Exploring Astronautical Dentistry: A Review

The Human body reacts differently in different environment(s). With development in the field of astronomy, long distance trip to another planet is now possible. These trips require humans to stay in zero gravity conditions for a long time. Simulated microgravity is the best way to assess the physiologic changes in near zero gravity conditions, as it is not always possible to conduct scientific experiments in space. The purpose of this review is to determine the effects of zero gravity on oral cavity

A Review of Obesity and its management in Ayurveda

Ayurveda is originated from the Atharvaveda and was preached by Lord Brahma. Its Prayojana is to maintain the health of healthy and to cure the diseases of diseased. In Ayurveda, Sthaulya has been described in all the literatures. Acharya Charaka has described Sthaulya Purusha mong one of the Ashta Nindita Purusha. Sthaulya is caused due to Medovriddhi which includes abnormal and excessive accumulation of Medodhatu in the body. This is caused by frequent and excessive intake of Madhur and Snigdhaahara, lack of physical and mental exercises. These all results into the increase in Kapha Dosha and Medo Dhatu results in the Sthaulya. In modern science, Sthaulya can be compared to the obesity. Obesity is one of the metabolic disorder. WHO considers obesity as a Global epidemic and a public health problem. It is estimated that more than 300 million adults are obese and many are overweight. Sthaulya (obesity) is discouraged by the society for social as well as on the medical grounds. Three main causes have been described in modern literature viz. Dietetic, Genetic and Hormonal. Person of every age and sex is suffering by this widely spreaded epidemic i.e. obesity. It is the major chronic disease in developing as well as in developed countries. The line of treatment includes the treatment of Dhatvagnimandya. In pathogenesis of Sthaulya, Kledaka Kapha, Samana and Vyana Vayu, Meda (fat /lipid) and Medodhatvagni Mandyata are main responsible factors. So the proper treatment should be selected, that can effect on all these factors

Dissolution of Chalcogens in Amine Thiol Solvents for Use in Nanoparticles

Lead chalcogenide quantum dots have been shown to be ideal materials for solar cells due to their tunable band gap. Developing a dissolution procedure for chalcogens will help lower the production cost of the solar cells produced by the associated nanoparticles. Dissolution was performed in both aqueous and nonaqueous solutions. Precursors for sulfur and selnium were dissolved in both the aqueous solution of ammonium thioglycolate and ammonium hydroxide and in combinations of amines and thiols. Precursors for tellurium were dissolved in ethylenediamine and different thiols. Lead telluride forms larger microparticles that can be suitable for thermoelectric devices. The optimum solutions and solvent ratios were determined by analyzing XRD, SEM, and TEM of the nanoparticles. The results from these characterizations also helped identify which nanoparticles were the right sizes for quantum dot solar cells and for thermoelectric devices. The lead sulfide nanoparticles that were synthesized were around 5-10 nanometers in size. This dissolution process will help to further advance the knowledge on low energy payback times for nanoparticle synthesis processes

Posttraumatic chronic ossified extradural hematoma: a rare case report

Abstract Posttraumatic Chronic ossified extradural hematomas are rare entities. Natural absorption of EDH does not occurs due to calcification. Chronic ossified EDH is frequently present in paediatric age group. Careful regular follow-up is mandatory in conservatively managed case of EDH in children. We report a rare case of Posttraumatic Chronic ossified extradural hematomas in a 10-years old girl presenting six years after head injury with right temporal region swelling

Posttraumatic chronic ossified extradural hematoma: A rare case report

Posttraumatic Chronic ossified extradural hematomas are rare entities. Natural absorption of EDH does not occurs due to calcification. Chronic ossified EDH is frequently present in paediatric age group. Careful regular follow-up is mandatory in conservatively managed case of EDH in children. We report a rare case of Posttraumatic Chronic ossified extradural hematomas in a 10-years old girl presenting six years after head injury with right temporal region swelling

Association of Plasma Circulatory Markers, Chlamydia pneumoniae, and High Sensitive C-Reactive Protein in Coronary Artery Disease Patients of India

Plasma inflammatory markers have been shown to be predictors for cardiovascular risk, however, there is no study where the levels of plasma circulatory markers have been evaluated in coronary artery disease patients (CAD pts) positive for C. pneumoniae IgA and high sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) which may help in better understanding of disease pathogenesis. A total of 192 patients and 192 controls attending the Cardiology Outpatient Department of Safdarjung Hospital were enrolled. The levels of plasma circulatory inflammatory markers were evaluated by ELISA. The levels of circulatory plasma markers (IL-4, IL-8, IL-13, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1) were significantly higher, whereas, levels of IL-10 and IFN-γ were significantly lower in CAD pts compared to healthy controls. The levels of IL-4, IL-8, and ICAM-1 (P = .007, .015, and .048) were significantly higher, however, IL-10 and IFN-γ were significantly lower (P < .001, < .001) in C. pneumoniae IgA positive CAD pts. The levels of IL-4, IL-8, IL-13, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1 were higher but not significant and levels of IL-10 and IFN-γ were significantly (P < .001, < .001) lower in hsCRP positive CAD pts. Our study suggested that circulatory cytokines, namely, IL-4, IL-8, and adhesive molecules like ICAM-1 were enhanced after infection with C. pneumoniae whereas in contrast to this IL-10 and IFN-λ were lowered. Suggesting the important role of these cytokines in progression of CAD

Thoracic spine stab injury with pneumocephalus and pneumorrhachiasis: A unique case report and review of literature

Trauma to skull base or sinus is the most common cause of pneumocephalus. There are only few published reports of traumatic pneumocephalus secondary to penetrating injury of upper spine, epidural anaesthesia and lumber puncture. Till date only one case of pneumocephalus and pneumorrhachiasis after thoracic spine stab injury is reported in available English literature that too associated without any neurological deficit. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of pneumocephalus and pneumorrhachiasis after thoracic spine stab injury with asymmetrical, incomplete spinal cord injury leading to neurological deficit in the patient. The management protocol of such injuries needs to be individualised for better outcome

Objective assessment of progressive increase in bite force post surgical correction of mandibular fractures using Nupai bite scan analyser

Background: Fracture of mandible is a common condition which is increasing in incidence in the trauma centers due to increasing motor vehicles and failure to abide by traffic regulations. Patients undergo surgical open reduction and internal fixation where post-operative occlusion and normal masticatory functions are targeted. Bite force can be taken as a guide of normal masticatory function of an individual which is dependent upon craniomandibular biomechanics. The aim of the study was to analyse bite force measurements post-operatively in patients who underwent open reduction and internal fixation for mandible fractures at different sites.Methods: Molar bite force was recorded in 31 post-operative patients who underwent open surgical procedure for fracture mandible in the department of plastic surgery from January 2018 to June 2019 by a pre-scale bite force recorder-Nupai bite force prescale system (FujiTM). Various parameters were recorded pre and post-operatively including age, gender, history, comorbidities, requirement of MMF, site and number of fractures and age of injury. Bite force were compared and improvement of bite force every 2 weeks was noted and analyzed upto 6 weeks postoperatively.Results: Bite force improvement was seen in all types of mandible fractures irrespective of the site and type of fractures over a period of 6 weeks post-operatively. This improvement was however not statistically significant. Decreased time interval form injury to surgery resulted in improved bite force measurements though not statistically significant.Conclusions: Although objective improvement in bite force could be demonstrated but extensive study involving more subjects and more patient variables would have statistical significance