7,517 research outputs found
Media Consumption and the Construction of Diasporic Identities of Youth of Pakistani Origin in Britain
The topic of this thesis is âMedia Consumption and the Construction of Diasporic Iden-tities of Youth of Pakistani Origin in Britainâ. This research aims to investigate interplay between consumption of media and the construction of identity of young people of Pakistani heritage born and brought up in Britain, known as British-Pakistanis. Role of media has been recognized as a part of social institutions that contribute to formation of identity. The overpowering presence of media in everyday life and penetration of digital media into personal lives relate in many ways to the construction and expression of iden-tities including those of diasporas. The interactive nature of digital media has trans-formed the character of media consumers from passive receivers to producers as well, which also invokes reflexivity leading to discovery and construction of various facets of identity. The identity of Pakistani diaspora, predominantly Muslim, came into focus in the aftermath of 9/11 and 7/7 because of involvement of young Muslim men in these incidences, which led to association of terrorism with the Muslims and gave rise to phenomenon of âIslamophobiaâ in which media also played a significant role by portray-ing Muslims in a peculiar way. The research was carried out in two cities London and Bradford. Choosing qualitative method suitable to such research, 20 focus groups were conducted with total of 160 participants in the categories of age groups 18-24 and 25-30 with subcategories of Male only, Female only and Mixed groups. Besides this a ques-tionnaire was also circulated to collect some quantitative data about the consumption pattern in terms of type of media and content accessed. Data was analysed in the light of theories about media and diasporas in globalized world and emergence of Islam and Muslims as security threat to the West in physical as well as ideological sense
A New Scheme for Minimizing Malicious Behavior of Mobile Nodes in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks
The performance of Mobile Ad hoc networks (MANET) depends on the cooperation
of all active nodes. However, supporting a MANET is a cost-intensive activity
for a mobile node. From a single mobile node perspective, the detection of
routes as well as forwarding packets consume local CPU time, memory,
network-bandwidth, and last but not least energy. We believe that this is one
of the main factors that strongly motivate a mobile node to deny packet
forwarding for others, while at the same time use their services to deliver its
own data. This behavior of an independent mobile node is commonly known as
misbehaving or selfishness. A vast amount of research has already been done for
minimizing malicious behavior of mobile nodes. However, most of them focused on
the methods/techniques/algorithms to remove such nodes from the MANET. We
believe that the frequent elimination of such miss-behaving nodes never allowed
a free and faster growth of MANET. This paper provides a critical analysis of
the recent research wok and its impact on the overall performance of a MANET.
In this paper, we clarify some of the misconceptions in the understating of
selfishness and miss-behavior of nodes. Moreover, we propose a mathematical
model that based on the time division technique to minimize the malicious
behavior of mobile nodes by avoiding unnecessary elimination of bad nodes. Our
proposed approach not only improves the resource sharing but also creates a
consistent trust and cooperation (CTC) environment among the mobile nodes. The
simulation results demonstrate the success of the proposed approach that
significantly minimizes the malicious nodes and consequently maximizes the
overall throughput of MANET than other well known schemes.Comment: 10 pages IEEE format, International Journal of Computer Science and
Information Security, IJCSIS July 2009, ISSN 1947 5500, Impact Factor 0.42
Treading on eggshells: âdoingâ feminism in educational research
This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Taylor & Francis via the DOI in this recordâŻThis paper explores the contradictions of âdoingâ feminist research, and how the materiality of engaging in fieldwork magnifies the gap between âidealâ versus âactualâ feminist ways of conducting research. Drawing on my Doctoral research with British-Pakistani mothers of children with SEND, I explore the ethical and methodological challenges of engaging with feminist methodology and how this contributes value to the research process when working with marginalized groups. I examine three principles of undertaking feminist methodology; firstly, the ethical challenges arising from conducting unstructured interviews in a non-therapeutic context with vulnerable participants. Secondly, I explore how feminist researchers can positively contribute to making a practical difference in the lives of the women they research with, thereby going beyond how feminist values of reciprocity and responsibility towards participants have traditionally been implemented in the field. Finally, I consider utilizing theoretical frameworks which help analyse data to reveal sites for social change. This paper concludes by noting that traditional feminist methods may not always be more ethical, and that as feminist researchers we must be willing to adopt a holistic view of feminist values, where the vulnerabilities of the researcher and participants are both respected and where methodology is adjusted accordingly
Treading on Eggshells: Doing Feminism in Educational Research
The file attached to this record is the author's final peer reviewed version. The Publisher's final version can be found by following the DOI link.This paper explores the contradictions of âdoingâ feminist research, and
how the materiality of engaging in fieldwork magnifies the gap between
âidealâ versus âactualâ feminist ways of conducting research. Drawing on
my Doctoral research with British-Pakistani mothers of children with
SEND, I explore the ethical and methodological challenges of engaging
with feminist methodology and how this contributes value to the
research process when working with marginalized groups. I examine
three principles of undertaking feminist methodology; firstly, the ethical
challenges arising from conducting unstructured interviews in a nontherapeutic
context with vulnerable participants. Secondly, I explore how
feminist researchers can positively contribute to making a practical
difference in the lives of the women they research with, thereby going
beyond how feminist values of reciprocity and responsibility towards
participants have traditionally been implemented in the field. Finally, I
consider utilizing theoretical frameworks which help analyse data to
reveal sites for social change. This paper concludes by noting that
traditional feminist methods may not always be more ethical, and that
as feminist researchers we must be willing to adopt a holistic view of
feminist values, where the vulnerabilities of the researcher and
participants are both respected and where methodology is adjusted
accordingly
Exploring British Pakistani mothersâ perception of their child with disability: insights from a UK context
This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Wiley via the DOI in this recordâŻThis research lends insight into disabling discourses on South Asian families of children with disabilities. It explores immigrant Pakistani maternal understanding of their children's disability, uniquely through an educational perspective, highlighting maternal roles which schools must acknowledge to improve outcomes for children. The findings of this research, supported by a literature review, highlight various ideological threads shaping maternal understanding of disability and their children's schooling experiences. Data were collected through multiple case studies of immigrant Pakistani mothers of disabled children at Westchester School, incorporating semiâstructured interviews and reviewing pupilsâ school files. After a process of open coding, the main themes emerging from interviews suggested maternal perceptions of disability evolved from a medicalised lens, onto identifying with structural barriers to children's progress, and a gendered lens. Both maternal perceptions and their professional interactions determined maternal accounts of their children's schooling experiences. This research highlights positive familial factors shaping maternal understanding of disability, supporting further studies into maternal advocacy and empowerment within UK special education
Risk of uterine rupture after the partographic \u27alert\u27 line is crossed--an additional dimension in the quest towards safe motherhood in labour following caesarean section
To determine if prolonged active phase of labour is associated with increased risk of uterine scar rupture in labour following previous lower segment caesarean section, a retrospective cohort study (1988-91) was done to analyse active phase partographs of 236 patients undergoing trial of labour following caesarean section, 7 (3%) of whom had scar rupture. After onset of active phase (3 cm cervical dilatation), a 1 cm/h line was used to indicate alert . A zonal partogram was developed by dividing the active phase partographs into 5 time zones: A (area to the left of alert line), B (0-1 h after alert line), C (1-2 h after alert line), D (2-3 h after alert line) and EF (\u3e 3 h after alert line). The relative risk of uterine scar rupture was calculated for different partographic time zones. The relative risk of uterine scar rupture was 10.5 (95% confidence interval 1.3-85.5, p = 0.01) at 1 hour after crossing the alert line; 8.0 (95% confidence interval 1.6-40.3, p = 0.009) at 2 hours after crossing the alert line; and 7.0 (95% confidence interval 1.6-29, p = 0.02) at 3 hours after crossing the alert line. In women undergoing trial of labour following caesarean section, prolonged active phase of labour is associated with increased risk of uterine rupture. A zonal partogram may be helpful in assessing this risk in actively labouring women who cross the partographic alert line
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