Fake News on Social Media and the Implications on Ngor Okpala 2022 House of Assembly Bye Election

With the advent of social media, fake news has become rampant that people tend to believe it more than the authentic news. Since social media has become one of the faster means of communication more than other channels of communication, among the younger generations, social media is now a trending means of information dissemination whether true or not. On the other hand, this has created an impact in the political system hence, this work was to ascertain the voting behaviour of citizens particularly the youths who are the major users of social media. A survey of literature in this study shows that despite the flood of fake news in social media, its influence on voting behaviour among the residents in Ngor Okpala LGA of Imo state, has not been adequately researched by intellectuals. The study seeks to find out how frequent voters receive political news on social media and whether the political news they receive on social media influence their perception of candidates and voting behaviour during election. Voters residing at Ngor Okpala LGA of Imo state constituted the population for this study. The study is anchored on two theories of mass communication, social learning and the Uses and gratification theory. The survey method and focus Group Discussion method were adopted using the questionnaire and the Focus Group Discussion Schedule as instrument for data collection. The work concludes that fake news in social media has a little influence on the voting behaviour of a large number of voters

Modulhandbuch Bachelor Optische Systemtechnik/Optronik: Studienordnungsversion: 2013

Lagos is called the commercial capital and known as a city highly populated in Nigeria, with not less than 21 million people as at 2016. This makes it the largest city in Africa. The city is full of diverse opportunities for business and service delivery, majority of its population are social media savvy. Lagos hosts millions of female entrepreneurs who contribute to its GDP via product and service delivery. The study seeks to understand the experience of female entrepreneurs in Lagos who chose Instagram to market their small businesses. Ten female entrepreneurs were selected to participate in the study. The exploratory research design was adopted for the study. The study found that Instagram marketing is effectively used by female entrepreneurs, especially those of them who do not have a shop or an office. Some female entrepreneurs identified in this study, opined that Instagram is user friendly, however data consuming. Instagram marketing provides high exposure of products or services which gives room for sharing product pictures and creating an engaging content

Monetary Policy and Stock Market Development: The Nigeria Experience

Monetary policy is intended to ensure price stability and adequate employment which in turn will create a stable macroeconomic environment for economic prosperity. It is of great concern to policy makers that monetary policy permeates deeply into the real sector to engender economic growth. The major objective of this study is to explore the monetary policy effects on the Nigerian Stock Market over time.. The Phillip-Perron (PP) unit root test was the method used to test stationarity of the variables while the Johansen Co-integration approach was conducted to test for long run relationship between the variables used. The study found that Monetary Policy Rate, Broad Money Supply and Per Capita Income have significant long run relationship with the development of the Nigerian Stock Market. It therefore recommends among others that the monetary authority in Nigeria (CBN) should as a matter of practice operate a long-term monetary plan that allow the monetary policy rate to be consistent. The constant mop up of money after an expansionary monetary policy by the CBN should be discouraged since it creates instability in the money market making other money rates to be unstable and compounds the volatility rate of the country’s stock prices. Finally, the gap between the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) targeted broad money and actual broad money growth should be curtailed by reducing the frequency of its mop ups which usually send wrong signals to investors in the stock market

Technology usage and employee behaviour: controversies, complications, and implications in the Nigerian business environment

Organizations are among the key units of the society. An organization comprises of several people including employees. The behaviour of employees determines the performance and efficiency of the organization. Technology is an important factor that distinguishes one organization from the other. Employee’s acceptance, rejection, and adaptability to technology being used determine to a great extent how organizations will thrive in a business environment. The drive of technology usage is to ensure that work processes are made easier, faster and to improve the organization’s economic efficiency. In addition, technology usage greatly influences employee behaviour. The aim of this paper is to find out how technology usage affects employee behaviour and vice versa. It is important to understand that in order to improve employee’s usage of technology incorporated into the organization, individual behaviour of employees must be examined cum their attitude. The results of the study indicate that employee behaviour mainly affects technology usage, promotes individual learning, increases efficiency and effectiveness, and improves organizational performance. The paper therefore recommends periodic review of organizational policies and in addition, procure hardware and software to guide against hackers and scammers to avoid losing those important informatio

Experience of people living with leprosy at leprosy settlements in Nigeria

Background Although Nigeria achieved the national leprosy elimination target of less than 1/10,000 population in 1998, factors such as culture, behavioural patterns and social determinants, among others, continue to contribute to an increase in leprosy cases and a poor state of living for individuals with leprosy in Nigeria. This study delves into the experiences of individuals residing in leprosy settlements in Nigeria. Methods This study employed a community‐based cross‐sectional design, utilizing a concurrent mixed‐methods approach for comprehensive data collection. Questionnaires, focus groups and interviews are conducted simultaneously. The research involves participants from seven leprosy communities across Nigeria's six geopolitical zones and Federal Capital Territory. Qualitative methods, including 14 focus group discussions and 6 key informant interviews, are complemented by quantitative questionnaires, engaging residents, leaders and nongovernmental organization (NGO) representatives. Respondents comprised 35 leprosy patients, 21 family members, 7 community leaders, 7 settlement officers and 2 organizational heads involved in leprosy control. Results The results indicate significant access to healthcare (93.7%) and interest in self‐care practices (95.2%), with a considerable proportion (74.6%) receiving free healthcare. Interview data underscore the limited government support, with NGOs and partners assuming a more substantial role. Qualitative insights from persons living with leprosy highlight financial struggles, stigmatization and substandard living conditions in settlements, exacerbated by limited government funding. This reliance on private and NGOs is further compounded by declining funding, hindering individuals’ ability to start businesses and provide self‐care. Conclusion This study underscores the pressing need for increased government support, funding and better living conditions for individuals affected by leprosy in Nigeria. It highlights the significance of education, awareness campaigns and human rights promotion to combat stigma and enhance the quality of life for those living with leprosy. Moreover, the study advocates for the reintegration of affected individuals into their communities to foster societal inclusion and well‐being

Effect of early tranexamic acid administration on mortality, hysterectomy, and other morbidities in women with post-partum haemorrhage (WOMAN): an international, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

Background Post-partum haemorrhage is the leading cause of maternal death worldwide. Early administration of tranexamic acid reduces deaths due to bleeding in trauma patients. We aimed to assess the effects of early administration of tranexamic acid on death, hysterectomy, and other relevant outcomes in women with post-partum haemorrhage. Methods In this randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, we recruited women aged 16 years and older with a clinical diagnosis of post-partum haemorrhage after a vaginal birth or caesarean section from 193 hospitals in 21 countries. We randomly assigned women to receive either 1 g intravenous tranexamic acid or matching placebo in addition to usual care. If bleeding continued after 30 min, or stopped and restarted within 24 h of the first dose, a second dose of 1 g of tranexamic acid or placebo could be given. Patients were assigned by selection of a numbered treatment pack from a box containing eight numbered packs that were identical apart from the pack number. Participants, care givers, and those assessing outcomes were masked to allocation. We originally planned to enrol 15 000 women with a composite primary endpoint of death from all-causes or hysterectomy within 42 days of giving birth. However, during the trial it became apparent that the decision to conduct a hysterectomy was often made at the same time as randomisation. Although tranexamic acid could influence the risk of death in these cases, it could not affect the risk of hysterectomy. We therefore increased the sample size from 15 000 to 20 000 women in order to estimate the effect of tranexamic acid on the risk of death from post-partum haemorrhage. All analyses were done on an intention-to-treat basis. This trial is registered with ISRCTN76912190 (Dec 8, 2008); ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00872469; and PACTR201007000192283. Findings Between March, 2010, and April, 2016, 20 060 women were enrolled and randomly assigned to receive tranexamic acid (n=10 051) or placebo (n=10 009), of whom 10 036 and 9985, respectively, were included in the analysis. Death due to bleeding was significantly reduced in women given tranexamic acid (155 [1·5%] of 10 036 patients vs 191 [1·9%] of 9985 in the placebo group, risk ratio [RR] 0·81, 95% CI 0·65–1·00; p=0·045), especially in women given treatment within 3 h of giving birth (89 [1·2%] in the tranexamic acid group vs 127 [1·7%] in the placebo group, RR 0·69, 95% CI 0·52–0·91; p=0·008). All other causes of death did not differ significantly by group. Hysterectomy was not reduced with tranexamic acid (358 [3·6%] patients in the tranexamic acid group vs 351 [3·5%] in the placebo group, RR 1·02, 95% CI 0·88–1·07; p=0·84). The composite primary endpoint of death from all causes or hysterectomy was not reduced with tranexamic acid (534 [5·3%] deaths or hysterectomies in the tranexamic acid group vs 546 [5·5%] in the placebo group, RR 0·97, 95% CI 0·87-1·09; p=0·65). Adverse events (including thromboembolic events) did not differ significantly in the tranexamic acid versus placebo group. Interpretation Tranexamic acid reduces death due to bleeding in women with post-partum haemorrhage with no adverse effects. When used as a treatment for postpartum haemorrhage, tranexamic acid should be given as soon as possible after bleeding onset. Funding London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Pfizer, UK Department of Health, Wellcome Trust, and Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation

EMPLOYEES’ RETENTION STRATEGIES AND ORGANISATIONAL PERFORMANCE

Human resource departments in every organisation play an important role in employee retention. This is because qualified people are essential for an organisation to perform better. However, one of the significant challenges that many modern firms face is retaining talented employees to attain organisational performance. As a result, this study looked into the relationship between employee retention strategies and organisational performance. A well-structured self-administered questionnaire on a five-point Likert rating scale was administered to 180 respondents, of whom 158 were retrieved and evaluated as the primary data collection strategy. The data were evaluated with the help of social science statistical software (SPSS). A two-tailed Chi-square (x2) analytical methodology (error=0.05 per cent) was utilised to investigate the precise relationship between employee retention strategy and performance. The degree of association between the dependent and independent variables in this study was also determined using Cramer's V analytical approach. According to the findings, employee retention strategies and organisational performance are inextricably linked. As a result of the findings, it is proposed that firms implement performance-based employee retention strategies