Relationship between Parental Bonding and Aggression among Medical College Students in Multan

This study aimed to explore the Relationship between Parental Bonding and Aggression among Medical college students. The study was based on correlational research design. The sample of 110 medical students was taken from Nishter Medical College, Multan, through simple random sampling technique. Survey method was used for data collection. The instruments used for data collection included Buss and Perry aggression scale (1992) (BPAQ),The Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI by Gordon Parker, Hilary Tupling, L.B. Brown , 1979 ).The collected data was analyzed through Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS 20).The results revealed a negative correlation between parental bonding and aggression among medical students. Significant gender differences were found in term of parental bonding and aggression. This study can be helpful for parents to identify their bonding with the child and develop new strategies for addressing significant problem. Area of this study was restricted to Multan Nishter College. Future researches can include a large number of participants and also cover large research area for generalizability

Different Umbilical Cord Cutting Techniques Prevailing among Rural Population of District Attock

OBJECTIVES: To study different umbilical cord cutting techniques prevailing among rural population of district Attock. METHODOLOGY: This descriptive cross-sectional study conducted from April - June 2017 in the rural population of district Attock. The sample size was 300 which were selected by non-probability convenient sampling technique. The data was collected over a period of three months using a pre-tested self-structured questionnaire. Informed consent was taken. Data was analyzed in SPSS version 23. RESULTS: A total number of 300 infantswere included in this study. The mean age (in days) ± SD of infants was 14.10±8.96. The mean age (in years) ±SD of mothers was 27.58±3.99. Surgical blade usage for cord cutting was 50%, 48.7% used scissors while 1.3% used knife to cut the umbilical cord after birth. 8.7% mothers applied nothing on the cord for cord care, whereas 30.7% of mothers applied domestic products on the infant’s umbilical cord which included fried onion, garlic, ghee, oil, kohl and turmeric. Chi-Square test revealed that the use of harmful domestic products was highest among the infants who were born at homes (p<0.05). The application of medical or domestic products on the cord was irrespective of infant’s gender and mothers’ educational status. CONCLUSION: This study revealed diversity in methods of cutting and caring the cord after birth among the rural population of district Attock. Most of the participants of this study maintained the good cord care practices; however, there were a significant proportion of participants who followed harmful traditional practices for their infant’s cord care

Effect of early tranexamic acid administration on mortality, hysterectomy, and other morbidities in women with post-partum haemorrhage (WOMAN): an international, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

Background Post-partum haemorrhage is the leading cause of maternal death worldwide. Early administration of tranexamic acid reduces deaths due to bleeding in trauma patients. We aimed to assess the effects of early administration of tranexamic acid on death, hysterectomy, and other relevant outcomes in women with post-partum haemorrhage. Methods In this randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, we recruited women aged 16 years and older with a clinical diagnosis of post-partum haemorrhage after a vaginal birth or caesarean section from 193 hospitals in 21 countries. We randomly assigned women to receive either 1 g intravenous tranexamic acid or matching placebo in addition to usual care. If bleeding continued after 30 min, or stopped and restarted within 24 h of the first dose, a second dose of 1 g of tranexamic acid or placebo could be given. Patients were assigned by selection of a numbered treatment pack from a box containing eight numbered packs that were identical apart from the pack number. Participants, care givers, and those assessing outcomes were masked to allocation. We originally planned to enrol 15 000 women with a composite primary endpoint of death from all-causes or hysterectomy within 42 days of giving birth. However, during the trial it became apparent that the decision to conduct a hysterectomy was often made at the same time as randomisation. Although tranexamic acid could influence the risk of death in these cases, it could not affect the risk of hysterectomy. We therefore increased the sample size from 15 000 to 20 000 women in order to estimate the effect of tranexamic acid on the risk of death from post-partum haemorrhage. All analyses were done on an intention-to-treat basis. This trial is registered with ISRCTN76912190 (Dec 8, 2008); ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00872469; and PACTR201007000192283. Findings Between March, 2010, and April, 2016, 20 060 women were enrolled and randomly assigned to receive tranexamic acid (n=10 051) or placebo (n=10 009), of whom 10 036 and 9985, respectively, were included in the analysis. Death due to bleeding was significantly reduced in women given tranexamic acid (155 [1·5%] of 10 036 patients vs 191 [1·9%] of 9985 in the placebo group, risk ratio [RR] 0·81, 95% CI 0·65–1·00; p=0·045), especially in women given treatment within 3 h of giving birth (89 [1·2%] in the tranexamic acid group vs 127 [1·7%] in the placebo group, RR 0·69, 95% CI 0·52–0·91; p=0·008). All other causes of death did not differ significantly by group. Hysterectomy was not reduced with tranexamic acid (358 [3·6%] patients in the tranexamic acid group vs 351 [3·5%] in the placebo group, RR 1·02, 95% CI 0·88–1·07; p=0·84). The composite primary endpoint of death from all causes or hysterectomy was not reduced with tranexamic acid (534 [5·3%] deaths or hysterectomies in the tranexamic acid group vs 546 [5·5%] in the placebo group, RR 0·97, 95% CI 0·87-1·09; p=0·65). Adverse events (including thromboembolic events) did not differ significantly in the tranexamic acid versus placebo group. Interpretation Tranexamic acid reduces death due to bleeding in women with post-partum haemorrhage with no adverse effects. When used as a treatment for postpartum haemorrhage, tranexamic acid should be given as soon as possible after bleeding onset. Funding London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Pfizer, UK Department of Health, Wellcome Trust, and Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation

Unconventional uses of laser hair removal: A review

Laser hair removal since its availability has been primarily used for aesthetic purposes. Over the years, it has emerged as an important therapeutic modality in various dermatological and surgical disorders, both as an adjuvant and as a monotherapy. Depending on the skin type, all laser hair removal systems have been used with good results and minimal complications. We hereby review the diverse range of unconventional indications of laser hair removal

Linking Ethical Leadership with Employee Work Outcomes: The Moderating Role of Conscientiousness

Ethical leadership continues to receive considerable attention due to its influence on various job outcomes, therefore this study was conducted to examine the effect of ethical leadership on job outcomes (employee wellbeing and worker's voice) and to demonstrate that how good faith direct the relationship between ethical leadership and job outcomes. This study was conducted in the Non-Government organizations in Peshawar. Information was gathered from 180 workers working in 6 diverse NGO’s in Peshawar. Information was gathered through an organized questionnaire and convenience sampling technique was used. The results of this study showed that ethical leadership was positively related to employee well-being and employee voice. The findings of the study show that there is a strong relationship between ethical leadership, employee voice, employee well-being. The main contribution of this study was to find the significant moderating effect of conscientiousness on both dependent variables. The future implication shows that organizations can identify those aspects through which employee work outcome can be improved. The use of ethical leadership strategies can allow managers to build a positive attitude in employees which results in employee well-being

Social Capital as the Determinant of Self efficacy and Academic Performance among University Students

The study aimed to investigate the impact of social capital on self-efficacy and academic performance among university students. The sample size was 130 students from an institute of Southern Punjab, Multan, selected through a simple random sampling technique. The participant was administered social capital questionnaire, self-efficacy formative questionnaire, and academic performance questionnaire to measure their social capital, self-efficacy, and academic performance. The score variations among gender, area of residency, and level of education were measured. Pearson product momentum, linear regression, t-test, and analysis of variance were used to assess the statistical significance of data. It was found there was a significant positive relationship between social capital, self-efficacy, and academic performance. The impact of social capital on self-efficacy and academic performance was also statistically significant (pvalue&lt; 0.05). Moreover, a significant difference was found between gender (male and female students) and area of residency (rural and urban students), which shows female students andurban students have a high score on social capital, self-efficacy, and academic performance as compared to male and rural students. Analysis of variance shows a significant variation on social capital and academic performance, while self-efficacy show insignificant variation concerning different educational level

How effective is autologous serum therapy in chronic autoimmune urticaria

Background: Chronic autoimmune urticaria (CAU) is one of the most challenging therapeutic problems faced by a dermatologist. Recently, weekly autologous serum injections have been shown to induce a prolonged remission in this disease. Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of repeated autologous serum injections in patients with CAU. Materials and Methods: Seventy patients of CAU were prospectively analyzed for the efficacy of nine consecutive weekly autologous serum injections with a post-intervention follow-up of 12 weeks. Total urticaria severity score (TSS) was monitored at the baseline, at the end of treatment and lastly at the end of 12 weeks of follow up. Response to treatment was judged by the percentage reduction in baseline TSS at the end of treatment and again at the end of 12 weeks-follow-up. Results: Out of the 70 patients enrolled, 11 dropped out of the injection treatment after one or the first few doses only. Among the rest of 59 patients, only 7 patients (12%) went into a partial or complete remission and remained so over the follow-up period of 12 weeks. Forty patients (68%) did not demonstrate any significant reduction in TSS at the end of the treatment period. Rest of the 12 patients showed either a good or excellent response while on weekly injection treatment, but all of them relapsed over the follow-up period of 12 weeks. Conclusion: Autologous serum therapy does not seem to lead to any prolonged remission in patients of CAU

Impact of Perceived Organizational Support and Psychological Capital on Organizational Commitment among University’s Employees

The aim of this study was to find out the impact of perceived organizational support and psychological capital on organizational commitment among university’s employees. The target population for this study was the employees of the Muhammad Nawaz Sharif University of Agriculture Multan, Pakistan (MNSUAM). The study was based on a correlational research design, and total of 128 employees were sampled through a simple random sampling technique. Survey method was used for data collection. The instruments used for data collection included the Perceived Organizational Support Scale (POSS) Psychological Capital Questionnaire and Organizational Commitment Questionnaire The data was collected from 128 employees analyzed through Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The results of this study revealed a significant correlation between dependent and independent variables. The regression analysis indicated significant impact of perceived organizational support on organizational commitment. Further, it was also indicated a significant impact of psychological capital on organizational commitment among university employees. No significant gender differences were found in terms of perceived organizational support and psychological capital and organizational commitment. However, the results indicated a difference in Job status in terms of perceived organizational support. The findings of this study suggest a significant role of study variables which would be helpful to conduct future studies in the area of public management, psychology, and more particularly, organizational psychology. Moreover, this study is also useful for designing an encouraging and supportive organizational environment for employees

Linkages between poverty and food insecurity in Pakistan: Evidence from urban and rural households in Peshawar

Objective: To assess household poverty, sanitation and hygiene practices, and food security in both urban and rural settlements of district Peshawar. Methods: We conducted this cross-sectional study from March 2019 to October 2019 in the urban and rural households of Peshawar, KPK. Using stratified random sampling, 554 households (HH) having children and young adolescents of age 5-19 years, adult men > 19 – 62 years, and adult women >19-62 years were included in this study. Data was collected using comprehensive tool comprised of all validated questionnaires and was analyzed using SPSS Version 24.0. Results: Within the urban clusters, the maximum number of households (n=29) were from Gari Baloch and the minimum number of households (n=7) were from Gulberg. In the rural clusters, the maximum number of households surveyed (n=41) were from Lamara, minimum(n=21) was from Chargula. The average age of household heads was 44.5 ±12.5 with mean age slightly higher in urban areas (45.1 ±11.8) compared to 44.0 ±13.2 in rural areas. The mean poverty score was 56.8 (±11.6) with 72.1% non-poor households, and 94.2% households being food secure. Handwashing practices were highly prevalent among all the HH, however, handwashing practices before eating were comparatively lower in all HH (45.2%), lowest (37.8%) among rural households. Conclusion: The findings of the study revealed both non-poor and food secure households with satisfactory water, hygiene and sanitation practices.This paper is part of a Ph.D. project which is funded by the Office of Research Innovation and Commercialization, Khyber Medical University Peshawar and Pakistan Science Foundatio