Calculation of fire risk and firefighting inside community pharmacies. Gustav Purt’s method

Fire is a chemical combustion reaction based on strongly exothermic oxidation-reduction phenomena that result in the emission of a significant amount of light and heat. Its effects are generally detrimental, causing harm to individuals through smoke inhalation, exposure to toxic gases, and extreme temperatures. Fires also cause extensive damage to infrastructure and property. A fire occurs when three factors are present simultaneously in the same location and at the same time: fuel, an oxidizing agent (typically oxygen from the air), and heat, which supplies the necessary energy for the reaction to occur. Furthermore, the existence of chain reactions is essential to produce the flame. The objective of this work is to describe Gustav Purt’s method, estimate the potential fire risk in community pharmacies, and identify the firefighting measures that should be implemented. After calculating various factors, we reached the conclusion that fire risk in a pharmacy is high. Therefore, strict inspections by health authorities are necessary to prevent fire hazards.   Keywords: Fuel; Fire; Heat; Smoke; Pharmacy

Avaluació del Paradigma del Govern obert i Transparència administrativa en la Inspecció farmacèutica en frontera

La Inspecció farmacèutica en frontera de la Unió Europea realitza les funcions de control i vigilància dels gèneres medicinals amb la finalitat d’impedir l’entrada en territori europeu dels productes procedents de països no comunitaris que suposen un risc per a la salut pública. La Inspecció farmacèutica es realitza per les Àrees funcionals de Sanitat de les Delegacions de Govern de les diferents Comunitats autònomes. Actuen com a Administració perifèrica de l'Estat, depenent funcionalment del Ministeri de Sanitat i orgànicament del Ministeri de Política Territorial. Els productes farmacèutics sotmesos a inspecció són els medicaments d'ús humà, incloent-hi les matèries primeres farmacèutiques destinades a la seua fabricació, els productes sanitaris, els cosmètics i productes d'higiene personal i els biocides d'ús clínic i personal. Han d’aprovar els controls de documentació, d'identitat i físic. El Sistema Informàtic d'Inspecció Farmacèutica de Sanitat Exterior (SIFAEX) permet la tramitació electrònica de les sol·licituds i comunicacions relatives al procediment de control sanitari del trànsit internacional dels productes farmacèutics. Aquest procediment consisteix en la verificació, control de qualitat i, si és el cas, intervenció sanitària a la importació o exportació dels productes sotmesos a control. D’altra banda, el paradigma de Govern obert és sinònim de canvi en la gestió dels assumptes públics. El president Obama, en el seu primer dia en la presidència, va presentar un memoràndum executiu a través del qual es comprometia a crear un nivell d'obertura en l'administració americana mai vist fins aleshores, atorgant gran importància a la transparència, la col·laboració i la participació de la societat per a enfortir la Democràcia i aconseguir uns serveis públics eficaços i eficients. Aquest memoràndum, no cal dir-ho, anava dirigit a les agències i ciutadans nord-americans, però va ser tal l'èxit dels seus enunciats que nombrosos països, entre ells Espanya, el van adoptar com a propi. Fins i tot van formar una organització internacional Open Government Partnership (OGP), Espanya és membre actiu d’aquesta organització. La Transparència en l'Administració pública no és una opció, és una obligació, per a tots els empleats públics. El seu valor és constituir un instrument de participació i control per mitjà del qual la ciutadania passe a formar part activa de les accions administratives, a escrutar-les, controlar-les i, a partir de la informació rebuda, poder influir en la seua resolució. Des d'aquest punt de vista, la Transparència no sols suposa un incentiu perquè les administracions siguen acurades en la seua acció, en saber-se fiscalitzades, sinó que de manera mediata siga un element essencial per a la transformació administrativa. Per a constituir una administració més transparent cal desenvolupar mecanismes d’obertura de dades, publicitat activa, accés a la informació i participació i col·laboració ciutadana, s’estudien aquestes eines i la seua relació amb la Inspecció farmacèutica en frontera.The Pharmaceutical Border Inspection of the European Union performs the functions of control and surveillance of medicinal products in order to prevent the entry into European territory of products from non-EU countries that pose a risk to public health. Pharmaceutical inspection is carried out by the functional Health Areas of the Government Delegations of the different Autonomous Communities. They act as a peripheral Administration of the State, depending functionally on the Ministry of Health and organically on the Ministry of Territorial Policy. The pharmaceutical products subject to inspection are medicines for human use, including the pharmaceutical raw materials used in their manufacture, medical devices, cosmetics and personal hygiene products and biocides for clinical and personal use. They have to pass documentation, identity and physical controls. Sistema Informático de Inspección Farmacéutica de Sanidad Exterior (SIFAEX) allows the electronic processing of requests and communications related to the procedure of sanitary control of the international traffic of pharmaceutical products. This procedure consists of the verification, quality control and, if necessary, sanitary intervention on the import or export of products subject to control. On the other hand, the open government paradigm is synonymous with change in the management of public affairs. President Obama, on his first day in office, presented an executive memorandum through which he committed himself to create a level of openness in the American administration never seen before, giving great importance to transparency, collaboration and participation of society to strengthen democracy and achieve effective and efficient public services. This memorandum was addressed to American agencies and citizens, but such was the success of its statements that many countries, including Spain, adopted it as their own. They even formed an international organization Open Government Partnership (OGP), and Spain is an active member of this organization. Transparency in public administration is not an option, it is an obligation for all public employees. Its value is to constitute an instrument of participation and control by means of which citizens become an active part of administrative actions, to scrutinize and control them and, based on the information received, to be able to influence their resolution. From this point of view, Transparency is not only an incentive for administrations to be careful in their actions, knowing that they are being supervised, but it is also an essential element for administrative transformation. In order to constitute a more transparent administration, it is necessary to develop mechanisms for the opening of data, active publicity, access to information and citizen participation and collaboration; these tools and their relationship with the Pharmaceutical Inspection at the border are studied

Chronic Oral Anticoagulation Therapy and Prognosis of Patients Admitted to Hospital for COVID-19: Insights from the HOPE COVID-19 Registry

Background. Most evidence regarding anticoagulation and COVID-19 refers to the hospitalization setting, but the role of oral anticoagulation (OAC) before hospital admission has not been well explored. We compared clinical outcomes and short-term prognosis between patients with and without prior OAC therapy who were hospitalized for COVID-19. Methods. Analysis of the whole cohort of the HOPE COVID-19 Registry which included patients discharged (deceased or alive) after hospital admission for COVID-19 in 9 countries. All-cause mortality was the primary endpoint. Study outcomes were compared after adjusting variables using propensity score matching (PSM) analyses. Results. 7698 patients were suitable for the present analysis (675 (8.8%) on OAC at admission: 427 (5.6%) on VKAs and 248 (3.2%) on DOACs). After PSM, 1276 patients were analyzed (638 with OAC; 638 without OAC), without significant differences regarding the risk of thromboembolic events (OR 1.11, 95% CI 0.59-2.08). The risk of clinically relevant bleeding (OR 3.04, 95% CI 1.92-4.83), as well as the risk of mortality (HR 1.22, 95% CI 1.01-1.47; log-rank p value = 0.041), was significantly increased in previous OAC users. Amongst patients on prior OAC only, there were no differences in the risk of clinically relevant bleeding, thromboembolic events, or mortality when comparing previous VKA or DOAC users, after PSM. Conclusion. Hospitalized COVID-19 patients on prior OAC therapy had a higher risk of mortality and worse clinical outcomes compared to patients without prior OAC therapy, even after adjusting for comorbidities using a PSM. There were no differences in clinical outcomes in patients previously taking VKAs or DOACs. This trial is registered with NCT04334291/EUPAS34399

The Fourteenth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey: First Spectroscopic Data from the extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey and from the second phase of the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment

The fourth generation of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS-IV) has been in operation since July 2014. This paper describes the second data release from this phase, and the fourteenth from SDSS overall (making this, Data Release Fourteen or DR14). This release makes public data taken by SDSS-IV in its first two years of operation (July 2014-2016). Like all previous SDSS releases, DR14 is cumulative, including the most recent reductions and calibrations of all data taken by SDSS since the first phase began operations in 2000. New in DR14 is the first public release of data from the extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS); the first data from the second phase of the Apache Point Observatory (APO) Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE-2), including stellar parameter estimates from an innovative data driven machine learning algorithm known as "The Cannon"; and almost twice as many data cubes from the Mapping Nearby Galaxies at APO (MaNGA) survey as were in the previous release (N = 2812 in total). This paper describes the location and format of the publicly available data from SDSS-IV surveys. We provide references to the important technical papers describing how these data have been taken (both targeting and observation details) and processed for scientific use. The SDSS website (www.sdss.org) has been updated for this release, and provides links to data downloads, as well as tutorials and examples of data use. SDSS-IV is planning to continue to collect astronomical data until 2020, and will be followed by SDSS-V.Comment: SDSS-IV collaboration alphabetical author data release paper. DR14 happened on 31st July 2017. 19 pages, 5 figures. Accepted by ApJS on 28th Nov 2017 (this is the "post-print" and "post-proofs" version; minor corrections only from v1, and most of errors found in proofs corrected

Plan de Acción Tutorial para nuevos estudiantes de la Facultad de Economía y Empresa

Memoria ID-010. Ayudas de la Universidad de Salamanca para la innovación docente, curso 2021-2022

The 16th Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys: First Release from the APOGEE-2 Southern Survey and Full Release of eBOSS Spectra

This paper documents the 16th data release (DR16) from the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys (SDSS), the fourth and penultimate from the fourth phase (SDSS-IV). This is the first release of data from the Southern Hemisphere survey of the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment 2 (APOGEE-2); new data from APOGEE-2 North are also included. DR16 is also notable as the final data release for the main cosmological program of the Extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS), and all raw and reduced spectra from that project are released here. DR16 also includes all the data from the Time Domain Spectroscopic Survey and new data from the SPectroscopic IDentification of ERosita Survey programs, both of which were co-observed on eBOSS plates. DR16 has no new data from the Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory (MaNGA) survey (or the MaNGA Stellar Library "MaStar"). We also preview future SDSS-V operations (due to start in 2020), and summarize plans for the final SDSS-IV data release (DR17)

The 16th Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys: First Release from the APOGEE-2 Southern Survey and Full Release of eBOSS Spectra

This paper documents the 16th data release (DR16) from the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys (SDSS), the fourth and penultimate from the fourth phase (SDSS-IV). This is the first release of data from the Southern Hemisphere survey of the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment 2 (APOGEE-2); new data from APOGEE-2 North are also included. DR16 is also notable as the final data release for the main cosmological program of the Extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS), and all raw and reduced spectra from that project are released here. DR16 also includes all the data from the Time Domain Spectroscopic Survey and new data from the SPectroscopic IDentification of ERosita Survey programs, both of which were co-observed on eBOSS plates. DR16 has no new data from the Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory (MaNGA) survey (or the MaNGA Stellar Library "MaStar"). We also preview future SDSS-V operations (due to start in 2020), and summarize plans for the final SDSS-IV data release (DR17)

The Fourteenth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey: First Spectroscopic Data from the Extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey and from the Second Phase of the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment

The fourth generation of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS-IV) has been in operation since 2014 July. This paper describes the second data release from this phase, and the 14th from SDSS overall (making this Data Release Fourteen or DR14). This release makes the data taken by SDSS-IV in its first two years of operation (2014–2016 July) public. Like all previous SDSS releases, DR14 is cumulative, including the most recent reductions and calibrations of all data taken by SDSS since the first phase began operations in 2000. New in DR14 is the first public release of data from the extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey; the first data from the second phase of the Apache Point Observatory (APO) Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE-2), including stellar parameter estimates from an innovative data-driven machine-learning algorithm known as "The Cannon"; and almost twice as many data cubes from the Mapping Nearby Galaxies at APO (MaNGA) survey as were in the previous release (N = 2812 in total). This paper describes the location and format of the publicly available data from the SDSS-IV surveys. We provide references to the important technical papers describing how these data have been taken (both targeting and observation details) and processed for scientific use. The SDSS web site (www.sdss.org) has been updated for this release and provides links to data downloads, as well as tutorials and examples of data use. SDSS-IV is planning to continue to collect astronomical data until 2020 and will be followed by SDSS-V

XVI International Congress of Control Electronics and Telecommunications: "Techno-scientific considerations for a post-pandemic world intensive in knowledge, innovation and sustainable local development"

Este título, sugestivo por los impactos durante la situación de la Covid 19 en el mundo, y que en Colombia lastimosamente han sido muy críticos, permiten asumir la obligada superación de tensiones sociales, políticas, y económicas; pero sobre todo científicas y tecnológicas. Inicialmente, esto supone la existencia de una capacidad de la sociedad colombiana por recuperar su estado inicial después de que haya cesado la perturbación a la que fue sometida por la catastrófica pandemia, y superar ese anterior estado de cosas ya que se encontraban -y aún se encuentran- muchos problemas locales mal resueltos, medianamente resueltos, y muchos sin resolver: es decir, habrá que rediseñar y fortalecer una probada resiliencia social existente - producto del prolongado conflicto social colombiano superado parcialmente por un proceso de paz exitoso - desde la tecnociencia local; como lo indicaba Markus Brunnermeier - economista alemán y catedrático de economía de la Universidad de Princeton- en su libro The Resilient Society…La cuestión no es preveerlo todo sino poder reaccionar…aprender a recuperarse rápido.This title, suggestive of the impacts during the Covid 19 situation in the world, and which have unfortunately been very critical in Colombia, allows us to assume the obligatory overcoming of social, political, and economic tensions; but above all scientific and technological. Initially, this supposes the existence of a capacity of Colombian society to recover its initial state after the disturbance to which it was subjected by the catastrophic pandemic has ceased, and to overcome that previous state of affairs since it was found -and still is find - many local problems poorly resolved, moderately resolved, and many unresolved: that is, an existing social resilience test will have to be redesigned and strengthened - product of the prolonged Colombian social conflict partially overcome by a successful peace process - from local technoscience; As Markus Brunnermeier - German economist and professor of economics at Princeton University - indicates in his book The Resilient Society...The question is not to foresee everything but to be able to react...learn to recover quickly.Bogot