An Investigation of Feral Children and Original Sin

In lieu of an abstract, below is the essay\u27s first paragraph. The subject of feral children has often been explored from a variety of viewpoints and angles. Frequently, such topics as education, language acquisition, emotional stability, mental stability and behavioral patterns are reviewed. However, the motive of actions or the inherent tendency of feral children to behave one way or another is often overlooked. The question remains whether feral children (prior to their integration into society), are in possession of original sin. Many maintain that all humans are born with an inherent desire to do evil. However, is it the result of social stimulation or merely an innate propensity to sin? Before such a question can be answered, a short discourse on original sin is necessary. Thus, I intend to explore and discuss the theories of original sin presented by both St. Augustine and Jean Jacques Rousseau. After creating a basis for understanding original sin, case studies of various feral children (including the wolf-girls of India, Genie and Victor of Aveyron) will be reviewed. These case studies will allow analysis of the theory of original sin in feral children. I hope to explore whether feral children possess a sin nature even though they have not been exposed to society and have been living ―innocent‖ wild lives. Furthermore, I wish to explore what solution or salvation remains for feral children and humanity in general, if indeed humanity is ―cursed‖ with a sin nature

Joan of Arc & Francis of Assisi: Some Parallels

In lieu of an abstract, below is the essay\u27s first paragraph. and passionate about their God. Despite the fact that they lived at different times in history, both were revolutionaries in their own way. As such, these auspicious individuals warrant the attention of people today. The biographies, writings, stained glass paintings and prayers of these saints give us a small glimpse into their character

Joan of Arc & Francis of Assisi: Some Parallels

In lieu of an abstract, below is the essay\u27s first paragraph. and passionate about their God. Despite the fact that they lived at different times in history, both were revolutionaries in their own way. As such, these auspicious individuals warrant the attention of people today. The biographies, writings, stained glass paintings and prayers of these saints give us a small glimpse into their character

An Investigation of Feral Children and Original Sin

In lieu of an abstract, below is the essay\u27s first paragraph. The subject of feral children has often been explored from a variety of viewpoints and angles. Frequently, such topics as education, language acquisition, emotional stability, mental stability and behavioral patterns are reviewed. However, the motive of actions or the inherent tendency of feral children to behave one way or another is often overlooked. The question remains whether feral children (prior to their integration into society), are in possession of original sin. Many maintain that all humans are born with an inherent desire to do evil. However, is it the result of social stimulation or merely an innate propensity to sin? Before such a question can be answered, a short discourse on original sin is necessary. Thus, I intend to explore and discuss the theories of original sin presented by both St. Augustine and Jean Jacques Rousseau. After creating a basis for understanding original sin, case studies of various feral children (including the wolf-girls of India, Genie and Victor of Aveyron) will be reviewed. These case studies will allow analysis of the theory of original sin in feral children. I hope to explore whether feral children possess a sin nature even though they have not been exposed to society and have been living ―innocent‖ wild lives. Furthermore, I wish to explore what solution or salvation remains for feral children and humanity in general, if indeed humanity is ―cursed‖ with a sin nature

Richter Hernia

Richter hernia is a less known entity of the hernia family. Although not well known and overall rare, Richter hernias can lead to grave clinical sequelae. The definition of Richter hernia is a herniation of the anti-mesenteric portion of the bowel through a fascial defect. This exact phenomenon explains the often subclinical symptoms and late presentation. With the advent of minimally invasive surgery, there was an increase in the incidence of Richter hernias, which has only continued as minimally invasive surgeries become more popular. Operative treatment of Richter hernias depends on the viability of the involved bowel and may often require bowel resection in addition to repair of the fascial defect

A multicenter cohort study of early complications after cranioplasty: results of the German Cranial Reconstruction Registry

OBJECTIVE Cranioplasty (CP) is a crucial procedure after decompressive craniectomy and has a significant impact on neurological improvement. Although CP is considered a standard neurosurgical procedure, inconsistent data on surgery-related complications after CP are available. To address this topic, the authors analyzed 502 patients in a prospective multicenter database (German Cranial Reconstruction Registry) with regard to early surgery-related complications. METHODS Early complications within 30 days, medical history, mortality rates, and neurological outcome at discharge according to the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) were evaluated. The primary endpoint was death or surgical revision within the first 30 days after CP. Independent factors for the occurrence of complications with or without surgical revision were identified using a logistic regression model. RESULTS Traumatic brain injury (TBI) and ischemic stroke were the most common underlying diagnoses that required CP. In 230 patients (45.8%), an autologous bone flap was utilized for CP; the most common engineered materials were titanium (80 patients [15.9%]), polyetheretherketone (57[11.4%]), and polymethylmethacrylate (57[11.4%]). Surgical revision was necessary in 45 patients (9.0%), and the overall mortality rate was 0.8% (4 patients). The cause of death was related to ischemia in 2 patients, diffuse intraparenchymal hemorrhage in 1 patient, and cardiac complications in 1 patient. The most frequent causes of surgical revision were epidural hematoma (40.0% of all revisions), new hydrocephalus (22.0%), and subdural hematoma (13.3%). Preoperatively increased mRS score (OR 1.46, 95% CI 1.08-1.97, p = 0.014) and American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status Classification System score (OR 2.89, 95% CI 1.42-5.89, p = 0.003) were independent predictors of surgical revision. Ischemic stroke, as the underlying diagnosis, was associated with a minor rate of revisions compared with TBI (OR 0.18, 95% CI 0.06-0.57, p = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS The authors have presented class II evidence-based data on surgery-related complications after CP and have identified specific preexisting risk factors. These results may provide additional guidance for optimized treatment of these patients

A multicenter cohort study of early complications after cranioplasty: results of the German Cranial Reconstruction Registry

OBJECTIVE Cranioplasty (CP) is a crucial procedure after decompressive craniectomy and has a significant impact on neurological improvement. Although CP is considered a standard neurosurgical procedure, inconsistent data on surgery-related complications after CP are available. To address this topic, the authors analyzed 502 patients in a prospective multicenter database (German Cranial Reconstruction Registry) with regard to early surgery-related complications. METHODS Early complications within 30 days, medical history, mortality rates, and neurological outcome at discharge according to the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) were evaluated. The primary endpoint was death or surgical revision within the first 30 days after CP. Independent factors for the occurrence of complications with or without surgical revision were identified using a logistic regression model. RESULTS Traumatic brain injury (TBI) and ischemic stroke were the most common underlying diagnoses that required CP. In 230 patients (45.8%), an autologous bone flap was utilized for CP; the most common engineered materials were titanium (80 patients [15.9%]), polyetheretherketone (57[11.4%]), and polymethylmethacrylate (57[11.4%]). Surgical revision was necessary in 45 patients (9.0%), and the overall mortality rate was 0.8% (4 patients). The cause of death was related to ischemia in 2 patients, diffuse intraparenchymal hemorrhage in 1 patient, and cardiac complications in 1 patient. The most frequent causes of surgical revision were epidural hematoma (40.0% of all revisions), new hydrocephalus (22.0%), and subdural hematoma (13.3%). Preoperatively increased mRS score (OR 1.46, 95% CI 1.08-1.97, p = 0.014) and American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status Classification System score (OR 2.89, 95% CI 1.42-5.89, p = 0.003) were independent predictors of surgical revision. Ischemic stroke, as the underlying diagnosis, was associated with a minor rate of revisions compared with TBI (OR 0.18, 95% CI 0.06-0.57, p = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS The authors have presented class II evidence-based data on surgery-related complications after CP and have identified specific preexisting risk factors. These results may provide additional guidance for optimized treatment of these patients