Analyzing and Validating the Competences of the Teachers Profession based on the Model

One of the issues that has been addressed in recent years is the existence of a mechanism for determining and assessing the professional qualifications of teachers who have paid more attention to this in developed countries and have been able to make and develop their own educational system models. To make in our country, this has also been highlighted in recent years, and its underlying work has been somewhat done. In this regard, this research has been conducted with the aim of analyzing and validating the model of professional competencies based on the Huntly model. The statistical population is all teachers working in Isfahan province. Using Cochran's formula, 345 people were selected as a statistical sample and selected randomly. The data gathering tool was a Delphi method and a researcher-made questionnaire. The validity of the questionnaire was content validity and reviewed by five experts and professors. The reliability of the questionnaire was also evaluated using Cronbach's alpha test. The results show that the alpha coefficient is more than 0.7, so the questionnaire has an appropriate reliability. Data analysis was performed using Smart PLS and SPSS20 software. The results show that professional knowledge, professional practice, and professional commitment are highly valued as a component of the professional competences of teachers in Isfahan province

Rise time of proton cut-off energy in 2D and 3D PIC simulations

The Target Normal Sheath Acceleration (TNSA) regime for proton acceleration by laser pulses is experimentally consolidated and fairly well understood. However, uncertainties remain in the analysis of particle-in-cell (PIC) simulation results. The energy spectrum is exponential with a cut-off, but the maximum energy depends on the simulation time, following different laws in two and three dimensional (2D, 3D) PIC simulations, so that the determination of an asymptotic value has some arbitrariness. We propose two empirical laws for rise time of the cut-off energy in 2D and 3D PIC simulations, suggested by a model in which the proton acceleration is due to a surface charge distribution on the target rear side. The kinetic energy of the protons that we obtain follows two distinct laws, which appear to be nicely satisfied by PIC simulations. The laws depend on two parameters: the scaling time, at which the energy starts to rise, and the asymptotic cut-off energy. The values of the cut-off energy, obtained by fitting the 2D and 3D simulations for the same target and laser pulse, are comparable. This suggests that parametric scans can be performed with 2D simulations, since 3D ones are computationally very expensive. In this paper, the simulations are carried out for $a_0=3$ with the PIC code ALaDyn by changing the target thickness $L$ and the incidence angle $\alpha$. A monotonic dependence, on $L$ for normal incidence and on $\alpha$ for fixed $L$, is found, as in the experimental results for high temporal contrast pulses

‏Spatial Data-Driven Traffic Flow Prediction Using Geographical Information System

Today, traffic is one of the biggest problems of urban management. There are two general methods for traffic management, soft and hard methods. In the hard method, physical changes are applied to the road network, and in the soft method, the existing conditions are optimized. Traffic forecasting is one of the soft methods for traffic management. Traffic forecasting is usually done based on the time of existing traffic conditions, while the effect of location and neighborhood, which is one of the concepts of GIS science, is less seen in predictions. In this research, variables affecting traffic were first identified. Then, five machine learning methods were used to predict traffic on all city roads. KNN method was selected as the best one with accuracy and Kappa of 96.14% and 0.95 respectively. Finally, the prediction map was prepared by applying the superior model and Geographic Information System (GIS). One of the advantages of the traffic prediction map is easy for users and administrators to manage traffic

Aplicación de varios métodos de procesamiento de imágenes por satélite en datos aster y landsat ETM + para identificar y separar las zonas de alteración en torno a la mina de oro de Akhtarchi, Khomein, Irán

The study area is located 100 km southeast of Arak and in two structural zones of Central Iran in the north and Sanandaj-Sirjan in the southern part. Regarding its geological structures, the area has become the source of important mines including the Akhtarchi gold mine, Aliabad iron mine, Ochestan feldspar mine, and Dali gold and copper mines. Therefore, promising areas for exploration activities are identified using the analysis of satellite images of ASTER and Landsat ETM + in the region to identify alteration areas. For this purpose, the necessary corrections were applied to the satellite images. Then, to identify the alteration parts related to the gold deposits, different satellite image processing methods of ETM + and ASTER were used.  These methods include making a false-color composite, band ratio, Selective Principal Components Analysis (SPCA), Spectral Angle Mapper (SAM) method, Spectral Information Divergence Classification (SID), Endmember Collection Dialog Components (ECDC), and innovative methods such as Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Spectral Angle Mapper, as well as unsupervised classification methods. In the end, the major alterations in the region were observed. In the obtained images, the prophylitic zone and the phyllic and argillic zones in the region were observed. To introduce the optimal method, the results of the various methods mentioned were compared with each other and with the current situation of the mines. The alteration zones were identified through band ratio and SAM methods and the combined methods with more power. Finally, SAM, 2:1 ratio, and the combined methods were identified as successful methods for more accurate separation of the alteration zones.El área de estudio se encuentra a 100 km al sureste de Arak y en dos zonas estructurales del centro de Irán en el norte y Sanandaj-Sirjan en la parte sur. En cuanto a sus estructuras geológicas, la zona se ha convertido en la fuente de importantes minas, como la mina de oro Akhtarchi, la mina de hierro Aliabad, la mina de feldespato Ochestan y las minas de oro y cobre de Dali. Por lo tanto, las áreas prometedoras para las actividades de exploración se identifican mediante el análisis de imágenes satelitales de ASTER y Landsat ETM + en la región para identificar áreas de alteración. Para ello, se aplicaron las correcciones necesarias a las imágenes de satélite. Luego, para identificar las partes de alteración relacionadas con los depósitos de oro, se utilizaron diferentes métodos de procesamiento de imágenes satelitales de ETM + y ASTER. Estos métodos incluyen hacer una composición de color falso, relación de banda, análisis selectivo de componentes principales (SPCA), método de mapeador de ángulo espectral (SAM), clasificación de divergencia de información espectral (SID), componentes de diálogo de colección de miembros finales (ECDC) y métodos innovadores como Análisis de componentes principales (PCA) y mapeador de ángulos espectrales, así como métodos de clasificación no supervisados. Al final, se observaron las mayores alteraciones en la región. En las imágenes obtenidas se observó la zona profilítica y las zonas fílica y argílica de la región. Para introducir el método óptimo, se compararon los resultados de los diversos métodos mencionados entre sí y con la situación actual de las minas. Las zonas de alteración se identificaron mediante métodos de relación de bandas y SAM y los métodos combinados con más potencia. Finalmente, SAM, relación 2: 1, y los métodos combinados fueron identificados como métodos exitosos para una separación más precisa de las zonas de alteración

Aplicación de varios métodos de procesamiento de imágenes por satélite en datos aster y landsat ETM + para identificar y separar las zonas de alteración en torno a la mina de oro de Akhtarchi, Khomein, Irán

The study area is located 100 km southeast of Arak and in two structural zones of Central Iran in the north and Sanandaj-Sirjan in the southern part. Regarding its geological structures, the area has become the source of important mines including the Akhtarchi gold mine, Aliabad iron mine, Ochestan feldspar mine, and Dali gold and copper mines. Therefore, promising areas for exploration activities are identified using the analysis of satellite images of ASTER and Landsat ETM + in the region to identify alteration areas. For this purpose, the necessary corrections were applied to the satellite images. Then, to identify the alteration parts related to the gold deposits, different satellite image processing methods of ETM + and ASTER were used.  These methods include making a false-color composite, band ratio, Selective Principal Components Analysis (SPCA), Spectral Angle Mapper (SAM) method, Spectral Information Divergence Classification (SID), Endmember Collection Dialog Components (ECDC), and innovative methods such as Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Spectral Angle Mapper, as well as unsupervised classification methods. In the end, the major alterations in the region were observed. In the obtained images, the prophylitic zone and the phyllic and argillic zones in the region were observed. To introduce the optimal method, the results of the various methods mentioned were compared with each other and with the current situation of the mines. The alteration zones were identified through band ratio and SAM methods and the combined methods with more power. Finally, SAM, 2:1 ratio, and the combined methods were identified as successful methods for more accurate separation of the alteration zones.El área de estudio se encuentra a 100 km al sureste de Arak y en dos zonas estructurales del centro de Irán en el norte y Sanandaj-Sirjan en la parte sur. En cuanto a sus estructuras geológicas, la zona se ha convertido en la fuente de importantes minas, como la mina de oro Akhtarchi, la mina de hierro Aliabad, la mina de feldespato Ochestan y las minas de oro y cobre de Dali. Por lo tanto, las áreas prometedoras para las actividades de exploración se identifican mediante el análisis de imágenes satelitales de ASTER y Landsat ETM + en la región para identificar áreas de alteración. Para ello, se aplicaron las correcciones necesarias a las imágenes de satélite. Luego, para identificar las partes de alteración relacionadas con los depósitos de oro, se utilizaron diferentes métodos de procesamiento de imágenes satelitales de ETM + y ASTER. Estos métodos incluyen hacer una composición de color falso, relación de banda, análisis selectivo de componentes principales (SPCA), método de mapeador de ángulo espectral (SAM), clasificación de divergencia de información espectral (SID), componentes de diálogo de colección de miembros finales (ECDC) y métodos innovadores como Análisis de componentes principales (PCA) y mapeador de ángulos espectrales, así como métodos de clasificación no supervisados. Al final, se observaron las mayores alteraciones en la región. En las imágenes obtenidas se observó la zona profilítica y las zonas fílica y argílica de la región. Para introducir el método óptimo, se compararon los resultados de los diversos métodos mencionados entre sí y con la situación actual de las minas. Las zonas de alteración se identificaron mediante métodos de relación de bandas y SAM y los métodos combinados con más potencia. Finalmente, SAM, relación 2: 1, y los métodos combinados fueron identificados como métodos exitosos para una separación más precisa de las zonas de alteración

Aplicación de varios métodos de procesamiento de imágenes por satélite en datos aster y landsat ETM + para identificar y separar las zonas de alteración en torno a la mina de oro de Akhtarchi, Khomein, Irán

El área de estudio se encuentra a 100 km al sureste de Arak y en dos zonas estructurales del centro de Irán en el norte y Sanandaj-Sirjan en la parte sur. En cuanto a sus estructuras geológicas, la zona se ha convertido en la fuente de importantes minas, como la mina de oro Akhtarchi, la mina de hierro Aliabad, la mina de feldespato Ochestan y las minas de oro y cobre de Dali. Por lo tanto, las áreas prometedoras para las actividades de exploración se identifican mediante el análisis de imágenes satelitales de ASTER y Landsat ETM + en la región para identificar áreas de alteración. Para ello, se aplicaron las correcciones necesarias a las imágenes de satélite. Luego, para identificar las partes de alteración relacionadas con los depósitos de oro, se utilizaron diferentes métodos de procesamiento de imágenes satelitales de ETM + y ASTER. Estos métodos incluyen hacer una composición de color falso, relación de banda, análisis selectivo de componentes principales (SPCA), método de mapeador de ángulo espectral (SAM), clasificación de divergencia de información espectral (SID), componentes de diálogo de colección de miembros finales (ECDC) y métodos innovadores como Análisis de componentes principales (PCA) y mapeador de ángulos espectrales, así como métodos de clasificación no supervisados. Al final, se observaron las mayores alteraciones en la región. En las imágenes obtenidas se observó la zona profilítica y las zonas fílica y argílica de la región. Para introducir el método óptimo, se compararon los resultados de los diversos métodos mencionados entre sí y con la situación actual de las minas. Las zonas de alteración se identificaron mediante métodos de relación de bandas y SAM y los métodos combinados con más potencia. Finalmente, SAM, relación 2: 1, y los métodos combinados fueron identificados como métodos exitosos para una separación más precisa de las zonas de alteración

Development of structural equation model for human resource management in health sectors

Background: To achieve sustainable productivity, creativity and innovation, proper quality of organizational performance, and effective management of human resources is essential. The aim of this study was to determine the structural equation model of human resources management in healthcare centers. Methods: This study was a descriptive-correlational. Library search method was used to review the literature. The statistical population of the study included staff of health centers and experts in different departments of Hormozgan health centers (n=420). According to the Cochran's formula, the sample size was 200 people who were selected by random sampling. To collect data by reviewing the research literature and surveys of experts. A researcher-made questionnaire was prepared that includes 50 items in the form of 6 categories, including contextual, interventional, core concept, the strategies and the consequences. To analyze the data, structural equation modeling was used in PLS software. Results: Causal factors have had an effect on strategies with a rate of 0.705 in the main category (employment and retention of hospital employees) and the main category (recruitment and retention of hospital employees) with a rate of 0.379 with a confidence level of 95%. Intervening factors with a rate of 0.129, background factors on strategies with a rate of 0.457, and finally strategies with a rate of 0.849 had an effect on the results. Conclusion: Strategic human resource management has been presented as the only way to the success of health centers in the new era

Valores morales de la organización basados en patrones morales comerciales y requisitos legales para presentar el modelo en la administración tributaria

The purpose of this research was to analyze and explain the organization's ethical values ​​based on ethical business models and legal requirements to present a model to the Kerman Tax Administration (Iran). The present investigation is descriptive and exploratory, and of a combined type (quantitative, qualitative). Therefore, the orientation of this research was first to determine and identify the components of the organization's ethical values, in addition to reviewing the literature and the research background. The exploratory qualitative sampling method and the sample size due to access limitations are considered for this stage 11 people. This group includes managers and employees of the Kerman Tax Administration. According to statistics, there are 727 managers and employees of the Kerman Tax Administration. Because the type of research requires information from specific individuals, that is, specific types of people such as managers (19) and employees (708) who can provide the desired information in the research, they were selected as a statistical sample. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis and the reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha. In this research, ethical values ​​include organizational justice, organizational commitment, corporate moral culture, and social responsibility of an organization. Patterns of work morale include professional morale, social morale, and individual morale, and legal requirements include appropriate services, quality of services, and trust. In the case of the ethical values ​​measurement model based on ethical standards and legal requirements in the Kerman province, the correlation between variables is not more than 0.9. Therefore, there is no need to merge or remove them. Furthermore, all factor loads are greater than 0.5, indicating that all dimensions have good factor validity. Regarding the structural model of ethical values ​​based on ethical patterns and legal requirements in the tax administration of the Kerman province, the relationship between the variable of organizational ethical models and the corporate moral values ​​is positive and significant. There is also a positive and significant relationship between the variable of legal requirements and the ethical values ​​of the organization.El propósito de esta investigación fue analizar y explicar los valores éticos de la organización basados en modelos éticos comerciales y requisitos legales para presentar un modelo en la Administración Tributaria de Kerman (Irán). La presente investigación es descriptiva y exploratoria, y de tipo combinado (cuantitativo, cualitativo). Por lo tanto, la orientación de esta investigación fue primero determinar e identificar los componentes de los valores éticos de la organización, además de revisar la literatura y los antecedentes de la investigación. El método de muestreo cualitativo exploratorio y el tamaño de la muestra debido a las limitaciones de acceso se consideran para esta etapa 11 personas. Este grupo incluye gerentes y empleados de la Administración Tributaria de Kerman. Según las estadísticas, hay 727 gerentes y empleados de la Administración Tributaria de Kerman. Debido a que el tipo de investigación requiere información de individuos específicos, es decir, tipos específicos de personas como gerentes (19) y empleados (708) que pueden proporcionar la información deseada en la investigación, fueron seleccionados como muestra estadística. La validez del cuestionario fue confirmada por análisis factorial exploratorio y confirmatorio y la confiabilidad del cuestionario fue confirmada por el alfa de Cronbach. En la presente investigación, los valores éticos incluyen justicia organizacional, compromiso organizacional, cultura moral empresarial y responsabilidad social de una organización. Los patrones de la moral del trabajo incluyen la moral profesional, la moral social y la moral individual, y los requisitos legales incluyen los servicios apropiados, la calidad de los servicios y la confianza. En el caso del modelo de medición de valores éticos basado en patrones éticos y requisitos legales en la provincia de Kerman, la correlación entre variables no es más de 0.9. Por lo tanto, no es necesario fusionarlos o eliminarlos. Además, todas las cargas de factor son mayores que 0.5, lo que indica que todas las dimensiones tienen una buena validez de factor. Con respecto al modelo estructural de valores éticos basado en patrones éticos y requisitos legales en la administración tributaria de la provincia de Kerman, la relación entre la variable de modelos éticos organizacionales y los valores morales empresariales es positiva y significativa. También existe una relación positiva y significativa entre la variable de requisitos legales y los valores éticos de la organización. The purpose of this research was to analyze and explain the organization's ethical values ​​based on ethical business models and legal requirements to present a model to the Kerman Tax Administration (Iran). The present investigation is descriptive and exploratory, and of a combined type (quantitative, qualitative). Therefore, the orientation of this research was first to determine and identify the components of the organization's ethical values, in addition to reviewing the literature and the research background. The exploratory qualitative sampling method and the sample size due to access limitations are considered for this stage 11 people. This group includes managers and employees of the Kerman Tax Administration. According to statistics, there are 727 managers and employees of the Kerman Tax Administration. Because the type of research requires information from specific individuals, that is, specific types of people such as managers (19) and employees (708) who can provide the desired information in the research, they were selected as a statistical sample. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis and the reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha. In this research, ethical values ​​include organizational justice, organizational commitment, corporate moral culture, and social responsibility of an organization. Patterns of work morale include professional morale, social morale, and individual morale, and legal requirements include appropriate services, quality of services, and trust. In the case of the ethical values ​​measurement model based on ethical standards and legal requirements in the Kerman province, the correlation between variables is not more than 0.9. Therefore, there is no need to merge or remove them. Furthermore, all factor loads are greater than 0.5, indicating that all dimensions have good factor validity. Regarding the structural model of ethical values ​​based on ethical patterns and legal requirements in the tax administration of the Kerman province, the relationship between the variable of organizational ethical models and the corporate moral values ​​is positive and significant. There is also a positive and significant relationship between the variable of legal requirements and the ethical values ​​of the organization

Organizational culture and effective management: problems and challenges

Background: Managers are always trying to reduce the costs while improving the quality and efficiency of services. Thus, the aim of present study was to evaluate the status of organizational culture and to investigate the problems and challenges, to provide a developed and effective model of management. Methods: This research was a descriptive cross-sectional survey. The sample size was 344 clerks who were selected by stratified random sampling. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data. The organizational culture questionnaire was designed in 9 factors and 42 sub-dimensions. The face and content validities of the questions were confirmed. To analyze the data, univariate t-test was used in SPSS software and structural equation modeling was used in AMOS software. Results: According to the results, the mean of organizational culture variable was above average (3) and was at the desired level (p-value <0.05). The status of identifying challenges and problems in the study population was measured below the average level. The results showed that more challenges and problems were identified by improving the implementation of organizational culture (0.486). Organizational culture also indirectly affects organizational effectiveness by identifying challenges and problems (0.214). Conclusion: based on our finding, the mediating effect of identifying challenges and problems on the relationship between organizational culture and identifying challenges and problems was confirmed

Evaluation of the Effect of Knowledge Concerning Healthy Nutrition and Nutrition Science on the Knowledge Development Approach

Background: Nutrition can be regarded as an important part of any preparation program, as well as an important part of life. It seems essential to develop nutritional science and improve eating habits with the purpose of developing a healthy diet and avoiding the outcomes that arise from a lack of nutrition. Proper nutrition is one of the important factors for the development of health. Lack of sufficient awareness about nutrition can result in improper eating habits. Objectives: The present study evaluated the effect of knowledge about healthy nutrition and nutrition science on the knowledge development approach. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive study, the statistical population consisted of 190 experts and other scholars in the area of nutritional science. A questionnaire based on demographic details, nutritional science, nutrition education, research, proper solutions to individuals’ nutritional problems, and a culture of nutrition was used for data collection. Results: A relatively strong positive correlation was found between the knowledge development approach, nutritional science, nutrition education and research, and proper solutions for individual nutritional problems and a culture of nutrition (P < 0.001). Conclusions: 1) Effective enhancement and participation in an academic community will be important in the future of food and nutrition security; however, major gaps and weaknesses also exist in this context; 2) The main weaknesses in relation to the lack of clear policies and procedures include focusing on only Tehran, Iran; the need to overcome bureaucracy; and problems related to motivation, capital, and international communications; 3) Qualitative and quantitative improvement of research is not possible without access to skilled experts and researchers; 4) To solve these problems, it will be beneficial to pay more attention to the role of universities, facilitate intellectual communication among professors in Tehran and other provinces, ensure that Iranian professors are employed abroad, develop educational and research cooperation with foreign countries, and ensure that facilities for international cooperation put in place by united nations (UN) agencies are used. Keywords: Nutritional Science, Knowledge Management, Foo