2,569 research outputs found
Prospects for discovering new gauge bosons, extra dimensions and contact interaction at the LHC
This talk is a review of possible discoveries of exotic not Standard Model
Physics in the early stage of LHC (first two years), with the ATLAS and CMS
experiments. LHC will be the first experiment ever to explore the TeV region
and new exotic particles could be discovered at early stages of the LHC running
if their masses are not too large. This talk is focused on three main search
topics: new vector bosons, contact interaction and extra dimensions.Comment: 5 pages, 4 fig, 1 tab; version 2: cosmetic changes due to ICHEP
conference template change
Boson Gauge Couplings at LEP
The review of the measurements of the gauge couplings in the boson sector at
LEP is presented. The measurements of the charged triple gauge couplings (cTGC)
parameters from the four LEP experiments are combined and the results are in
good agreement with the Standard Model predictions, proving the non-abelian
structure of the SU(2)_L x U(1)_Y gauge simmetry. Different measurements of
these parameters are reviewed and all possible fit methods discussed. The
current limits on the anomalous neutral triple gauge couplings (nTGC) and the
quartic gauge coplings (QGC) are also presented.Comment: 7 pag, 5 fig, conf Moriond 0
Leniency Policies and Illegal Transactions
Forthcoming in the Journal of Public Economics. We study the consequences of leniency – reduced legal sanctions for wrongdoers who spontaneously self-report to law enforcers – on sequential, bilateral, illegal transactions, such as corruption, manager-auditor collusion, or drug deals. It is known that leniency helps deterring illegal relationships sustained by repeated interaction. Here we find that - when not properly designed - leniency may simultaneously provide an effective governance mechanism for occasional sequential illegal transactions that would not be feasible in its absence
Leniency Policies and Illegal Transactions
Forthcoming in the Journal of Public Economics. We study the consequences of leniency – reduced legal sanctions for wrongdoers who spontaneously self-report to law enforcers – on sequential, bilateral, illegal transactions, such as corruption, manager-auditor collusion, or drug deals. It is known that leniency helps deterring illegal relationships sustained by repeated interaction. Here we find that - when not properly designed - leniency may simultaneously provide an effective governance mechanism for occasional sequential illegal transactions that would not be feasible in its absence.amnesty; corruption; collusion; financial fraud; governance; hold up; hostages; illegal trade; immunity; law enforcement; leniency; organized crime; self-reporting; whistleblowers
Competition Policy and Productivity Growth: An Empirical Assessment
This paper empirically investigates the effectiveness of competition policy by estimating its impact on Total Factor Productivity (TFP) growth for 22 industries in 12 OECD countries over the period 1995-2005. We ?nd a robust positive and signi?cant effect of competition policy asmeasured by newly created indexes. We provide several arguments and results based on instrumental variables estimators as well as non-linearities to support the claim that the established link can be interpreted in a causal way. At a disaggregated level, the effect on TFP growth is particularly strong for speci?c aspects of competition policy related to its institutional setup and antitrust activities (rather than merger control). The effect is strengthened by good legal systems, suggesting complementarities between competition policy and the ef?ciency of law enforcement institutions
Measuring the deterrence properties of competition policy: the Competition Policy Indexes
The aim of this paper is to describe in detail a set of newly developed indicators of the quality of competition policy, Competition Policy Indexes, or CPIs. The CPIs measure the deterrence properties of a competition policy in a jurisdiction, where for competition policy we mean the antitrust legislation, including the merger control provisions, and its enforcement. The CPIs incorporate data on how the key features of a competition policy regime score against a benchmark of generally-agreed best practices and summarise them so as to allow cross-country and cross-time comparisons. The CPIs have been calculated for a sample of 13 OECD jurisdictions over the period 1995-2005
Deterrence in Competition Law
This paper provides a comprehensive discussion of the deterrence properties of a competition policy regime. On the basis of the economic theory of law enforcement we identify several factors that are likely to affect its degree of deterrence: 1) sanctions and damages; 2) financial and human resources; 3) powers during the investigation; 4) quality of the law; 5) independence; and 6) separation of power. We then discuss how to measure deterrence. We review the literature that use surveys to solicit direct information on changes in the behavior of firms due to the threats posed by the enforcement of antitrust rules, and the literature based on the analysis of hard data. We finally argue that the most challenging task, both theoretically and empirically, is how to distinguish between “good” deterrence and “bad” deterrence
The Effects of Leniency on Illegal Transactions: How (Not) to Fight Corruption
We study the consequences of 'leniency' - reduced legal sanctions for wrongdoers who spontaneously self-report to law enforcers - on corruption, drug dealing, and other forms of sequential, bilateral, illegal trade. We find that when not properly designed, leniency may be highly counterproductive. In reality leniency is typically "moderate," in the sense of only reducing, or at best cancelling the sanctions for the self-reporting party. Moderate leniency may greatly facilitate the enforcement of long-term illegal trade relations, and may even provide an effective enforcement mechanism for occasional (one-shot) illegal transactions, which would not be enforceable otherwise.Law enforcement; Self-reporting; Corruption; Crime; Illegal trade; Drug dealing.
Recent advances in the genetics of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Purpose of reviewGenetics contributes substantially to the susceptibility to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Genetic studies in sporadic and familial disease have identified several IPF-associated variants, mainly in telomere-related and surfactant protein genes.Here, we review the most recent literature on genetics of IPF and discuss how it may contribute to disease pathogenesis.Recent findingsRecent studies implicate genes involved in telomere maintenance, host defence, cell growth, mammalian target of rapamycin signalling, cell-cell adhesion, regulation of TGF-& beta; signalling and spindle assembly as biological processes involved in the pathogenesis of IPF. Both common and rare genetic variants contribute to the overall risk of IPF; however, while common variants (i.e. polymorphisms) account for most of the heritability of sporadic disease, rare variants (i.e. mutations), mainly in telomere-related genes, are the main contributors to the heritability of familial disease. Genetic factors are likely to also influence disease behaviour and prognosis. Finally, recent data suggest that IPF shares genetic associations - and probably some pathogenetic mechanisms - with other fibrotic lung diseases.Common and rare genetic variants are associated with susceptibility and prognosis of IPF. However, many of the reported variants fall in noncoding regions of the genome and their relevance to disease pathobiology remains to be elucidated
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