Stability Constants & Thermodynamic Functions of Mg(II), Ca(II), Sr(II), Ba(II) & Pb(II) Complexes with Thiophene- 2-carboxylic Acid

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An Explanation for Terson Syndrome at Last: the Glymphatic Reflux Theory

Terson Syndrome (TS) describes the presence of intraocular hemorrhage in patients with intracranial hemorrhage, typically subarachnoid hemorrhage. Despite TS being a well-defined and frequently occurring phenomenon, its pathophysiology remains controversial. This review will present the current understanding of TS, with view to describing a contemporary and more plausible pathomechanism of TS, given recent advances in ophthalmic science and neurobiology. Previously proposed theories include a sudden rise in intracranial pressure (ICP) transmitted to the optic nerve sheath leading to rupture of retinal vessels; or intracranial blood extending to the orbit via the optic nerve sheath. The origin of blood in TS is uncertain, but retinal vessels appear to be an unlikely source. In addition, an anatomical pathway for blood to enter the eye from the intracranial space remains poorly defined. An ocular glymphatic system has recently been described, drainage of which from the globe into intracranial glymphatics is reliant on the pressure gradient between intraocular pressure and intracranial pressure. The glymphatic pathway is the only extravascular anatomical conduit between the subarachnoid space and the retina. We propose that subarachnoid blood in skull base cisterns near the optic nerve is the substrate of blood in TS. Raised ICP causes it to be refluxed through glymphatic channels into the globe, resulting in intraocular hemorrhage. We herewith present glymphatic reflux as an alternative theory to explain the phenomenon of Terson Syndrome

Correlation of Serotype-Specific Dengue Virus Infection with Clinical Manifestations

Dengue virus (DENV) causes disease in millions of people annually and disproportionately affects those in the developing world. DENVs may be divided into four serotypes (DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3, and DENV-4) and a geographical region may be affected by one or more DENV serotypes simultaneously. Infection with DENV may cause life-threatening disease such as dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) or dengue shock syndrome (DSS), but more often causes less severe manifestations affecting a wide range of organs. Although many previous reports have explored the role of the different DENV serotypes in the development of severe manifestations, little attention has focused on the relative role of each DENV serotype in the development of cutaneous, respiratory, gastrointestinal, musculoskeletal, and neurological manifestations. We recruited a large group of participants from four countries in South America to compare the prevalence of more than 30 manifestations among the four different DENV serotypes. We found that certain DENV serotypes were often associated with a higher prevalence of a certain manifestation (e.g., DENV-3 and diarrhea) or manifestation group (e.g., DENV-4 and cutaneous manifestations)

Serotype influences on dengue severity: a cross-sectional study on 485 confirmed dengue cases in Vitória, Brazil

Abstract Background Dengue is caused by a RNA virus of the family Flaviviridae, which presents four serotypes (DENV-1 to DENV-4) capable of inducing hemorrhage. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of serotype on the outcome of dengue. Methods This cross-sectional study included data from dengue cases with serotyping results that occurred between 2009 and 2013 in Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil. Data were accessed through the Information System for Notifiable Diseases. Chi-square test, Fisher exact test, Mann–Whitney U test, and logistic regression were performed to assess associations between different serotypes and dengue severity, while considering gender and age. Results The sample consisted of 485 laboratory confirmed dengue cases, of which 46.4 % were females, with median age of 26 years. Regarding overall samples, 77.3 % were caused by DENV-1, 16.1 % by DENV-4, 6.4 % by DENV-2, and 0.2 % by DENV-3. Severe dengue affected 6.6 % of all cases, of which 32.3 % of the cases caused by DENV-2, 6.4 % of those caused by DENV-4, 4.5 % of those caused by DENV-1, and none of those caused by DENV-3. Severe dengue was found to be seven times more frequent among cases of DENV-2 than among those of the other serotypes. Conclusions The present study found that cases of DENV-2 had a higher proportion of severe dengue than among those of DENV-1 and DENV-4. Consequently, early detection of serotypes circulating in the territory could be an important approach to prevent increasing numbers of severe outcomes during dengue outbreaks by predicting the health support needed for early diagnoses and treatment of dengue cases

FATAL OUTCOME OF INFECTION BY DENGUE 4 IN A PATIENT WITH THROMBOCYTOPENIC PURPURA AS A COMORBID CONDITION IN BRAZIL

Dengue is currently a major public-health problem. Dengue virus (DENV) is classified into four distinct serotypes, DENV 1-4. After 28 years of absence, DENV-4 was again detected in Brazil in 2010 in Roraima State, and one year later, the virus was identified in the northern Brazilian states of Amazonas and Pará, followed by Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo. In Minas Gerais, the first confirmed case of DENV-4 occurred in the municipality of Frutal in 2011 and has now been isolated from a growing number of patients. Although DENV-2 is associated with the highest risk of severe forms of the disease and death due to the infection, DENV-4 has also been associated with severe forms of the disease and an increasing risk of hemorrhagic manifestations. Herein, the first fatal case of confirmed DENV-4 in Brazil is reported. The patient was an 11-year-old girl from the municipality of Montes Claros in northern Minas Gerais State, Brazil. She had idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura as a comorbid condition and presented with a fulminant course of infection, leading to death due to hemorrhagic complications. Diagnosis was confirmed by detection of Dengue-specific antibodies using IgM capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and semi-nested RT-PCR. Primary care physicians and other health-care providers should bear in mind that DENV-4 can also result in severe forms of the disease and lead to hemorrhagic complications and death, mainly when dengue infection is associated with coexisting conditions

Stability Constants & Thermodynamic Functions of Be(II), Mn(II), Zn(II). Cd(II) & UO<img src='http://www.niscair.res.in/jinfo/twoplustwo.gif' border=0> Complexes with Thiophene-2-carboxylic Acid

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Proton-Ligand Stability Constants of 1-Hydroxy-2-naphthoic Acid & Formation Constants of Its Chelates with Cu(II), Ni(U), Co(II), Ce(UI) & UO<img src='http://www.niscair.res.in/jinfo/twoplustwo.gif' border=0>

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High frequency plantlet regeneration from rhizomatous buds in Mantisia spathulata Schult. and Mantisia wengeri Fischer and analysis of genetic uniformity using RAPD markers

140-146A protocol has been devised for enhanced in vitro regeneration of critically endangered Mantisia spathulata Schult. and Mantisia wengeri Fischer. Highest Bud Forming Capacity (BFC) of 6.10±0.55 with an average of 19.93±3.19 roots was obtained for M. spathulata within 5-6 weeks in Murashige and Skoogs (MS) medium supplemented with a combination of 10.0 μM of N⁶-benzyladenine (BA) and 2.5μM of ⍺-naphtalene acetic acid (NAA). For M. wengeri, BFC of 7.82±0.73 and 20.86±1.65 roots was achieved in MS media supplemented with a combination of 5.0μM BA and 2.5μM of NAA RAPD markers were used to evaluate the genetic stability of in vitro raised hardened plantlets. Similarity coefficient among the regenerated plants ranged between 0.85-0.98 for M. spathulata and 0.83-0.98 for M. wengeri. Maximum of 88 and 90% genetic similarity were obtained between in vitro raised hardened plantlets and mother stock of M. spathulata and M. wengeri, respectively through RAPD analysis. The hardened plantlets after RAPD analysis on being transferred to soil of experimental garden showed no marked phenotypic variations in vegetative or floral characteristics