695 research outputs found
Neutral perfect fluids of Majumdar-type in general relativity
We consider the extension of the Majumdar-type class of static solutions for
the Einstein-Maxwell equations, proposed by Ida to include charged perfect
fluid sources. We impose the equation of state and discuss
spherically symmetric solutions for the linear potential equation satisfied by
the metric. In this particular case the fluid charge density vanishes and we
locate the arising neutral perfect fluid in the intermediate region defined by
two thin shells with respective charges and . With its innermost flat
and external (Schwarzschild) asymptotically flat spacetime regions, the
resultant condenser-like geometries resemble solutions discussed by Cohen and
Cohen in a different context. We explore this relationship and point out an
exotic gravitational property of our neutral perfect fluid. We mention possible
continuations of this study to embrace non-spherically symmetric situations and
higher dimensional spacetimes.Comment: 9 page
Sodium Intake from Foods Exceeds Recommended Limits in the Spanish Population: The ANIBES Study
Excessive sodium consumption is associated with adverse health effects. An elevated dietary intake of salt (sodium chloride) has been related to high blood pressure or hypertension, a major but modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease, as well as to other ill health conditions. In the present work, our aim was to describe the contribution of foods to sodium consumption within the Spanish population in a representative sample from the "anthropometric data, macronutrients and micronutrients intake, practice of physical activity, socioeconomic data and lifestyles in Spain" (ANIBES) study (9-75 years), to identify high consumer groups, as well as the major food groups that contribute to sodium intake in the Spanish diet. Intakes were assessed by 3-day food records collected on a tablet device. Sodium intakes across the ANIBES study population exceeded recommendations, as total intakes reached 2025 ± 805 mg of sodium per day, that is approximately 5.06 g/day of salt (excluding discretionary salt, added at the table or during cooking). Sodium intakes were higher in males than in females and within the youngest groups. Main dietary sources of sodium were meat and meat products (27%), cereals and grains (26%), milk and dairy products (14%) and ready-to-eat meals (13%). Given the established health benefits of dietary salt reduction, it would be advisable to continue and even improve the current national initiatives of awareness and educational campaigns and particularly food reformulation to decrease overall salt intakes across the Spanish population
Updating the Food-Based Dietary Guidelines for the Spanish Population: The Spanish Society of Community Nutrition (SENC) Proposal
Diet-related risk factors and physical inactivity are among the leading risk factors for disability and are responsible for a large proportion of the burden of chronic non-communicable diseases. Food-based dietary guidelines (FBDGs) are useful tools for nutrition policies and public health strategies to promote healthier eating and physical activity. In this paper, we discuss the process followed in developing the dietary guidelines for the Spanish population by the Spanish Society of Community Nutrition (SENC) and further explain the collaboration with primary healthcare practitioners as presented in the context of the NUTRIMAD 2018 international congress of SENC. From a health in all policies approach, SENC convened a group of experts in nutrition and public health to review the evidence on diet-health, nutrient intake and food consumption in the Spanish population, as well as food preparation, determinants and impact of diet on environmental sustainability. The collaborative group drafted the document and designed the graphic icon, which was then subject to a consultation process, discussion, and qualitative evaluation. Next, a collaborative group was established to plan a dissemination strategy, involving delegates from all the primary healthcare scientific societies in Spain. A product of this collaboration was the release of an attractive, easy-to-understand publication
Presenting a simplified assistant tool for breast cancer diagnosis in mammography to radiologists
This paper proposes a method to simplify a computational model from logistic regression for clinical use without computer. The model was built using human interpreted featrues including some BI-RADS standardized features for diagnosing the malignant masses. It was compared with the diagnosis using only assessment categorization from BI-RADS. The research aims at assisting radiologists to diagnose the malignancy of breast cancer in a way without using automated computer aided diagnosis system
Dietary Intake, Nutritional Adequacy and Food Sources of Total Fat and Fatty Acids, and Relationships with Personal and Family Factors in Spanish Children Aged One to <10 Years: Results of the EsNuPI Study
We aimed to determine the usual intake of total fat, fatty acids (FAs), and their main food
sources in a representative cohort of the Spanish pediatric population aged 1 to <10 years (n = 707)
who consumed all types of milk and an age-matched cohort who consumed adapted milk over the last
year (including follow-on formula, toddler’s milk, growing-up milk, and fortified and enriched milks)
(n = 741) who were participants in the EsNuPI study (in English, Nutritional Study in the Spanish
Pediatric Population). Dietary intake, measured through two 24 h dietary recalls, was compared to
the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (UN-FAO) recommendations. Both cohorts showed a high intake of saturated fatty acids
(SFAs), according to FAO recommendations, as there are no numerical recommendations for SFAs at
EFSA. Also, low intake of essential fatty acids (EFAs; linoleic acid (LA) and α-linolenic acid (ALA))
and long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) of the n-3 series, mainly docosahexaenoic
acid (DHA) were observed according to EFSA and FAO recommendations. The three main sources of
total fat and different FAs were milk and dairy products, oils and fats, and meat and meat products.
The consumption of adapted milk was one of the main factors associated with better adherence to
the nutritional recommendations of total fat, SFAs, EFAs, PUFAs; and resulted as the main factor
associated with better adherence to n-3 fatty acids intake recommendations. Knowledge of the dietary
intake and food sources of total fat and FAs in children could help in designing and promoting
effective and practical age-targeted guidelines to promote the consumption of EFA- and n-3 PUFA-rich
foods in this stage of life
Four millennia of Iberian biomolecular prehistory illustrate the impact of prehistoric migrations at the far end of Eurasia
Population genomic studies of ancient human remains have shown how modern-day European population structure has been shaped by a number of prehistoric migrations. The Neolithization of Europe has been associated with large-scale migrations from Anatolia, which was followed by migrations of herders from the Pontic steppe at the onset of the Bronze Age. Southwestern Europe was one of the last parts of the continent reached by these migrations, and modern-day populations from this region show intriguing similarities to the initial Neolithic migrants. Partly due to climatic conditions that are unfavorable for DNA preservation, regional studies on the Mediterranean remain challenging. Here, we present genome-wide sequence data from 13 individuals combined with stable isotope analysis from the north and south of Iberia covering a four-millennial temporal transect (7, 500–3, 500 BP). Early Iberian farmers and Early Central European farmers exhibit significant genetic differences, suggesting two independent fronts of the Neolithic expansion. The first Neolithic migrants that arrived in Iberia had low levels of genetic diversity, potentially reflecting a small number of individuals; this diversity gradually increased over time from mixing with local hunter-gatherers and potential population expansion. The impact of post-Neolithic migrations on Iberia was much smaller than for the rest of the continent, showing little external influence from the Neolithic to the Bronze Age. Paleodietary reconstruction shows that these populations have a remarkable degree of dietary homogeneity across space and time, suggesting a strong reliance on terrestrial food resources despite changing culture and genetic make-up
Energy Intake, Macronutrient Profile and Food Sources of Spanish Children Aged One to <10 Years—Results from the EsNuPI Study
Abstract: The present study aimed to assess energy intake, nutrient profile and food sources in Spanish
children participating in the EsNuPI (“Estudio Nutricional en Población Infantil Española”) study.
Plausibility of energy intake and adequacy of nutrient intakes to international recommendations were
analyzed in a final sample of 1448 subjects (728 boys and 720 girls) and one group representative
of the 1 to <10 years old urban Spanish children (reference sample (n = 707)) who consumed milk
and one of the same age who consumed adapted milk over the last year (adapted milk consumers
sample (n = 741)) were compared. Both groups completed data of a face-to-face and a telephone 24-h
dietary recalls. Both the reference and the adapted milk consumers samples reported an adequate daily energy intake (1503 kcal/day and 1404 kcal/day); and a high contribution to total energy from
protein (16.5% and 15.6%) and fat (36.5% and 35.9%). Also, a high percentage of children from
both samples were below the lower limit of the recommendations for carbohydrates (47.8% and
39.3%). As the percentage of plausible energy reporters was high for both groups (84.7% and 83.5%,
respectively), data for the whole sample were analyzed. Milk and dairy, cereals, meat and derived
products, fats and oils, bakery and pastry, fruits and vegetables contributed to about 80% of the total
energy intake in both groups. However, the reference sample reported significantly more contribution
to energy from cereals, meat and meat products, bakery and pastry and ready to cook/eat foods;
meanwhile, the adapted milk consumers sample reported significantly more energy from milk and
dairy products, fruits and eggs. Those results suggest that adapted milk consumers have better
adherence to the food-based dietary guidelines. Further analyses are warranted to characterize food
patterns and the quality of the diet in the EsNuPI study population
Dietary and Lifestyle Patterns in the Spanish Pediatric Population (One to <10 Years Old): Design, Protocol, and Methodology of the EsNuPI Study
The interest in a healthy diet and lifestyle during the early stages of life increased, pointing out its role in the development of noncommunicable chronic diseases throughout adult life. Dietary habits and dietary patterns begin to be established in early childhood and persist during adulthood. Therefore, the EsNuPI ("Nutritional Study in Spanish Pediatric Population") study aims to depict the dietary patterns, physical activity, and sedentary behaviors in Spanish children aged from one to 50,000 inhabitants, stratified by Nielsen areas. Participants were involved in one face-to-face survey, followed by a telephone survey after at least one week. Information about dietary intake and habits was obtained using a quantitative food frequency questionnaire and two 24-h dietary recalls. Physical activity and sedentary behaviors were registered using a specific questionnaire based on a seven-day record. Data were processed and stratified by categorical variables to be statistically analyzed in order to meet the study objectives. This study is the first of its kind in a Spanish reference population of this age range and the first to evaluate whether the consumption of adapted milk formulas and dairy products is associated with healthier dietary patterns and better diet quality and lifestyles in this group
Clustering of Dietary Patterns, Lifestyles, and Overweight among Spanish Children and Adolescents in the ANIBES Study
Weight gain has been associated with behaviors related to diet, sedentary lifestyle, and
physical activity. We investigated dietary patterns and possible meaningful clustering of physical
activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep time in Spanish children and adolescents and whether the
identified clusters could be associated with overweight. Analysis was based on a subsample
(n = 415) of the cross-sectional ANIBES study in Spain. We performed exploratory factor analysis
and subsequent cluster analysis of dietary patterns, physical activity, sedentary behaviors, and sleep
time. Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the association between the cluster solutions
and overweight. Factor analysis identified four dietary patterns, one reflecting a profile closer to the
traditional Mediterranean diet. Dietary patterns, physical activity behaviors, sedentary behaviors
and sleep time on weekdays in Spanish children and adolescents clustered into two different groups.
A low physical activity-poorer diet lifestyle pattern, which included a higher proportion of girls, and
a high physical activity, low sedentary behavior, longer sleep duration, healthier diet lifestyle pattern.
Although increased risk of being overweight was not significant, the Prevalence Ratios (PRs) for the
low physical activity-poorer diet lifestyle pattern were >1 in children and in adolescents. The healthier
lifestyle pattern included lower proportions of children and adolescents from low socioeconomic status backgrounds
Clinical subgroups in bilateral meniere disease
Meniere disease (MD) is a heterogeneous clinical condition characterized by sensorineural hearing loss, episodic vestibular symptoms, and tinnitus associated with several comorbidities, such as migraine or autoimmune disorders (AD). The frequency of bilateral involvement may range from 5 to 50%, and it depends on the duration of the disease. We have performed a two-step cluster analysis in 398 patients with bilateral MD (BMD) to identify the best predictors to define clinical subgroups with a potential different etiology to improve the phenotyping of BMD and to develop new treatments. We have defined five clinical variants in BMD. Group 1 is the most frequently found, includes 46% of patients, and is defined by metachronic hearing loss without migraine and without AD. Group 2 is found in 17% of patients, and it is defined by synchronic hearing loss without migraine or AD. Group 3, with 13% of patients, is characterized by familial MD, while group 4, that includes 12% of patients, is associated by the presence of migraine in all cases. Group 5 is found in 11% of patients and is defined by AD. This approach can be helpful in selecting patients for genetic and clinical research. However, further studies will be required to improve the phenotyping in these clinical variants for a better understanding of the diverse etiological factors contributing to BMD
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