Notice and Intervention in ICWA CINA Cases 1992

This study is a preliminary investigation of the relationship between the notice requirement and intervention in a sample of Indian Child Welfare Act (ICWA) Child in Need of Aid (CINA) cases in Alaska in 1992. A randomized sample by geographic district of all active Alaska Native children cases drawn from the "Prober" computerized database of the Alaska Division of Family and Youth Services (DFYS) constituted the study population. Data collection occurred through review of social workers' case files in Juneau, Fairbanks, Bethel, and Anchorage

Felony Definition: A White Paper

As part of a larger project to improve the quality and timeliness of Alaska criminal history records, the Alaska Department of Public Safety intends to upgrade the Alaska Public Safety Information Network (APSIN) to provide an indicator to show whether a conviction is for a felony or a misdemeanor. This white paper presents an operational definition of felony which accommodates the limits of APSIN by referring to data fields currently available and makes recommendations to alleviate ambiguity about the category of offense for convictions which can be either felony or misdemeanor.Alaska Department of Public Safet

The Changing Legal Environment and ICWA in Alaska: A Regional Study

By 1974, according to the Association of American Indian Affairs, approximately 25 to 35 percent of all Indian children were separated from their families and placed in foster homes, adoptive homes, or institutions.The Indian Child Welfare Act (ICWA) was passed in 1978 in response to this overwhelming evidence that Native children were being adopted out of tribes at alarming rates. ICWA mandates that tribes and Alaska Native villages have jurisdiction over their child welfare cases, and mandates certain rules when Native children's cases are heard in state courts, including permitting the tribe to intervene in the state case at any time, higher levels of proof, and special evidentiary requirements. This report describes the current implementation status of ICWA in Interior and Southcentral Alaska, with an analysis of the changing legal environment and its significance for Alaska Native villages. In Alaska, recent changes in state law and state court acceptance of the tribal role in ICWA proceedings has legally eliminated state resistance to tribes transferring cases from state court to their own forums, and may lead to a change in the numbers of cases heard in tribal courts in Alaska.Bureau of Indian AffairsAcknowledgements / Introduction / Historical Analysis of ICWA Implementation in Alaska / Ethnographic analysis of ICWA implementation in Alaska / Conclusion / Recommendations / Bibliography / Appendix: Eklutna Questionnair

Child Welfare and Alaska Native Tribal Governance: A Pilot Project in Kake, Alaska — Report of Findings

This report details research on child welfare decision-making in Kake in the context of a proposed ordinance for the establishment of an organized tribal court in the village. The tribal court did not, in fact, come into being at that time, but the researchers were able to follow the development of a different local decision-making approach — circle sentencing. The research revealed that welfare issues and problems were handled through a variety of informal and formal methods that reflected Tlingit cultural emphases. Ideas arising from outside, such as circle sentencing, were selectively adapted.National Science FoundationOverview / Responding to Children's Cases / Choice of Foru

Walking the Talk: A Guide to Assessment Using the CAPRA Community Problem Solving Model

CAPRA is a community problem-solving model with five stages: C = Clients, A = Analysis, P = Partnership, R = Response, and A = Assessment. CAPRA was the problem-solving method used by the Alaska Native and Technical Resource Center (ANTARC). This guide describes the final stage of the CAPRA model—assessment—including the reasons for conducing an assessment, the documentation needed and why it is needed, and methods for evaluation. Discussion is with a particular focus on assessment methods for community problem-solvers in rural Alaska Native villages. Some background about CAPRA is assumed.What is Assessment? / Why do we do Assessment? / Assessment = Documentation + Evaluation / Documentation / Evaluation / How Do We Deal With those Who Object to Assessment? / What DO We Do With Our Assessment? / Conclusio

Alaska Native Technical Assistance and Resource Center: Final Report

Too often, federal and state justice programs directed at rural, predominately Alaska Native villages do not sufficiently coordinate planning and funding, and are not tailored to fit local cultures and needs. The language and institutional contexts of granting agencies and requests for proposals for grants frame justice problems and their solutions in ways that may or may not relate to the experiences of Alaska Native villages. The Alaska Native Technical Resource Center (ANTARC) was designed as a three-year project to improve village capacity to identify problems and educate the university and granting agencies about the nature of their justice problems and the resources needed to implement solutions. The initial group involved the Justice Center and four rural communities — Gulkana, Kotlik, Wainwright, and Yakutat — with representatives from the communities chosen by village leaders. This report examines ANTARC's evolution, considers its implementation, evaluates the results, and presents recommendations for promoting effective change in Alaska Native villages.Bureau of Justice Assistance, United States Department of Justice Award No. 1999-LB-VX-002Introduction / The Evolution of Antarc / Structure of the Project / Implementation / Evaluating Results / Concluding Recommendations / References / Appendix 1: Proceedings of the March 1999 Antarc Workshop / Appendix 2: Proceedings of the November 1999 Antarc Workshop / Appendix 3: Capra Training Materials / Appendix 4: Evaluation Training Workshop Material

Metabolic labelling of DNA in cells by means of the “photoclick” reaction triggered by visible light

Two pyrene-tetrazole conjugates were synthesized as photoreactive chromophores that allow for the first time the combination of metabolic labelling of DNA in cells and subsequent bioorthogonal “photoclick” modification triggered by visible light. Two strained alkenes and three alkene-modified nucleosides were used as reactive counterparts and revealed no major differences in their “photoclick” reactivity. This is a significant advantage because it allows 5-vinyl-2′-deoxyuridine to be applied as the smallest possible alkene-modified nucleoside for metabolic labelling of DNA in cells. Both pyrene-tetrazole conjugates show fluorogenicity during the “photoclick” reactions, which is a second advantage for cellular imaging. Living HeLa cells were incubated with 5-vinyl-2′-deoxyuridine for 48 h to ensure one cell division. After fixation, the newly synthesized genomic DNA was successfully labelled by irradiation with visible light at 405 nm and 450 nm. This method is an attractive tool for the visualization of genomic DNA in cells with full spatiotemporal control by the use of visible light as a reaction trigger

Zweisprachiger Spracherwerb: Longitudinalstudie anhand schriftlicher Texte der Hermagoras-Volksschule — Digitalisierung, Auszeichnung, Auswertung

Projektberich

Tunable Protein Stabilization In Vivo Mediated by Shield-1 in Transgenic Medaka: Research Article

Techniques for conditional gene or protein expression are important tools in developmental biology and in the analysis of physiology and disease. On the protein level, the tunable and reversible expression of proteins can be achieved by the fusion of the protein of interest to a destabilizing domain (DD). In the absence of its specific ligand (Shield-1), the protein is degraded by the proteasome. The DD-Shield system has proven to be an excellent tool to regulate the expression of proteins of interests in mammalian systems but has not been applied in teleosts like the medaka. We present the application of the DD-Shield technique in transgenic medaka and show the ubiquitous conditional expression throughout life. Shield-1 administration to the water leads to concentration-dependent induction of a YFP reporter gene in various organs and in spermatogonia at the cellular level

EGFR associated expression profiles vary with breast tumor subtype

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR/HER1) and its downstream signaling events are important for regulating cell growth and behavior in many epithelial tumors types. In breast cancer, the role of EGFR is complex and appears to vary relative to important clinical features including estrogen receptor (ER) status. To investigate EGFR-signaling using a genomics approach, several breast basal-like and luminal epithelial cell lines were examined for sensitivity to EGFR inhibitors. An EGFR-associated gene expression signature was identified in the basal-like SUM102 cell line and was used to classify a diverse set of sporadic breast tumors.</p> <p>Results</p> <p><it>In vitro</it>, breast basal-like cell lines were more sensitive to EGFR inhibitors compared to luminal cell lines. The basal-like tumor derived lines were also the most sensitive to carboplatin, which acted synergistically with cetuximab. An EGFR-associated signature was developed <it>in vitro</it>, evaluated on 241 primary breast tumors; three distinct clusters of genes were evident <it>in vivo</it>, two of which were predictive of poor patient outcomes. These EGFR-associated poor prognostic signatures were highly expressed in almost all basal-like tumors and many of the HER2+/ER- and Luminal B tumors.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>These results suggest that breast basal-like cell lines are sensitive to EGFR inhibitors and carboplatin, and this combination may also be synergistic. <it>In vivo</it>, the EGFR-signatures were of prognostic value, were associated with tumor subtype, and were uniquely associated with the high expression of distinct EGFR-RAS-MEK pathway genes.</p