Fluxos e utilização de serviços de saúde : mobilidade e necessidades em saúde de usuários e novos desafios para a integralidade em saúde pública

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a randomized comparative effectiveness trial

Funding Information: The author(s) declare financial support was received for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. This work was sponsored by CUF and Pingo Doce, as part of the Menos Sal Portugal project, and with support from the Centro de Medicina Laboratorial Germano de Sousa. The sponsors did not play a role in the study design or the interpretation of the results. The study was also promoted by the CINTESIS@RISE (UIDB/4255/2020 and UIDP/4255/2020), NOVA Medical School of Universidade NOVA de Lisboa and supported by national funds through FCT Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, I.P., within the scope of the project “RISE-LA/P/0053/2020”. Publisher Copyright: Copyright © 2023 Moreira-Rosário, Ismael, Barreiros-Mota, Morais, Rodrigues, Castela, Mendes, Soares, da Costa, Oliveira, Henriques, Pinto, Pita, de Oliveira, Maciel, Serafim, Araújo, Rocha, Pestana, Silvestre, Marques, Faria, Polonia and Calhau.Introduction: Empowerment lifestyle programs are needed to reduce the risk of hypertension. Our study compared the effectiveness of two empowerment-based approaches toward blood pressure (BP) reduction: salt reduction-specific program vs. healthy lifestyle general program. Methods: Three hundred and eleven adults (median age of 44 years, IQR 34–54 years) were randomly assigned to a salt reduction (n = 147) or a healthy lifestyle program (n = 164). The outcome measures were urinary sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+) excretion, systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure, weight, and waist circumference. Results: There were no significant differences in primary and secondary outcomes between the two program groups. When comparing each program to baseline, the program focused on salt reduction was effective in lowering BP following a 12-week intervention with a mean change of −2.5 mm Hg in SBP (95% CI, −4.1 to −0.8) and − 2.7 mm Hg in DBP (95% CI, −3.8 to −1.5) in the intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis. In the complete-case (CC) analysis, the mean change was −2.1 mm Hg in SBP (95% CI, −3.7 to −0.5) and − 2.3 mm Hg in DBP (95% CI, −3.4 to −1.1). This effect increases in subjects with high-normal BP or hypertension [SBP − 7.9 mm Hg (95% CI, −12.5 to −3.3); DBP − 7.3 mm Hg (95% CI, −10.2 to −4.4)]. The healthy lifestyle group also exhibited BP improvements after 12 weeks; however, the changes were less pronounced compared to the salt reduction group and were observed only for DBP [mean change of −1.5 mm Hg (95% CI, −2.6 to −0.4) in ITT analysis and − 1.4 mm Hg (95% CI, −2.4 to −0.3) in CC analysis, relative to baseline]. Overall, improvements in Na+/K+ ratio, weight, and Mediterranean diet adherence resulted in clinically significant SBP decreases. Importantly, BP reduction is attributed to improved dietary quality, rather than being solely linked to changes in the Na+/K+ ratio. Conclusion: Salt-focused programs are effective public health tools mainly in managing individuals at high risk of hypertension. Nevertheless, in general, empowerment-based approaches are important strategies for lowering BP, by promoting health literacy that culminates in adherence to the Mediterranean diet and weight reduction.publishersversionpublishe

Empowerment-based nutrition interventions on blood pressure: a randomized comparative effectiveness trial

IntroductionEmpowerment lifestyle programs are needed to reduce the risk of hypertension. Our study compared the effectiveness of two empowerment-based approaches toward blood pressure (BP) reduction: salt reduction-specific program vs. healthy lifestyle general program.MethodsThree hundred and eleven adults (median age of 44 years, IQR 34–54 years) were randomly assigned to a salt reduction (n = 147) or a healthy lifestyle program (n = 164). The outcome measures were urinary sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+) excretion, systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure, weight, and waist circumference.ResultsThere were no significant differences in primary and secondary outcomes between the two program groups. When comparing each program to baseline, the program focused on salt reduction was effective in lowering BP following a 12-week intervention with a mean change of −2.5 mm Hg in SBP (95% CI, −4.1 to −0.8) and − 2.7 mm Hg in DBP (95% CI, −3.8 to −1.5) in the intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis. In the complete-case (CC) analysis, the mean change was −2.1 mm Hg in SBP (95% CI, −3.7 to −0.5) and − 2.3 mm Hg in DBP (95% CI, −3.4 to −1.1). This effect increases in subjects with high-normal BP or hypertension [SBP − 7.9 mm Hg (95% CI, −12.5 to −3.3); DBP − 7.3 mm Hg (95% CI, −10.2 to −4.4)]. The healthy lifestyle group also exhibited BP improvements after 12 weeks; however, the changes were less pronounced compared to the salt reduction group and were observed only for DBP [mean change of −1.5 mm Hg (95% CI, −2.6 to −0.4) in ITT analysis and − 1.4 mm Hg (95% CI, −2.4 to −0.3) in CC analysis, relative to baseline]. Overall, improvements in Na+/K+ ratio, weight, and Mediterranean diet adherence resulted in clinically significant SBP decreases. Importantly, BP reduction is attributed to improved dietary quality, rather than being solely linked to changes in the Na+/K+ ratio.ConclusionSalt-focused programs are effective public health tools mainly in managing individuals at high risk of hypertension. Nevertheless, in general, empowerment-based approaches are important strategies for lowering BP, by promoting health literacy that culminates in adherence to the Mediterranean diet and weight reduction

The complete genome sequence of Chromobacterium violaceum reveals remarkable and exploitable bacterial adaptability

Chromobacterium violaceum is one of millions of species of free-living microorganisms that populate the soil and water in the extant areas of tropical biodiversity around the world. Its complete genome sequence reveals (i) extensive alternative pathways for energy generation, (ii) ≈500 ORFs for transport-related proteins, (iii) complex and extensive systems for stress adaptation and motility, and (iv) wide-spread utilization of quorum sensing for control of inducible systems, all of which underpin the versatility and adaptability of the organism. The genome also contains extensive but incomplete arrays of ORFs coding for proteins associated with mammalian pathogenicity, possibly involved in the occasional but often fatal cases of human C. violaceum infection. There is, in addition, a series of previously unknown but important enzymes and secondary metabolites including paraquat-inducible proteins, drug and heavy-metal-resistance proteins, multiple chitinases, and proteins for the detoxification of xenobiotics that may have biotechnological applications

O uso da informação como instrumento de prática avaliativa das ações na Atenção Básica em Saúde

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Práticas avaliativas na atenção básica à saúde : a gestão local entre reprodução e inovação

O estudo envolve as práticas avaliativas desenvolvidas e executadas pela gestão da Atenção Básica à Saúde (ABS) nos municípios de Camaquã e Canguçu, no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (RS). Consideram-se práticas avaliativas em saúde as ações motivadas para o desvelamento de alguma necessidade de saúde, exercidas no cotidiano dos serviços e não esgotadas pelas ferramentas tecnológicas já existentes, nem pretendendo se tornar necessariamente técnicas a serem compartilhadas. O objetivo do estudo foi analisar a gestão municipal da ABS a partir das práticas avaliativas em saúde desenvolvidas em dois Municípios da região sul do Estado do RS. É um estudo qualitativo, do tipo estudo de casos múltiplos. Os dados foram coletados nas Secretarias Municipais de Saúde (SMS) de Camaquã e Canguçu, no RS, por meio de observação participante, entrevistas semi-estruturadas e documentos da gestão municipal, como Planos Municipais de Saúde e Relatórios de Gestão. As categorias temáticas, organizadas com o auxílio do software NVivo8®, incluíram a estrutura organizacional das SMS, a formação profissional, as concepções dos gestores quanto aos temas em estudo, os agentes avaliadores, os tipos de práticas avaliativas e as dificuldades na sua execução. A análise temática dos dados apontou para sistemas municipais de saúde baseados na demanda espontânea, com predomínio de práticas avaliativas cotidianas desenvolvidas por atores de representatividade política comunitária e por profissionais das SMS. Aponta, também, à avaliação pontual e normativa estimuladas por atores externos ao contexto municipal, como órgãos fiscalizados do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). À consideração do diagnóstico do Programa Interdisciplinar de Pesquisa, foi evidenciada a dinamicidade de transformações no SUS em Canguçu e de estagnação em Camaquã, relacionados às mobilizações e às persistências nos modelos tecno-assistenciais vigentes nas SMS. Essa realidade expõe, respectivamente, as capacidades de inovar e de reproduzir no cotidiano gestor. Como reprodução, esse estudo evidencia que outras lógicas, não instrumentais, permeiam as práticas avaliativas no SUS municipal. A necessidade de atores diversos em incidir seus interesses sobre as SMS atenta para o desafio posto aos gestores enquanto mediadores implicados na condução e no desenvolvimento inovadores do SUS na esfera municipal.The present study approaches evaluation practices developed and implemented by the management of Primary Health Care (PHC) in the municipalities of Camaquã and Canguçu, in the State of Rio Grande do Sul (RS). It is considered evaluation practices for health actions motivated by unveiling some needs in the health area which are carried in daily services and not exhausted by the existing technological tools, nor intended to necessarily become techniques to be shared. The aim of this study was to analyze the municipal management of PHC from evaluation practices for health developed in two municipalities in the southern region of Rio Grande do Sul. It is a qualitative and of multiple case study. Data were collected at Municipal Health Secretaries (MHS) of Camaquã and Canguçu, in RS, through participant observation, semi-structured interviews and documents of the municipal administration such as Municipal Health Plans and Management Reports. The thematic categories, organized with the aid of the software NVivo8®, included a) the organizational structure of the MHS; b) vocational trainings; c) conceptions of managers with regard to the themes under study; d) the evaluators; e) the types of evaluation practices; and, f) the difficulties in their implementation. The thematic analysis of the data pointed to municipal health systems based on spontaneous demand, with a predominance of everyday evaluation practices developed by the actors who represent community policies and by professionals of MHS. It also points to a timely and normative assessment stimulated by actors who are external to the municipal context as bodies which monitor the Single Health System (SHS). Considering the diagnosis of the Interdisciplinary Research Program it was evidenced the dynamics of transformations in the SHS in Canguçu and its stagnation in Camaquã, related to the persistence and mobilizations in techno-welfare models at the MHS. That reality exposes, respectively, the capacities to innovate and reproduce in the daily management. As a reproduction, this study reveals that other non-instrumental logics permeate evaluation practices at SHS. The need that various actors of the MHS have of focusing on their interests alert us to the challenge managers, as mediators involved in the conduction and innovative development of the SHS in the municipal sphere, face.El estudio involucra las prácticas evaluativas desarrolladas y ejecutadas por la gestión de la Atención Básica a la Salud (ABS) en los municipios de Camaquã y Canguçu, en el Estado de Rio Grande do Sul (RS). Se considera prácticas evaluativas en salud las acciones motivadas para el desvelamiento de alguna necesidad de salud, ejercidas en el cotidiano de los servicios y no agotadas por las herramientas tecnológicas ya existentes, ni pretendiendo tornarse necesariamente técnicas a ser compartidas. El objetivo del estudio fue analizar la gestión municipal de la ABS a partir de las prácticas evaluativas en salud desarrolladas en dos Municipios de la región sur del Estado de RS. Es un estudio cualitativo, del tipo estudio de casos múltiplos. Los datos fueron colectados en las Secretarías Municipales de Salud (SMS) de Camaquã y Canguçu, en RS, por medio de observación participante, entrevistas semiestructurada y documentos de la gestión municipal, como Planes Municipales de Salud e Informes de Gestión. Las categorías temáticas, organizadas con el auxilio del software NVivo8®, incluyeron la estructura organizacional de las SMS, la formación profesional, las concepciones de los gestores cuanto a los temas en estudio, los agentes evaluadores, los tipos de prácticas evaluativos y las dificultades en su ejecución. El análisis temático de los datos señaló para sistemas municipales de salud basados en la demanda espontánea, con predominio de prácticas evaluativas cotidianas desarrolladas por actores de representatividad política comunitaria y por profesionales de las SMS. Señala, también, a la evaluación puntual y normativa estimulada por factores externos al contexto municipal, como órganos fiscalizados del Sistema Único de Salud (SUS). A la consideración del diagnóstico del Programa Interdisciplinar de Pesquisa, fue evidenciada la dinamicidad de transformaciones en el SUS en Canguçu y de estagnación en Camaquã, relacionados a las movilizaciones y a las persistencias en los moldes tecno-asistenciales vigentes en las SMS. Esa realidad expone, respectivamente, las capacidades de innovar y de reproducir en el cotidiano gestor. Como reproducción, ese estudio evidencia que otras lógicas, no instrumentales, permean las prácticas evaluativas en el SUS municipal. La necesidad de factores diversos en incidir sus intereses sobre las SMS atenta para el reto puesto a los gestores en cuanto mediadores implicados en la conducción y en el desarrollo innovadores del SUS en la esfera municipal