The law of slavery: The predicament of the slave community at the Cape

Although slavery was not permitted in the Netherlands and in Britain, it was permitted in their colonies. The practice of slavery iras introduced at the Cape shortly after the establishment of the refreshment post, and ceased in 1834, long after Britain's permanent occupation of the Cape. In this article the legal position of the slave community at the Cape is analysed by means of the new insights gained from the study of various sources in the Cape Archives. The traditional viewpoint has been that the legal position of the slave community at the Cape should be evaluated in terms of Roman Law. There is some doubt, however, about whether Roman Law, albeit in an adapted form, was applied at the Cape during this period. The viewpoint taken in this article is that the legal position of the slaves should be evaluated against the background of the frame of reference for law enforcement contained in the Statuten van Batavia (1642) and later in the Nieuwe Statuten van Batavia (1766). From the analysis made of the legal practice at the Cape it appears that this frame of reference was not applied in respect of law enforcement. It emerges, however, that the traditional viewpoint, which holds that Roman Law was applied, should be clearly qualified

THE INFLUENCE OF ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION ON NATURE CONSERVATION IN SOUTH AFRICA

This research paper aimed to explore the effectiveness of Environmental Education (EE) in promoting nature conservation in South Africa. The study examined the key factors that impact the effectiveness of EE initiatives and their contribution to sustainable conservation practices using South Africa National Parks as a case study. The research employed a qualitative approach, particularly conducting in-depth interviews, focus groups and document analysis to analyze opinions, experiences and observations related to the influence of EE on nature conservation. The findings revealed that EE plays a crucial role in fostering awareness, knowledge, and positive attitudes towards conservation principles and biodiversity. However, the effectiveness of EE is influenced by various factors, including educator training, curriculum design, stakeholder engagement, and the availability of resources and infrastructure. Therefore, the study emphasizes the need for educators, policymakers, and conservation practitioners to address these factors and enhance the effectiveness of EE programs. Ultimately, the research aims to contribute to the broader discourse on the intersection of EE and nature conservation in South Africa

Digital sculpture : technical and aesthetic considerations applicable to current input and output modes of additive fabricated sculpture

Published ArticleThis article examines the synergy between aesthetic and technical issues surrounding current input and output modes applicable to digital sculpture built by means of additive fabrication technologies. The scope is limited to select sculptural aspects that either transcend, question or fall short when measured against traditional manufacturing and aesthetic modes. Presented are a range of technical as well as aesthetic aspects that have impacted on this ''new form'' of sculpture delivery. It is indicated that irrespective of current strengths and weaknesses, for the evolving sculptor, an interactive creative partnership between technologies equally positions this ''new form'' of sculpture delivery as a leading role player towards defining a new digital aesthetic

Measurement of direct neutron capture by neutron-rich sulfur isotopes

Thermal neutron capture cross sections for $^{34}$S(n,$\gamma$)$^{35}$S and $^{36}$S(n,$\gamma$)$^{37}$S have been measured and spectroscopic factors of the final states have been extracted. The calculated direct-capture cross sections reproduce the experimental data.Comment: 4 pages (uses espcrc1.sty), 1 postscript figure (uses psfig), accepted for publication in Nucl. Phys. A (Suppl.), uuencoded tex-files and postscript-files available at ftp://is1.kph.tuwien.ac.at/pub/ohu/Stherm.u

The potential for using visual elicitation in understanding preschool teachers’ beliefs of appropriate educational practices

We explore the use of video and photo elicitation in a research study undertaken to understand the way in which preschool teachers perceive and construct their provision of children’s educational experiences. We explore the value of visually elicited interviews based on video footage and photographs captured during teaching and learning in four classrooms in two preschool settings in Kenya. Through visually elicited interviews, both the teachers and the researcher constructed meaningful conversations (interviews) to explore preschool teachers’ practical experiences and their beliefs, understanding and interpretation of developmentally appropriate educational practices. This paper targets the possible value of and contribution made by visual data generation procedures, as well as their inherent challenges, in order to add to the body of knowledge on visually elicited interviews

3D modelling of geological and anthropogenic deposits at the World Heritage Site of Bryggen in Bergen, Norway

The landscape of many historic cities and the character of their shallow subsurface environments are defined by a legacy of interaction between anthropogenic and geological processes. Anthropogenic deposits and excavations result from processes ranging from archaeological activities to modern urban development. Hence, in heritage cities, any geological investigation should acknowledge the role of past and ongoing human activities, while any archaeological investigation should be conducted with geological processes in mind. In this paper it is shown that 3D geological and anthropogenic models at different scales can provide a holistic system for the management of the subsurface. It provides a framework for the integration of other spatial and processmodels to help assess the preservationpotential for buried heritage. Such an integrated framework model is thus contributing to a decision support system for sustainable urban (re)development and regeneration in cities, while preserving cultural heritage. A collaborative approach is proposed to enhance research and implementation of combined geological and archaeological modelling for sustainable land use planning and heritage preservation, using York and Bryggen as prime examples. This paper presents the status of 3D framework modelling at Bryggen in Norway as an example

The disability employment gap in European countries: What is the role of labour market policy?

Across Europe, the labour market participation of persons with disabilities remains lower than that of persons without a disability. Our research examines this disability employment gap, looking specifically at its variation by country and gender. Additionally, we test the influence of labour market policies – testing both the social investment perspective and the welfare scepticism perspective – on the size of the gap, in an effort to determine whether a more generous welfare state raises or lowers the employment rate of people with disabilities. Using the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC), we show that Southern European countries have the smallest disability employment gap. Whereas stricter employment protection legislation is found to be beneficial for people with disabilities on the labour market, other labour market policies specifically intended to benefit this group do not strongly affect their chances on the labour market. These findings support the social investment perspective and show that social policies can have a positive effect on the employment of people with disabilities