The right to shine: Poverty, consumption and (de) politicization in neoliberal Brazil

This article discusses the political impacts on the poor’s subjectivity provoked by neoliberal policies such as inclusion through consumption in 21st century Brazil. From 2009 to 2014, we carried out ethnographic research with new consumers in a low-income neighbourhood – Morro da Cruz – in the city of Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul. We argue that consumption does not necessarily depoliticize human experience, as it is broadly assumed to have done in the scholarly literature on neoliberalism. In a society in which the poor has obtained goods through hierarchical and servile relationships, the possibility of buying things provides a micro sphere for recognition, though not in terms of classic collective action or even hidden subversion. Coupled with the momentum towards a national ‘economic emergence’, status goods became vehicles of an emergent subjectivity, which we conceptualize as ‘the right to shine’. The right to shine are subtle forms of class and racial self-worth, and individual and interpersonal empowerment that revealed interclass defiance.Within journal option online first. To check in 6 m for citing and date detail

From hope to hate:He rise of conservative subjectivity in brazil

This essay focuses on the voters of Brazil’s President Jair Bolsonaro in Morro da Cruz, a low-income community in Porto Alegre. The transition from Lulism (2002–16) to Bolsonarism (2018–) was marked by the rise and fall of the economy and the collapse of the political system. Based on a ten-year longitudinal ethnography, we look at the effects of such major shifts at the national level on people’s individual self- and political subjectivity. We investigate how and why “new consumers”—those who accessed the finance system during the Workers’ Party (PT) Administration—came to support a far-right candidate. We argue that the inclusion of the poor into the market economy brought about individual empowerment and a sense of self-worth in the PT era—a process that was threatened by economic recession and unleashed an existential crisis, especially among men. Bolsonaro, as a male figure, and his campaign gave order to a changing world, resulting in a reconciliation of personhood and political belonging

Rolezinhos: Marcas, consumo e segregação no Brasil

In the beginning of 2014, the phenomenon known as rolezinho (literately little roll) gained widespread national and international visibility. Teenagers from peripheries gather in large numbers to walk (give a 'rolé') and have fun in the shopping center of their cities. The event provoked costumers’ apprehension and some malls gained the right to prohibit the event, closing the doors to the teenagers. Since then, it has emerged a broad debate about segregation in Brazilian society. Based on an ethnographic research on young people’s consumption in the periphery of the city of Porto Alegre, Brazil, the article analyzes the phenomenon of rolezinhos addressing their local, national and global dimensions. Taking into account the current Brazilian moment, which is marked by both the public social policies for social inclusion via consumption, as well as a wave of social protests, we argue that rolezinhos are changing their very nature and promoting different ways to discuss and make everyday politics at the heart of a segregated society.No início de 2014, o fenômeno conhecido como rolezinho ganhou ampla visibilidade nacional e internacional. Trata-se de adolescentes das periferias urbanas que se reúnem em grande número para passear nos shopping centers de suas cidades. O evento causou apreensão nos frequentadores e fez com que alguns proprietários dos estabelecimentos conseguissem o direito na justiça de proibir a realização dos rolezinhos, barrando o acesso dos jovens. Desde então, emergiu um amplo debate sobre segregação na sociedade brasileira. Com base em uma pesquisa etnográfica sobre consumo popular com jovens da periferia de Porto Alegre, o artigo analisa o fenômeno dos rolezinhos, abordando suas dimensões locais, nacionais e globais. Levando em consideração o atual momento brasileiro, que versa sobre políticas de ascensão social via consumo e sobre uma onda de protestos de inquietação social, argumentamos que os rolezinhos estão se modificando e encontrando diversas formas de discutir e realizar política cotidiana no âmago de uma sociedade segregada

Os sentidos do real e do falso: o consumo popular em perspectiva etnográfica

Based on two ethnographies among low income groups in the city of Porto Alegre, we deal with the issue of consumption in a national context which suggests the rising participation of lower classes in the market. We focus our analyses on the choices between genuine or fake goods. Trying to avoid prejudices surrounding the field of popular consumption, as well as the practical reason commonly tied to this issue, the ethnographies seek to understand the meanings of such goods in a given affective network. Our goal is not to build a closed model about consumption among lower classes, but mainly to show the multiple meanings which are involved at the moment of the choice between genuine and fake goods. This choice is an act that negotiates and balances, in a relational scope, cost-benefit ratio, symbolic and practical reasons, money and love, long term and ephemeral duration.A partir de duas etnografias entre grupos populares em Porto Alegre, problematizamos a questão do consumo, em face de um contexto nacional que aponta para a ascensão da participação dos setores de baixa renda no mercado. O enfoque da nossa análise recai na escolha entre bens originais e falsificados. Procurando se afastar dos preconceitos que rodeiam o campo do consumo popular, bem como da razão prática atrelada a esse tema, a etnografia busca o entendimento do significado que tais bens assumem quando circulam em uma determinada rede de afetividade. Nosso propósito não é construir "um" modelo fechado acerca do gosto e estilo de vida dos grupos populares, mas relatar a polissemia de significados que está presente do momento da escolha entre o produto original e o falso - ato que negocia e equilibra, em um escopo relacional, custo-benefício, razões práticas e simbólicas, dinheiro e amor, efemeridade e duração

Serum neuron-specific enolase as early predictor of outcome after in-hospital cardiac arrest: a cohort study

INTRODUCTION: Outcome after cardiac arrest is mostly determined by the degree of hypoxic brain damage. Patients recovering from cardiopulmonary resuscitation are at great risk of subsequent death or severe neurological damage, including persistent vegetative state. The early definition of prognosis for these patients has ethical and economic implications. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the prognostic value of serum neuron-specific enolase (NSE) in predicting outcomes in patients early after in-hospital cardiac arrest. METHODS: Forty-five patients resuscitated from in-hospital cardiac arrest were prospectively studied from June 2003 to January 2005. Blood samples were collected, at any time between 12 and 36 hours after the arrest, for NSE measurement. Outcome was evaluated 6 months later with the Glasgow outcome scale (GOS). Patients were divided into two groups: group 1 (unfavorable outcome) included GOS 1 and 2 patients; group 2 (favorable outcome) included GOS 3, 4 and 5 patients. The Mann–Whitney U test, Student's t test and Fisher's exact test were used to compare the groups. RESULTS: The Glasgow coma scale scores were 6.1 ± 3 in group 1 and 12.1 ± 3 in group 2 (means ± SD; p < 0.001). The mean time to NSE sampling was 20.2 ± 8.3 hours in group 1 and 28.4 ± 8.7 hours in group 2 (p = 0.013). Two patients were excluded from the analysis because of sample hemolysis. At 6 months, favorable outcome was observed in nine patients (19.6%). Thirty patients (69.8%) died and four (9.3%) remained in a persistent vegetative state. The 34 patients (81.4%) in group 1 had significantly higher NSE levels (median 44.24 ng/ml, range 8.1 to 370) than those in group 2 (25.26 ng/ml, range 9.28 to 55.41; p = 0.034). CONCLUSION: Early determination of serum NSE levels is a valuable ancillary method for assessing outcome after in-hospital cardiac arrest