster-corrected and adjusted Poisson regression models to analyse associations between seroconversion and variables related to sociodemographic characteristics, health access, comorbidities, COVID-19 exposure, protective behaviours, and symptoms. Findings: 2496 DETECTCoV-19 cohort participants returned for a follow-up visit between Oct 19 and Nov 27, 2020, of whom 204 reported having COVID-19 before the first visit and 24 had no data regarding previous disease status. 559 participants were seropositive for anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid IgG antibodies at baseline. Of the remaining 1709 participants who were seronegative at baseline, 71 did not meet the criteria for seroconversion and were excluded from the analyses. Among the remaining 1638 participants who were seronegative at baseline, 214 showed seroconversion at visit 2. The seroconversion incidence was 13·06% (95% CI 11·52–14·79) overall and 6·78% (5·61–8·10) for symptomatic seroconversion, over a median follow-up period of 57 days (IQR 54–61). 48·1% of seroconversion events were estimated to be asymptomatic. The sample had higher proportions of affluent and higher-educated people than those reported for the Manaus city population. In the fully adjusted and corrected model, risk factors for seroconversion before visit 2 were having a COVID-19 case in the household (IRR 1·49 [95% CI 1·21–1·83]), not wearing a mask during contact with a person with COVID-19 (1·25 [1·09–1·45]), relaxation of physical distancing (1·31 [1·05–1·64]), and having flu-like symptoms (1·79 [1·23–2·59]) or a COVID-19 diagnosis (3·57 [2·27–5·63]) between the first and second visits, whereas working remotely was associated with lower incidence (0·74 [0·56–0·97]). Interpretation: An intense infection transmission period preceded the second wave of COVID-19 in Manaus. Several modifiable behaviours increased the risk of seroconversion, including non-compliance with non-pharmaceutical interventions measures such as not wearing a mask during contact, relaxation of protective measures, and non-remote working. Increased testing in high-transmission areas is needed to provide timely information about ongoing transmission and aid appropriate implementation of transmission mitigation measures. Funding: Ministry of Education, Brazil; Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas; Pan American Health Organization (PAHO)/WHO.World Health OrganizationRevisión por pare

A list of land plants of Parque Nacional do Caparaó, Brazil, highlights the presence of sampling gaps within this protected area

Brazilian protected areas are essential for plant conservation in the Atlantic Forest domain, one of the 36 global biodiversity hotspots. A major challenge for improving conservation actions is to know the plant richness, protected by these areas. Online databases offer an accessible way to build plant species lists and to provide relevant information about biodiversity. A list of land plants of “Parque Nacional do Caparaó” (PNC) was previously built using online databases and published on the website "Catálogo de Plantas das Unidades de Conservação do Brasil." Here, we provide and discuss additional information about plant species richness, endemism and conservation in the PNC that could not be included in the List. We documented 1,791 species of land plants as occurring in PNC, of which 63 are cited as threatened (CR, EN or VU) by the Brazilian National Red List, seven as data deficient (DD) and five as priorities for conservation. Fifity-one species were possible new ocurrences for ES and MG states

ATLANTIC EPIPHYTES: a data set of vascular and non-vascular epiphyte plants and lichens from the Atlantic Forest

Epiphytes are hyper-diverse and one of the frequently undervalued life forms in plant surveys and biodiversity inventories. Epiphytes of the Atlantic Forest, one of the most endangered ecosystems in the world, have high endemism and radiated recently in the Pliocene. We aimed to (1) compile an extensive Atlantic Forest data set on vascular, non-vascular plants (including hemiepiphytes), and lichen epiphyte species occurrence and abundance; (2) describe the epiphyte distribution in the Atlantic Forest, in order to indicate future sampling efforts. Our work presents the first epiphyte data set with information on abundance and occurrence of epiphyte phorophyte species. All data compiled here come from three main sources provided by the authors: published sources (comprising peer-reviewed articles, books, and theses), unpublished data, and herbarium data. We compiled a data set composed of 2,095 species, from 89,270 holo/hemiepiphyte records, in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay, recorded from 1824 to early 2018. Most of the records were from qualitative data (occurrence only, 88%), well distributed throughout the Atlantic Forest. For quantitative records, the most common sampling method was individual trees (71%), followed by plot sampling (19%), and transect sampling (10%). Angiosperms (81%) were the most frequently registered group, and Bromeliaceae and Orchidaceae were the families with the greatest number of records (27,272 and 21,945, respectively). Ferns and Lycophytes presented fewer records than Angiosperms, and Polypodiaceae were the most recorded family, and more concentrated in the Southern and Southeastern regions. Data on non-vascular plants and lichens were scarce, with a few disjunct records concentrated in the Northeastern region of the Atlantic Forest. For all non-vascular plant records, Lejeuneaceae, a family of liverworts, was the most recorded family. We hope that our effort to organize scattered epiphyte data help advance the knowledge of epiphyte ecology, as well as our understanding of macroecological and biogeographical patterns in the Atlantic Forest. No copyright restrictions are associated with the data set. Please cite this Ecology Data Paper if the data are used in publication and teaching events. © 2019 The Authors. Ecology © 2019 The Ecological Society of Americ

Does foliar nicotinamide application affect second crop corn (Zea mays)?

The largest corn yeld in Brazil is currently in the second harvest, which is the most susceptible period to climatic adversities occurring during the cycle. Thus, introducing beneficial elements for maintaining the adequate development of the plant can help producers in obtaining greater kernel yields. Among studied elements, nicotinamide has potential use since it is associated with accumulating secondary metabolites and manifesting defence metabolism in plants. The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of nicotinamide applied in different doses (only once or in instalments) on the biometric and productive characteristics of corn. The treatments were composed by the number of nicotinamide applications (one or two) and five doses (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 mg L-1). Plant diameter, plant height, ear insertion height, leaf area and dry matter, yield and 100-kernel mass were evaluated. It was found that doses close to 100 mg L-1 resulted in increases in vegetative and reproductive development, regardless of the number of applications. In this way, foliar nicotinamide application positively influences the biometric and productive characteristics of second crop corn

Mapping Rainfall Variability in the São Francisco River Basin: Insights for Water Resource Management

Abstract The São Francisco River Basin (SFRB) is extremely important for both the local rural and urban population, running through several states and municipalities in Brazil. Thus, the study of the spatial distribution of rainfall in the SFRB, supported by the application of geostatistics, offers valuable insights for water management and planning. In this study, data from 341 rainfall stations were used, corresponding to the period between 1989 and 2018, and monthly accumulated rainfall analyzed. About the trends, positive estimates for latitude, except for April, highlight that the accumulated precipitation decreases from south to north each month. In December, 85.10% of the spatial variability of rainfall was explained by the trend of rainfall concerning geographical coordinates. Concerning spatial dependence, the analyzed data predominantly exhibited the exponential variogram model. The conducted analyses offered a holistic view of rainfall in the region, facilitating the understanding of spatial patterns and shedding light on challenges in the face of climate change. Our research limited on the spatial modeling of rainfall in the SFRB, and future work should include modeling socio-economic and environmental impacts in the region concerning the spatial irregularity of rainfall