Visual Magreb

Memoria ID-130. Ayudas de la Universidad de Salamanca para la innovación docente, curso 2019-2020.[ES]Los alumnos adquirirán conocimientos sobre la geografía, historia, diversidad religiosa y social del Magreb, y competencias tecnológicas mediante el montaje de videos sencillos y el uso de bancos de imágenes, sonidos y contenido multimedia, para desarrollar la comprensión y expresión oral en otros idiomas, especialmente el árab

Gamificación de las competencias comunicativa y sociocultural por medio de la tecnología y la participación activa del alumnado

Memoria ID-087 Ayudas de la Universidad de Salamanca para la innovación docente, curso 2020-2021

Cuéntame: El podcast como herramienta de innovación docente en la enseñanza de lengua y literatura

Memoria ID2022-138 Ayudas de la Universidad de Salamanca para la innovación docente, curso 2022-2023

Improving the deterministic skill of air quality ensembles

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Forecasts from chemical weather models are subject to uncertainties in the input data (e.g. emission inventory, initial and boundary conditions) as well as the model itself (e.g. physical parameterization, chemical mechanism). Multi-model ensemble forecasts can improve the forecast skill provided that certain mathematical conditions are fulfilled. We demonstrate through an intercomparison of two dissimilar air quality ensembles that unconditional raw forecast averaging, although generally successful, is far from optimum. One way to achieve an optimum ensemble is also presented. The basic idea is to either add optimum weights to members or constrain the ensemble to those members that meet certain conditions in time or frequency domain. The methods are evaluated against ground level observations collected from the EMEP and Airbase databases.<br><br> The two ensembles were created for the first and second phase of the Air Quality Model Evaluation International Initiative (AQMEII). Verification statistics shows that the deterministic models simulate better O<sub>3</sub> than NO<sub>2</sub> and PM<sub>10</sub>, linked to different levels of complexity in the represented processes. The ensemble mean achieves higher skill compared to each station's best deterministic model at 39 %–63 % of the sites. The skill gained from the favourable ensemble averaging has at least double the forecast skill compared to using the full ensemble. The method proved robust for the 3-monthly examined time-series if the training phase comprises 60 days. Further development of the method is discussed in the conclusion.</p&gt

Impact of the first wave of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on the outcome of neurosurgical patients: A nationwide study in Spain

Objective To assess the effect of the first wave of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on the outcome of neurosurgical patients in Spain. Settings The initial flood of COVID-19 patients overwhelmed an unprepared healthcare system. Different measures were taken to deal with this overburden. The effect of these measures on neurosurgical patients, as well as the effect of COVID-19 itself, has not been thoroughly studied. Participants This was a multicentre, nationwide, observational retrospective study of patients who underwent any neurosurgical operation from March to July 2020. Interventions An exploratory factorial analysis was performed to select the most relevant variables of the sample. Primary and secondary outcome measures Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify independent predictors of mortality and postoperative SARS-CoV-2 infection. Results Sixteen hospitals registered 1677 operated patients. The overall mortality was 6.4%, and 2.9% (44 patients) suffered a perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection. Of those infections, 24 were diagnosed postoperatively. Age (OR 1.05), perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection (OR 4.7), community COVID-19 incidence (cases/10 5 people/week) (OR 1.006), postoperative neurological worsening (OR 5.9), postoperative need for airway support (OR 5.38), ASA grade =3 (OR 2.5) and preoperative GCS 3-8 (OR 2.82) were independently associated with mortality. For SARS-CoV-2 postoperative infection, screening swab test <72 hours preoperatively (OR 0.76), community COVID-19 incidence (cases/10 5 people/week) (OR 1.011), preoperative cognitive impairment (OR 2.784), postoperative sepsis (OR 3.807) and an absence of postoperative complications (OR 0.188) were independently associated. Conclusions Perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection in neurosurgical patients was associated with an increase in mortality by almost fivefold. Community COVID-19 incidence (cases/10 5 people/week) was a statistically independent predictor of mortality. Trial registration number CEIM 20/217

La ciudad como experiencia de conocimiento: Nuevas metodologías de aprendizaje, iniciación de la investigación y extensión universitaria a partir de la historia urbana

Depto. de GeografíaDepto. de Historia Moderna y ContemporáneaDepto. de Historia del ArteFac. de Geografía e HistoriaFALSEsubmitte

Effectiveness of Fosfomycin for the Treatment of Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli Bacteremic Urinary Tract Infections

IMPORTANCE The consumption of broad-spectrum drugs has increased as a consequence of the spread of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli. Finding alternatives for these infections is critical, for which some neglected drugs may be an option. OBJECTIVE To determine whether fosfomycin is noninferior to ceftriaxone or meropenem in the targeted treatment of bacteremic urinary tract infections (bUTIs) due to MDR E coli. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This multicenter, randomized, pragmatic, open clinical trial was conducted at 22 Spanish hospitals from June 2014 to December 2018. Eligible participants were adult patients with bacteremic urinary tract infections due to MDR E coli; 161 of 1578 screened patients were randomized and followed up for 60 days. Data were analyzed in May 2021. INTERVENTIONS Patients were randomized 1 to 1 to receive intravenous fosfomycin disodium at 4 g every 6 hours (70 participants) or a comparator (ceftriaxone or meropenem if resistant; 73 participants) with the option to switch to oral fosfomycin trometamol for the fosfomycin group or an active oral drug or pa renteral ertapenem for the comparator group after 4 days. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcome was clinical and microbiological cure (CMC) 5 to 7 days after finalization of treatment; a noninferiority margin of 7% was considered. RESULTS Among 143 patients in the modified intention-to-treat population (median [IQR] age, 72 [62-81] years; 73 [51.0%] women), 48 of 70 patients (68.6%) treated with fosfomycin and 57 of 73 patients (78.1%) treated with comparators reached CMC (risk difference, -9.4 percentage points; 1-sided 95% CI, -21.5 to infinity percentage points; P = .10). While clinical or microbiological failure occurred among 10 patients (14.3%) treated with fosfomycin and 14 patients (19.7%) treated with comparators (risk difference, -5.4 percentage points; 1-sided 95% CI. -infinity to 4.9; percentage points; P = .19), an increased rate of adverse event-related discontinuations occurred with fosfomycin vs comparators (6 discontinuations [8.5%] vs 0 discontinuations; P = .006). In an exploratory analysis among a subset of 38 patients who underwent rectal colonization studies, patients treated with fosfomycin acquired a new ceftriaxone-resistant or meropenem-resistant gram-negative bacteria at a decreased rate compared with patients treated with comparators (0 of 21 patients vs 4 of 17 patients [23.5%]; 1-sided P = .01). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This study found that fosfomycin did not demonstrate noninferiority to comparators as targeted treatment of bUTI from MDR E coli; this was due to an increased rate of adverse event-related discontinuations. This finding suggests that fosfomycin may be considered for selected patients with these infections