Institutions, Democracy and Growth:A Long Run Analysis

In this paper, based on our past research, we have set ourselves the goal of testing the following hypothesis: the fundamental precondition for the due protection of private property is personal immunity in the broad sense, i.e. guarantees of rights such as the protection of life, personal freedoms and the inviolability of private property, including the requisite institutions for the enforcement of the same, often conceived of in political terms.Property Rights, Democracy

Russian Demographic Data Sheet 2016

The Russian Demographic Datasheet 2016 shows key demographic data, population trends and projections until 2035. It covers fertility, mortality, migration, population structure including population ageing and their changes. The datasheet combines data for the national level, all regions and districts, and features maps, population pyramids, rankings, graphs and a glossary. It pays special attention to the importance of alternative indicators of population ageing for the current and future population changes across Russia. All information is provided in both languages, Russian and English. The project is a collaboration between IIASA, the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA), and the Russian Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat)

Comunidade de pesquisa global: ¿o que os padrões internacionais de coautoria dizem sobre sua estrutura?

Global research community represents a noteworthy object for sociological studies. In this paper we regards it as an entity with network structure and try to analyze the current state of this structure and its recent dynamics. Among the many various approaches to studying the network links that bring together the researchers all over the world, we choose to look at the structure of international co-authorship of research papers published in journals indexed by Scopus Elsevier database. We try to provide a general outline of the network structure, to reveal distinct regional clusters existing at the various levels of this structure, and to discover whatever significant changes took place in the network structure over the last 25 years.La comunidad de investigación global representa un objeto notable para los estudios sociológicos. En este documento, lo consideramos como una entidad con estructura de red e intentamos analizar el estado actual de esta estructura y su dinámica reciente. Entre los diversos enfoques para estudiar los enlaces de red que reúnen a los investigadores de todo el mundo, elegimos observar la estructura de la coautoría internacional de los trabajos de investigación publicados en revistas indexadas por la base de datos Scopus Elsevier. Intentamos proporcionar una descripción general de la estructura de la red, revelar los distintos grupos regionales que existen en los distintos niveles de esta estructura y descubrir los cambios significativos que tuvieron lugar en la estructura de la red durante los últimos 25 años.A comunidade global de pesquisa representa um objeto notável para os estudos sociológicos. Neste trabalho nós o consideramos como uma entidade com estrutura de rede e tentamos analisar o estado atual dessa estrutura e sua dinâmica recente. Entre as várias abordagens para o estudo dos links de rede que reúnem pesquisadores de todo o mundo, optamos por analisar a estrutura de coautoria internacional de trabalhos de pesquisa publicados em periódicos indexados pela base de dados Scopus Elsevier. Tentamos fornecer um esboço geral da estrutura da rede, revelar clusters regionais distintos existentes nos vários níveis dessa estrutura e descobrir as mudanças significativas ocorridas na estrutura da rede nos últimos 25 anos

Urological care in the Chelyabinsk region

The article provides a general description ot Urology, Pediatric Urology and oncourological service in the Chelyabinsk region. Individually marked major urological hospitals, described the specifics of their work, the volume of operations performed. Also it reflects scientific progress urological service area.В статье приведена общая характеристика урологической, детской урологической и онкоурологической службы в Челябинской области. Отдельно отмечены основные урологические стационары, охарактеризована специфика их работы, объём выполняемых операций. Также отражен научный прогресс урологической службы области

Stochastic synchronization in globally coupled phase oscillators

Cooperative effects of periodic force and noise in globally Cooperative effects of periodic force and noise in globally coupled systems are studied using a nonlinear diffusion equation for the number density. The amplitude of the order parameter oscillation is enhanced in an intermediate range of noise strength for a globally coupled bistable system, and the order parameter oscillation is entrained to the external periodic force in an intermediate range of noise strength. These enhancement phenomena of the response of the order parameter in the deterministic equations are interpreted as stochastic resonance and stochastic synchronization in globally coupled systems.Comment: 5 figure

Experimental Study of Noise-induced Phase Synchronization in Vertical-cavity Lasers

We report the experimental evidence of noise-induced phase synchronization in a vertical cavity laser. The polarized laser emission is entrained with the input periodic pump modulation when an optimal amount of white, gaussian noise is applied. We characterize the phenomenon, evaluating the average frequency of the output signal and the diffusion coefficient of the phase difference variable. Their values are roughly independent on different waveforms of periodic input, provided that a simple condition for the amplitudes is satisfied. The experimental results are compared with numerical simulations of a Langevin model

Decision making tool for determining the points of innovation and technological development of the region

A research purpose is to modify the model of a patent landscape on an algorithm for the complex construction of the technological landscape, taking into account the ecological and economic features of the region. Technological landscape as a management tool for determining the points of innovation and technological development involves three basic stages. The first stage is to analyze the ecological and resource conditions in the region. The second is to build the model of the well-known patent landscape. In the third stage, identification of the chosen direction, affect investment and development opportunities are presented to support the innovation and technological development of the region. Technological landscape opportunities in the direction of iron metallurgy are constructed for the Sverdlovsk region. The methodology of building technological landscapes over time may be useful in the construction and analysis of the technological trend of the studied direction. © 2019 IOP Publishing Ltd

COVID-19 and excess mortality in Russia: Regional estimates of life expectancy losses in 2020 and excess deaths in 2021

Accurately counting the human cost of the COVID-19 at both the national and regional level is a policy priority. The Russian Federation currently reports one of the higher COVID-19 mortality rates in the world; but estimates of mortality differ significantly. Using a statistical method accounting for changes in the population age structure, we present the first national and regional estimates of excess mortality for 2021; calculations of excess mortality by age, gender, and urban/rural status for 2020; and mean remaining years of life expectancy lost at the regional level. We estimate that there were 351,158 excess deaths in 2020 and 678,022 in 2021 in the Russian Federation; and, in 2020, around 2.0 years of life expectancy lost. While the Russian Federation exhibits very high levels of excess mortality compared to other countries, there is a wide degree of regional variation: in 2021, excess deaths expressed as a percentage of expected deaths at the regional level range from 27% to 52%. Life expectancy loss is generally greater for males; while excess mortality is greater in urban areas. For Russia as whole, an average person who died due to the pandemic in 2020 would have otherwise lived for a further 14 more years (and as high as 18 years in some regions), disproving the widely held view that excess mortality during the pandemic period was concentrated among those with few years of life remaining–especially for females. At a regional level, less densely populated, more remote regions, rural regions appear to have fared better regarding excess mortality and life expectancy loss–however, a part of this differential could be owing to measurement issues. The calculations demonstrate more clearly the true degree of the human cost of the pandemic in the Russian Federation

Radioluminescence properties of nanocomposite scintillators with BaF 2 fillers

In this paper, studies of the luminescence properties of nanocrystalline BaF 2 samples synthesized by laser ablation and pulse electron beam evaporation method are presented. The measurements of X-ray excited luminescence (XEL) showed the dependence between luminescence intensity and the shape of the spectrum on the morphology and particle size. Also, studies of X-ray excited luminescence, decay curves and optical transmittance for nanocomposite materials containing BaF 2 nanopowder are presented. Barium fluoride nanopowder, obtained by pulsed electron beam evaporation method is characterized by a lower intensity than the initial microcrystalline powder, but at the same time, XEL spectrum of the nanocomposite material with this nanocrystalline filler is more intense, then that for nanocomposite material with initial powder. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd