Comparison of Dual Frequency Antenna in Ka-Band with and without Shorting pin

Volume 2 Issue 8 (August 2014

Isolation and Chracterization of Ficus bengalensis Linn.

Medicinal herbs have a prominent role in human health care. The imposing banyan tree of poetry and legend is a store-house of invaluable remedies for some of the deadliest diseases. Ficus benghalensis Linn. synonyms being Ficus indica Linn.and Ficus cotonaeifolia belongs to the family Moraceae. Present study include phytochemical screening of Ficus benghalensis evidenced that chloroform fraction of Ficus benghalensis Linn shows comparatively better than aqueous fraction and hydro-alcoholic extract. The isolated phytochemical from chloroform fraction of Ficus benghalensis Linn was found as a white amorphous solid compound with melting point of 169-1700C and responded positively to the Salkowski’s test and Lieberman-Burchard test for steroids and triterpenes. Keywords: Ficus benghalensis, triterpenes, heamoptysi

A brief review of some important medicinal plants used in the treatment of asthma

Asthma is a common disease that is rising in prevalence worldwide with the highest prevalence in industrialized countries. Asthma affects about 300 million people worldwide and it has been estimated that a further 100 million will be affected by 2025. Ayurveda, Siddha, Unani and Folk (Tribal) medicines are the major systems of indigenous medicines. Over three-quarters of the world population relies mainly on plants and plant extracts for health care. Unlike many diseases, which can be attributed to the life style of modern man, asthma is an ancient illness. There are number of medicinal plants have been reported for antihistaminic/anti-asthmatic activities like Achyranthes aspera, Tephrosia purpurea, Dolichos lablab, Eclipta alba, Jasminum sambac, Balanites aegyptiaca, Viscum album, Tridex procumbens, Glycyrrhiza glabra and Cassia fistula. Present review is focused on used of medicinal plants for treatment of asthama. It is suggested that formulation and patent of the reported medicinal plants is mandatory for further use against asthma and if possible, clinical trials should be done of these plants for their appropriate use. Keywords: Medicinal plants, Asthma, Mast cells, Antihistaminic

Formulation and evaluation of effervescent tablets: a review

Oral dosage forms are the most popular way of taking medication, despite having some disadvantages compared with other methods like risk of slow absorption of the medicament, which can be overcome by administering the drug in liquid form, therefore, possibly allowing the use of a lower dosage. However, instability of many drugs in liquid dosage form limits its use. Effervescent technique can be used as alternate to develop a dosage form which can accelerate drug disintegration and dissolution, is usually applied in quick release preparations. Along with the development of new pharmaceutical technique, effervescent tablet are more and more extensively to adjust the behaviour of drug release, such as in sustained and controlled release preparations, pulsatile drug delivery systems, and so on. This review demonstrated the new applying of effervescent technique in effervescent tablets. Keywords: Effervescent Tablet, Sustained release, Floating Delivery Syste

Alteration in haematological and biochemical parameters of Catla catla exposed to sub-lethal concentration of cypermethrin

A 60-day experiment was carried out to study the effect of sub-lethal concentration of cypermethrin (1/10th of LC50) exposure on haematological and biochemical parameters of the Indian major carp, Catla catla fingerlings. Under exposure, the total erythrocyte count, total leucocyte count, haemoglobin content and haematocrit were decreased. All the studied serum parameters viz. total serum protein, albumin, globulin contents and albumin–globulin ratio were significantly decreased in cypermethrin-exposed fishes. A marked increase was recorded in alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activities in liver, whereas lactate dehydrogenase activity of muscle and acetylcholine esterase activity in brain were inhibited in cypermethrin-exposed fish. The membrane transport enzymes (total adenosine triphosphatase, sodium–potassium adenosine triphosphatase and magnesium adenosine triphosphatase) activities were decreased significantly in the gills of C. catla exposed to sub-lethal concentration of cypermethrin. The present study indicates that sub-lethal exposure of C. catla fingerlings to cypermethrin alters the haematological and biochemical parameters

A preoperative predictive tool to assess the need for staging laparoscopy in oesophagogastric cancer patients

INTRODUCTION: Staging laparoscopy (SL) has become commonplace in the preoperative staging pathway for oesophagogastric (OG) cancer. SL is often performed before curative treatment to examine for macroscopic peritoneal metastases (PM) or positive peritoneal cytology (PPC). The aim of this study was to develop an objective risk scoring system to predict both PM and PPC at SL.METHODS: A prospectively collected and maintained database of all OG cancer patients treated between 2006 and 2020 was reviewed. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify risk factors for both PM and PPC at SL. A risk score was produced for both PM and PPC, and then validated internally.RESULTS: Among 968 patients who underwent SL, 96 (9.9%) had PM and 81 (8.4%) had PPC at SL. Tumour site ( p &lt; 0.001), computed tomography (CT) T stage ( p &lt; 0.001) and N stage ( p = 0.029) were significantly associated with PM at SL ( p &lt; 0.001). Tumour site ( p &lt; 0.001), biopsy histology ( p = 0.041), CT T stage ( p &lt; 0.001) and N stage ( p &lt; 0.001) were significantly associated with PPC. The risk scoring model for PM included cancer site and CT T stage. This was successfully tested on the validation set (area under the receiver operating characteristic [AUROC] = 0.730). The risk scoring model for PPC included cancer site, CT T and N stage. This was successfully tested on the validation set (AUROC = 0.773). CONCLUSIONS: The current risk scores are valid tools with which to predict the risk PM and PPC in patients undergoing SL for OG cancer and may help to avoid subjecting patients to unnecessary SL.</p

Adjuvant drugs for peripheral nerve blocks: The role of alpha-2 agonists, dexamethasone, midazolam, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

Adjuvant drugs for peripheral nerve blocks are a promising solution to acute postoperative pain and the transition to chronic pain treatment. Peripheral nerve blocks (PNB) are used in the brachial plexus, lumbar plexus, femoral nerve, sciatic nerve, and many other anatomic locations for site-specific pain relief. However, the duration of action of a PNB is limited without an adjuvant drug. The use of non-opioid adjuvant drugs for single-shot peripheral nerve blocks (sPNB), such as alpha-2 agonists, dexamethasone, midazolam, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, can extend the duration of local anesthetics and reduce the dose-dependent adverse effects of local anesthetics. Tramadol is a weak opioid that acts as a central analgesic. It can block voltage-dependent sodium and potassium channels, cause serotonin release, and inhibit norepinephrine reuptake and can also be used as an adjuvant in PNBs. However, tramadol’s effectiveness and safety as an adjuvant to local anesthetic for PNB are inconsistent. The effects of the adjuvants on neurotoxicity must be further evaluated with further studies to delineate the safety in their use in PNB. Further research needs to be done. However, the use of adjuvants in PNB can be a way to help control postoperative pain

Prevalence of hepatic iron overload and association with hepatocellular cancer in end-stage liver disease: results from the National Hemochromatosis Transplant Registry

Background : It is unclear whether mild to moderate iron overload in liver diseases other than hereditary haemochromatosis (HH) contributes to hepatocellular carcinoma. This study examined the association between hepatic iron grade and hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with end-stage liver disease of diverse aetiologies. Methods : The prevalence of hepatic iron overload and hepatocellular carcinoma was examined in 5224 patients undergoing liver transplantation. Explant pathology reports were reviewed for the underlying pathological diagnosis, presence of hepatocellular carcinoma and degree of iron staining. The distribution of categorical variables was studied using Χ 2 tests. Results : Both iron overload and hepatocellular carcinoma were the least common with biliary cirrhosis (1.8 and 2.8% respectively). Hepatocellular carcinoma was the most common in patients with hepatitis B (16.7%), followed by those with hepatitis C (15.1%) and HH (14.9%). In the overall cohort, any iron overload was significantly associated with hepatocellular carcinoma ( P =0.001), even after adjustment for the underlying aetiology of liver disease. The association between hepatic iron content and hepatocellular carcinoma was the strongest in patients with biliary cirrhosis ( P <0.001) and hepatitis C ( P <0.001). Conclusions : Iron overload is associated with hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with end-stage liver disease, suggesting a possible carcinogenic or cocarcinogenic role for iron in chronic liver disease.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/75573/1/j.1478-3231.2007.01596.x.pd

Tuberculosis notification in a private tertiary care teaching hospital in South India: a mixed-methods study

From BMJ via Jisc Publications RouterHistory: received 2018-05-08, rev-recd 2018-10-31, accepted 2018-11-05, ppub 2019-02, epub 2019-02-05Publication status: PublishedFunder: Swedish Research CouncilFunder: Department for International Development, FundRef: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000278Funder: Welcome trust/ DBT AllianceFunder: La Fondation Veuve Emile Metz-Tesch, LuxumbergObjectives India contributes approximately 25% of the ‘missing’ cases of tuberculosis (TB) globally. Even though ~50% of patients with TB are diagnosed and treated within India’s private sector, few are notified to the public healthcare system. India’s TB notification policy mandates that all patients with TB are notified through Nikshay (TB notification portal). We undertook this study in a private hospital to assess the proportion notified and factors affecting TB notifications. We explored barriers and probable solutions to TB notification qualitatively from health provider’s perspective. Study setting Private, tertiary care, teaching hospital in Bengaluru, South India. Methodology This was a mixed-methods study. Quantitative component comprised a retrospective review of hospital records between 1 January 2015 and 31 December 2017 to determine TB notifications. The qualitative component comprised key informant interviews and focus groups to elicit the barriers and facilitators of TB notification. Results Of 3820 patients diagnosed and treated, 885 (23.2%) were notified. Notifications of sputum smear-positive patients were significantly more likely, while notifications of children were less likely. Qualitative analysis yielded themes reflecting the barriers to TB notification and their solutions. Themes related to barriers were: (1) basic diagnostic procedures and treatment promote notification; (2) misconceptions regarding notification and its process are common among healthcare providers; (3) despite a national notification system other factors have prevented notification of all patients; and (4) establishing hospital systems for notification will go a long way in improving notifications. Conclusions The proportion of patients with TB notified by the hospital was low. A comprehensive approach both by the hospital management and the national TB programme is necessary for improving notification. This includes improving awareness among healthcare providers about the requirement for TB notifications, establishing a single notification portal in hospital, digitally linking hospital records to Nikshay and designating one person to be responsible for notification

Cleidocranial dysplasia presenting with retained deciduous teeth in a 15-year-old girl: a case report

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>Cleidocranial dysplasia is a rare congenital defect of autosomal dominant inheritance caused by mutations in the <it>Cbfa1 </it>gene, also called <it>Runx2</it>, located on the short arm of chromosome 6. It primarily affects bones which undergo intramembranous ossification. This condition is of clinical significance to dentistry due to the involvement of the facial bones, altered eruption patterns and multiple supernumerary teeth.</p> <p>Case presentation</p> <p>Our patient, a 15-year-old Indian girl, presented with the typical features of prolonged retention of deciduous dentition and delayed eruption of permanent teeth, that is, mandibular prognathism along with other skeletal abnormalities like shrugged shoulder and the absence of clavicles. A multidisciplinary approach was followed, comprising orthodontic, surgical and pedodontic teams for management.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Successful treatment of such a case lies in a holistic approach that takes care of all aspects, including the primary pathology, the deformity itself and even the psychological angle.</p