Käytännöllisen tiedon luonne

The author begins by referring to the classical definition of knowledge and finds it too restricted for defining all knowledge. A more extensive concept of knowledge is needed in practical fields. Practical knowledge has in the history of philosophy been dealt with by Platon, Aristotle, Vico and Kant to name a few. Practical educational knowledge is defined as extensive social and moral knowledge which includes technical skill. This definition is based on education as a moral form of life. Practical knowledge is organized into action formulas and traditions and it makes itself apparent as an adequate activity.Artikkeli lähtee klassisesta tiedon määritelmästä, joka todetaan liian suppeaksi määrittelemään kaikkea tietoa. Käytännöllisillä aloilla tarvitaan laajempaa tietokäsitettä. Filosofian historiassa käytännöllistä tietoa ovat analysoineet mm. Platon, Aristoteles, Vico ja Kant. Käytännöllinen kasvatustieto määritellään laajaksi yhteiskunnalliseksi ja moraaliseksi tiedoksi, johon sisältyy tekninen taito. Määritelmä pohjautuu näkemykseen kasvatuksesta moraalisena elämänmuotona. Käytännöllinen tieto on organisoitu toimintakaavoihin ja traditioihin ja se ilmenee adekvaattina toimintana

Kasvatustoiminta: kommunikatiivista vuorovaikutusta ja luovaa yhteistoimintaa

Artikkelissa kuvataan kasvatusta kommunikatiivisena vuorovaikutuksena, jossa opiskelija kehittyy persoonana ja subjektina. Kasvatus nähdään myös luovana yhteistoimintana, jossa opiskelija ja opettaja yhdistävät voimansa yhteisen tavoitteen saavuttamiseksi. Kasvatusinteraktiossa kehittynyt subjekti osallistuu kulttuurin ja yhteiskunnan luomiseen

Mental, Physical and Social Functioning in Independently Living Senior House Residents and Community-Dwelling Older Adults

Senior houses provide social interaction and support, potentially supporting older people’s physical and mental functioning. Few studies have investigated functioning of senior house residents. The aim was to compare functioning between senior house residents and community-dwelling older adults in Finland. We compared senior house residents (n = 336, 69% women, mean age 83 years) to community-dwelling older adults (n = 1139, 56% women, mean age 74 years). Physical and mental functioning were assessed using the SF 36-Item Health Survey. Loneliness and frequency of social contacts were self-reported. The analyses were adjusted for age, socioeconomic factors and diseases. Physical functioning was lower among men in senior houses compared to community-dwelling men (mean 41.1 vs. 46.4, p = 0.003). Mental functioning or the frequency of social contacts did not differ between type of residence in either sex. Loneliness was higher among women in senior houses compared to community-dwelling women (OR = 1.67, p = 0.027). This was not observed in men. Results suggest that women in senior houses had similar physical and mental functioning compared to community-dwelling women. Male senior house residents had poorer physical functioning compared to community-dwelling men. Women living in senior houses were lonelier than community-dwelling women despite the social environment

Mental, Physical and Social Functioning in Independently Living Senior House Residents and Community-Dwelling Older Adults

Senior houses provide social interaction and support, potentially supporting older people’s physical and mental functioning. Few studies have investigated functioning of senior house residents. The aim was to compare functioning between senior house residents and community-dwelling older adults in Finland. We compared senior house residents (n = 336, 69% women, mean age 83 years) to community-dwelling older adults (n = 1139, 56% women, mean age 74 years). Physical and mental functioning were assessed using the SF 36-Item Health Survey. Loneliness and frequency of social contacts were self-reported. The analyses were adjusted for age, socioeconomic factors and diseases. Physical functioning was lower among men in senior houses compared to community-dwelling men (mean 41.1 vs. 46.4, p = 0.003). Mental functioning or the frequency of social contacts did not differ between type of residence in either sex. Loneliness was higher among women in senior houses compared to community-dwelling women (OR = 1.67, p = 0.027). This was not observed in men. Results suggest that women in senior houses had similar physical and mental functioning compared to community-dwelling women. Male senior house residents had poorer physical functioning compared to community-dwelling men. Women living in senior houses were lonelier than community-dwelling women despite the social environment

Folkhälsans seniorboende och aktivt åldrande : BoAktiv-studien

Syftet med denna enkät-studien är att utreda samband mellan aktivt åldrande, gemenskap och delaktighet hos åldringar som bor i seniorhus. Utöver detta syftar forskningen till att producera beskrivande information om hälsa och välmående hos åldringar i seniorhus. Målgruppen var självständigt boende i Folkhälsans seniorhus. Största delen av respondenterna var över 80 år gamla, kvinnor, svenskspråkiga och bodde ensamma. De mest aktiva seniorerna hade bättre hälsorelaterad livskvalitet samt mindre symptom av depression, och deltog mer i verksamheten i seniorhuset och hade en högre känsla av samhörighet. Respondenternas känsla av samhörighet korrelerade positivt med psykiskt välmående, högre vitalitet och energinivå. Enligt resultaten kan man konstatera att aktivt åldrande, gemenskap och delaktighet är i samband hos invånarna i seniorhus. Det är viktigt att sträva till att öka möjligheterna till att vara aktiv och delaktig i seniorhus, vilket även kan öka känslan av gemenskap. Seniorhus har utmärkta möjligheter att mångsidigt stöda den äldres välmående.Syftet med denna enkätstudie var att utreda sambanden mellan social gemenskap, socialt deltagande och aktivt åldrande bland äldre personer som bor i seniorhus, samt dessa faktorers möjliga samband med hälsorelaterad livskvalitet och depressionssymptom. Syftet var också att framställa beskrivande information om hälsa och välbefinnande hos invånare i seniorhus. Målgruppen var självständigt boende i Folkhälsans seniorhus. Största delen av respondenterna var över 80 år gamla, kvinnor, svenskspråkiga och bodde ensamma. De mest aktiva seniorerna hade bättre hälsorelaterad livskvalitet samt mindre symptom av depression, och deltog mer i verksamheten i seniorhuset och hade en högre känsla av samhörighet. Respondenternas känsla av samhörighet korrelerade positivt med mental hälsa, vitalitet och energinivå. Socialt deltagande hade ett positivt samband med mental hälsa. På basis av resultaten kan man konstatera att det finns ett samband mellan aktivt åldrande, social gemenskap och socialt deltagande bland invånare i seniorhus. Det är viktigt att sträva till att öka möjligheterna till att vara aktiv och delaktig i seniorhus, vilket även kan öka känslan av samhörighet. Seniorhus har utmärkta möjligheter att mångsidigt stöda den äldres välmåendePeer reviewe

Appetite and falls: Old age and lived experiences

Falling among older adults is a well-known public health problem but the association between falling and appetite is seldom studied although poor nutritional status is accepted as a risk factor for falls. On this background the aim of this study was to understand how older adults, who have fallen several times within a year, related their experiences of appetite as a phenomenon in everyday life. In narrative in-depth interviews, eight women and four men contributed with their stories. Using interpretative phenomenology the thematic analysis resulted in three main themes: appetite for food; appetite for social relations and appetite for influence. Eating was not trivial everyday routine and required self-regimentation. Meals were not an object of desire, but of discipline out of the wish to survive. Feelings, reflections and ambivalence were bound to the lack of appetite on food. The participants were oriented towards the forbidden, the delicious and to everyday food as a strengthener and as medicine. In their dependency on help, home was the framework for establishing social relations as means of social support. As well as family and neighbours, the significant others were persons on whom the participants were dependent. Personal relationships and mutual dependencies may ensure social security in lives characterised by contingency and maintain influence in daily life. Falling is both a dramatic and a trivial incident where life and death could be at stake. From this perspective, connectedness was prominent in all fall stories. The quest for influence and a sense of social connectedness was the incentive to re-enter local community arenas and to express solidarity. In health-care practice multi-factorial fall-prevention should be complemented with a multi-dimensional approach in order to balance the medical approach with humanistic and societal approaches towards fall-prevention