Alkaline Protease Bioprocess Optimization through Response Surface Methodology for Alkaliphilic Bacillus subtilis SHmIIIa Mutant Strain from Warangal-Telangana

The present investigations were carried out to enhance the alkaline protease production by a mutant strain Bacillus subtilis SH2 isolated from slaughter house soils of Warangal and improved through two-tier mutagenesis first by UV and then HNO2. Initially three efficient mutants with over production of alkaline protease were identified and among them only one stable mutant SHmIIIa was selected for further improvement through popular Response Surface Methodology of the FFCCD. Only X2 agitation, X6 KH2PO4 and interactive effects of X3*X3 inoculum, X4*X5 glucose and peptone have shown a significant improvement. The maximum alkaline protease production was achieved with the medium containing of X1 pH 9.8; X2 agitation 237.5 rpm; X3, inoculum size 4%; X4, glucose 6 g/L; X5, peptone 4g/L and X6, KH2PO4 2 g/L; under batch fermentative conditions with 33.33 fold increase

Screening and Optimization of Physical Parameters for Enhanced Alkaline Protease Production by Alkaliphilic Bacillus Subtilis SH2 Isolate

The present investigations dealt with the optimization of the physical parameters for production of alkaline protease by alkaliphilic Bacillus subtilis SH-2 isolated from slaughter house soil of Warangal, Telangana State, India. Primary screening of four different samples revealed one potent isolate. Morphological and Biochemical characterization followed by Molecular signature of 16s rRNA homology confirmed that the isolate SH-2 belongs to Bacillus subtilis. Bacillus subtilis SH-2 was screened on four different reported mediums (M1213, M660, Horikoshi and Halophilic Bacillus medium) under shake culture conditions. Maximum alkaline protease production (500 EU/ml) obtained on M1213 and Horikoshi mediums. Further optimization of physical parameters by OVAT method revealed that mean generation time (41.18 min), 4% level inoculum, incubation time 72 hrs, pH 10, temperature 350C and agitation 150 rpm are ideal for enzyme production. OVAT method resulted in 2.2 fold increased production of alkaline protease production (1100 EU/ml)

Prevalence of sensory peripheral neuropathy in diabetic patients at diabetes care centre: a cross sectional study

Background: Diabetic neuropathy is a nerve damaging disorder associated with diabetes; result from micro vascular injury involving small blood vessels that supply to the nerve (vas nervorum) in addition to macro vascular condition that can culminate in diabetic neuropathy. By the year 2025 hundreds of people were estimated to become diabetic. The rates of prevalence of neuropathy increasing worldwide which is directly related to the nonmodifiable risks like age, duration of diabetes, obesity, alcoholism, gender.Methods: A cross sectional interventional study was conducted on diabetic patients. Questionnaire, instruments and demographic details were used to collect data from patients. The diabetic neuropathy is conformed in patients by using biothesiometric analysis, tuning fork, monofilament, NSS and NDS.Results: Total 331 subjects included in the study, 200 cases diagnosed with DPN according to biothesiometry and prevalence percentage was found to be 60.4% and incidence was found to be 8.76% respectively. A significant greater proportion of males reported neuropathy more than females. The association between the obesity and the DPN was (r2=0.7922) low positive correlation. High positive correlation was confirmed with NSS, NDS respectively.Conclusions: It was concluded that there is a higher prevalence (60.4%) and incidence (8.76%) of neuropathy among the diabetic subjects and it may go on increasing as the age progress

Occupational stress and burnout among young surgeons: a review

A surgeon's lifestyle is a multifaceted commitment that revolves around their workplace, physical, personal, emotional, and communal domains. Surgical training programs are competitive and challenging to match and provide a sense of gratification among medical school trainees. But they also report a much higher level of burnout when compared to their peers from other specialities. Workplace burnout has been a scorching issue since the COVID pandemic broke out in 2019. We did this review to understand the factors leading to workplace burnout, identify any East-West differences, and find possible solutions. We also tried to find the role of COVID-19 in worsening occupational stress among surgeons. We searched the PubMed and SCOPUS databases for studies between January 2000 to January 2022 on burnout, well-being, wellness, and practice improvement among surgeons. The search included studies on COVID-19 that were available either as full-text papers or abstracts. Burnout has affected younger surgeons owing to loss of professional control, inefficient work-life balance, administrative burdens, medico-legal problems, and the competitive nature of the job and tiresome training programs. Burnout is more common in South-Asian countries. Workplace stressors, including long hours and difficult interactions with co-workers, are linked to greater levels of burnout. The COVID-19 pandemic has only made matters worse

Machinability study on Al7075/Al2O3-SiC hybrid composites

In the present research, the effects of volume fraction of SiC+Al2O3 particles and aging temperature on the machinability of stir-casted Al7075 metal matrix composites (MMC) have been investigated. The hybrid composites were fabricated using the liquid metallurgy route. Al7075 was reinforced with different wt. % of SiC (3%, 6%, and 9%) and Al2O3 (2%, 4%, and 6%) which were used to fabricate the hybrid metal matrix composites. The samples were aged at different temperatures (140 ºC, 160 ºC, and 180 ºC) for 4 h and cooled at furnace temperature (27 ºC). The machinability of hybrid metal matrix composites was studied by carrying out L27 orthogonal array experiments. Three process parameters were selected, such as 0.2 mm/min of the depth of cut, 0.1 mm/min of feed rate, and 1500 rpm of spindle speed. The obtained results indicate that the surface roughness and machining force of MMCs increase with an increase in weight percentage of Al2O3/SiC and decrease with the increase in aging temperature. Optimum machining force and surface roughness were obtained at 2% Al2O3 + 3 % SiC and 180°C of aging temperature

Optimization of lipase production by Staphylococcus sp. Lp12

A bacterial strain isolated from an oil contaminated soil, identified as Staphylococcus sp. Lp12 was screened for lipase activity on tributyrin agar and spirit blue agar medium. Maximum lipase production was observed at 48 h of growth (3.5 Eu/ml). Peptone was found to be as an ideal nitrogen source for production at a concentration of 1.0% (4.25 Eu/ml). Addition of any nitrogen source other than peptone to the medium resulted in a significant reduction of enzyme production. Lower lipase production was noted when an inorganic nitrogen source was used as the sole nitrogen source. Starch was used as a major carbon source for optimum production of lipase (4.25 Eu/ml) at a concentration of 1.5%. Of the natural oils, olive oil was able to induce more lipase (4.25 Eu/ml) rather than the oils like groundnut, coconut, castor oils. Basal medium containing tween 80 enhanced lipase production to a significant level. The pH 8 and temperature 45°C were found to be ideal pH and temperature for optimum production of lipase by this strain

Bianchi Type I Cosmology in Generalized Saez-Ballester Theory via Noether Gauge Symmetry

In this paper, we investigate the generalized Saez-Ballester scalar-tensor theory of gravity via Noether gauge symmetry (NGS) in the background of Bianchi type I cosmological spacetime. We start with the Lagrangian of our model and calculate its gauge symmetries and corresponding invariant quantities. We obtain the potential function for the scalar field in the exponential form. For all the symmetries obtained, we determine the gauge functions corresponding to each gauge symmmetry which include constant and dynamic gauge. We discuss cosmological implications of our model and show that it is compatible with the observational data.Comment: 13 pages, 2 figures, accepted for publication in 'European Physical Journal C

Anti diabetic effect of ethanolic extract of leaves of Ocimum sanctum in alloxan induced diabetes in rats

Background: Diabetes mellitus refers to a group of common metabolic disorders that share the phenotype of hyperglycemia resulting from defects of reduced insulin secretion, decreased glucose utilization and increase in glucose production. It is estimated that there are currently 285 million people worldwide and this number is set to increase to 438 million by the year 2030. India has the highest number of patients with known diabetes worldwide, with a prevalence of 11.6%. The aim of the study was to evaluate the anti diabetic activity of ethanolic extract of leaves of plant Ocimum sanctum in alloxan induced diabetes in rats.Methods: The study was conducted on 4 groups of 6 rats each to evaluate the hypoglycaemic effect of ethanolic extract of Ocimum sanctum. Glibenclamide was used as a standard drug and the results were compared in reference to it. Tween 80 was given for both normal and diabetic control groups. The fasting blood sugar levels were recorded on 1st, 3rd, 5th, 7th, 10th days by glucometer.Results: The results indicate that the test compound ethanolic extract of Ocimum sanctum has significant and sustained oral hypoglycaemic activity, comparable with the hypoglycaemic effect of glibenclamide, a sulfonylurea.Conclusion: The hypoglycaemic potential of the test compound is found to be comparable with that of the standard drug glibenclamide