Optimum management of time as an important practice for boosting productivity in organizations

Starting point of obtaining skills in time management is individually different .Most people think they can get better than what they are with the help of time management. The best opportunities or the worst ones usually occur at unexpected time which we might not be ready for. Here, the question is "what is time management?" It can be said it is the best use of seconds and opportunities one faces .Therefore, in this paper, efforts has been done to provide practical ways so as to use the time in an optimum way. By definition, time management is determining main purposes as a first step and writing them down on a paper followed by next and main step: regular planning as well as hard efforts which finally lead to aims access. However, in the case of absence of one of the mentioned factors, it would be either impossible to realizing aims or you may be exercised lots of expenses leading to no qualitative results

Optimum management of time as an important practice for boosting productivity in organizations

Starting point of obtaining skills in time management is individually different .Most people think they can get better than what they are with the help of time management. The best opportunities or the worst ones usually occur at unexpected time which we might not be ready for. Here, the question is "what is time management?" It can be said it is the best use of seconds and opportunities one faces .Therefore, in this paper, efforts has been done to provide practical ways so as to use the time in an optimum way. By definition, time management is determining main purposes as a first step and writing them down on a paper followed by next and main step: regular planning as well as hard efforts which finally lead to aims access. However, in the case of absence of one of the mentioned factors, it would be either impossible to realizing aims or you may be exercised lots of expenses leading to no qualitative results

E-Tourism: The role of ICT In tourism industry

One of the major limitations of all of the information distribution channels in tourism industry is that they, for the most part, all ultimately flow through the GDSs. Of course, this has several implications in terms of cost, audience and information content. As a result, many tourism suppliers would like to bypass the GDS route and use electronic distribution to sell directly to the consumer. With the phenomenal growth in the use of the Internet and the World Wide Web both in the home and in the workplace, and the opportunities presented by falling hardware and communications costs, the potential now exists for tourism suppliers to both distribute information to and process reservations from customers directly. In his paper by considering some of the trends shaping modern business strategies such as the mass customization of services, the interactive design of products with customers, the service envelope around the most basic products and the increasing information intensity of products, we illustrated how such trends apply to the tourism industry and describes the way ICT can support or enable such strategies. Then, we analysed the role of ICT in tourism industry by introducing a framework to classify and analyze related organisations around three dimensions, distinguishing what happens (1) at the boundary of the firms, (2) in their relations with their customers and suppliers and (3) on the markets they reach. The actors that we primarily considered were the following: (1) the service providers (hotels, airlines, congress organizers, etc.), the travel agencies, and other intermediaries, (2) the final customers (both corporate and individual), and (3) the countries (often represented by their tourism offices). Finally, we described some innovative ways of using ICT, among others, to expand an actor's business

Total Quality Management (TQM) in Iranian primary schools teachers

This paper aims to present the perception of primary school teachers in Shiraz city (Iran) regarding Total Quality Management (TQM) in education. It is an attempt to understand how these perceptions vary by demographic variable such as, gender & subject specialization (Arts and Sciences). Data were collected from 156 primary school teachers in Shiraz city (Iran) on the Bonstingle’s conceptualization of Deming’s 14 points Total Quality Management (TQM) in Education (2011) and were analyzed using SPSS version 18.0. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was employed to find out the significance of difference between variables subscales. Significant difference was found between male and female teachers in the perception of total quality management. Female teachers had higher mean score than male teachers. There is no significant difference between Arts and Sciences primary school teachers in the perception of TQM in education

E-Tourism: The role of ICT In tourism industry

One of the major limitations of all of the information distribution channels in tourism industry is that they, for the most part, all ultimately flow through the GDSs. Of course, this has several implications in terms of cost, audience and information content. As a result, many tourism suppliers would like to bypass the GDS route and use electronic distribution to sell directly to the consumer. With the phenomenal growth in the use of the Internet and the World Wide Web both in the home and in the workplace, and the opportunities presented by falling hardware and communications costs, the potential now exists for tourism suppliers to both distribute information to and process reservations from customers directly. In his paper by considering some of the trends shaping modern business strategies such as the mass customization of services, the interactive design of products with customers, the service envelope around the most basic products and the increasing information intensity of products, we illustrated how such trends apply to the tourism industry and describes the way ICT can support or enable such strategies. Then, we analysed the role of ICT in tourism industry by introducing a framework to classify and analyze related organisations around three dimensions, distinguishing what happens (1) at the boundary of the firms, (2) in their relations with their customers and suppliers and (3) on the markets they reach. The actors that we primarily considered were the following: (1) the service providers (hotels, airlines, congress organizers, etc.), the travel agencies, and other intermediaries, (2) the final customers (both corporate and individual), and (3) the countries (often represented by their tourism offices). Finally, we described some innovative ways of using ICT, among others, to expand an actor's business

Total Quality Management (TQM) in Iranian primary schools teachers

This paper aims to present the perception of primary school teachers in Shiraz city (Iran) regarding Total Quality Management (TQM) in education. It is an attempt to understand how these perceptions vary by demographic variable such as, gender & subject specialization (Arts and Sciences). Data were collected from 156 primary school teachers in Shiraz city (Iran) on the Bonstingle’s conceptualization of Deming’s 14 points Total Quality Management (TQM) in Education (2011) and were analyzed using SPSS version 18.0. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was employed to find out the significance of difference between variables subscales. Significant difference was found between male and female teachers in the perception of total quality management. Female teachers had higher mean score than male teachers. There is no significant difference between Arts and Sciences primary school teachers in the perception of TQM in education

Lifetime alcohol‐use prevalence and correlated factors among street children in Iran

Abstract Background Several studies on street children in Iran reported a high prevalence of alcohol consumption among this group. This study assessed the prevalence of lifetime alcohol use and correlated factors among street children in Iran. Methods We conducted a cross‐sectional survey among 856 street children from six provinces of Iran. Behavioral data were collected by trained interviewers using a structured questionnaire. Our target outcome was lifetime alcohol use. We examined associations between individual variables and lifetime alcohol use using the chi‐square. A multiple logistic regression model included variables with a p‐value < .2. Lastly, we reported the adjusted odds ratio (an OR) point estimate and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) as the effect measure. Results Mean age and standard deviation (SD) of alcohol drinkers were 14.94 ± 2.16. Overall, 16.6% (CI95%: 14.38%, 19.55%) of participants reported lifetime alcohol use, and almost 60% of children reported alcohol use over three past months. In the final model, factors that were independently associated with alcohol use included the 15–18 age range (AOR 2.35, 95% CI 1.48−3.73), Iranian nationality (AOR 3.36, 95% CI 2.07−5.45), working longer than 5 years in the streets (AOR 2.90, 95% CI 1.72−4.88), father's drug use (AOR 1.93, 95% CI 1.22−3.01), and illiteracy (AOR 1.65, 95% CI 1.03−2.66). Conclusions The results of the present study demonstrated that preventive plans for alcohol use among street children must be addressed using the services provided by governmental and nongovernmental organizations

HIV testing and its associated factors among street-based female sex workers in Iran: results of a national rapid assessment and response survey

Abstract Background Female sex workers (FSWs) are at a disproportionate risk of sexually transmitted infections and they may face significant barriers to HIV testing. This study aimed to examine HIV testing prevalence and its associated factors among street-based FSWs in Iran. Method A total of 898 FSWs were recruited from 414 venues across 19 major cities in Iran between October 2016 and March 2017. Eligible FSWs were women aged 18 years of age who had at least one commercial sexual intercourse in the previous year. HIV testing was defined as having tested for HIV in the lifetime. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression were used to examine the correlates of HIV testing. We report adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI). Result Overall, 57.8% (95%CI: 20.0, 88.0) of participants reported having tested for HIV, and HIV prevalence among FSWs who tested for HIV was 10.3% (95%CI: 7.5, 13.0). The multivariable model showed that unstable housing (aOR: 8.86, 95%CI: 2.68, 29.32) and drug use (aOR: 3.47, 95%CI: 1.33, 9.06) were associated with increased likelihood of HIV testing. However, FSWs with a higher level of income were less likely to be tested for HIV (aOR: 0.09, 95%CI: 0.02, 0.43). Conclusion Almost one in ten street-based FSWs had never tested for HIV. These findings suggest the need for evidence-based strategies such as outreach support and HIV self-testing to improve HIV testing in this marginalized population

Lifetime and past-month substance use and injection among street-based female sex workers in Iran.

BackgroundStreet-based female sex workers (FSWs) are highly at risk of HIV and other harms associated with sex work. We assessed the prevalence of non-injection and injection drug use and their associated factors among street-based FSWs in Iran.MethodsWe recruited 898 FSWs from 414 venues across 19 major cities in Iran between October 2016 and March 2017. Correlates of lifetime and past-month non-injection and injection drug use were assessed through multivariable logistic regression models. Adjusted odds ratios (AOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were reported.ResultsLifetime and past-month non-injection drug use were reported by 60.3% (95% CI 51, 84) and 47.2% (95% CI 38, 67) of FSWs, respectively. The prevalence of lifetime and past-month injection drug use were 8.6% (95% CI 6.9, 10.7) and 3.7% (95% CI 2.6, 5.2), respectively. Recent non-injection drug use was associated with divorced marital status (AOR 2.00, 95% CI 1.07, 3.74), temporary marriage (AOR 4.31 [1.79, 10.40]), had &gt;&nbsp;30 clients per month (AOR 2.76 [1.29, 5.90]), ever alcohol use (AOR 3.03 [1.92, 6.79]), and history of incarceration (AOR 7.65 [3.89, 15.30]). Similarly, lifetime injection drug use was associated with ever alcohol use (AOR 2.74 [1.20-6.20]), ever incarceration (AOR 5.06 [2.48-10.28]), and ever group sex (AOR 2.44 [1.21-4.92]).ConclusionsNon-injection and injection drug use are prevalent among street-based FSWs in Iran. Further prevention programs are needed to address and reduce harms associated with drug use among this vulnerable population in Iran