Ongoing dissemination of OXA-244 carbapenemase-producing Escherichia coli in Switzerland and their detection.

OXA-244 is a derivative of OXA-48 showing weaker carbapenemase activity, compromising the detection of corresponding producers in clinical laboratories. Since 2017, the Swiss National Reference Center for Emerging Antibiotic Resistance noticed an increased identification of OXA-244-producing Escherichia coli (n=15) within the country. Different methods (biochemical and immunoassay tests, screening culture media) were tested for the detection of OXA-244 producers. Whole genome sequencing was used to investigate the genetic relatedness between the isolates and the genetic structures at the origin of the acquisition of the bla <sub>OXA-244</sub> gene. The mSuperCARBA® medium and the NG-Test CARBA5 assay were found to be suitable tools for detecting all OXA-244-producing isolates. Other selective media did not perform optimally. Among the fifteen strains, five sequence types were identified, with ST38 being predominant. The bla <sub>OXA-244</sub> gene was located on the chromosome for all isolates. Overall, detection of OXA-244 producers is challenging and specific guidelines must be followed

How valid are current diagnostic criteria for dental erosion?

In principle, there is agreement about the clinical diagnostic criteria for dental erosion, basically defined as cupping and grooving of the occlusal/incisal surfaces, shallow defects on smooth surfaces located coronal from the enamel–cementum junction with an intact cervical enamel rim and restorations rising above the adjacent tooth surface. This lesion characteristic was established from clinical experience and from observations in a small group of subjects with known exposure to acids rather than from systematic research. Their prevalence is higher in risk groups for dental erosion compared to subjects not particularly exposed to acids, but analytical epidemiological studies on random or cluster samples often fail to find a relation between occurrence or severity of lesions and any aetiological factor. Besides other aspects, this finding might be due to lack of validity with respect to diagnostic criteria. In particular, cupping and grooving might be an effect of abrasion as well as of erosion and their value for the specific diagnosis of erosion must be doubted. Knowledge about the validity of current diagnostic criteria of different forms of tooth wear is incomplete, therefore further research is needed

Soluble Fas might serve as a diagnostic tool for gastric adenocarcinoma

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Fas (Apo-1/CD95) and its specific ligand (FasL) are key elements in apoptosis. They have been studied in different malignancies but there are few published studies about the soluble forms of these markers (i.e. sFas/sFasL) in gastric cancer. We have compared the serum levels of sFas/sFasL in gastric adenocarcinoma patients and cases with pre-neoplastic lesions as potential markers for early diagnosis, and investigated their relation with clinicopathological characteristics.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Fifty-nine newly-diagnosed cases of gastric adenocarcinoma who had undergone gastrectomy, along with 62 endoscopically- and histologically-confirmed non-cancer individuals were enrolled in this study. sFas/sFasL serum levels were detected by Enzyme Linked Immunosurbent Assay.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Mean serum sFas level was significantly higher in gastric cancer patients than in control group (305.97 ± 63.71 (pg/ml) vs. 92.98 ± 4.95 (pg/ml), P < 0.001); while the mean serum level of sFasL was lower in patients with gastric adenocarcinoma (0.138 ± 0.04 (pg/ml) vs. 0.150 ± 0.02 (pg/ml), P < 0.001). Mean serum levels of sFas/sFasL were significantly different in both intestinal/diffuse and cardiac/non-cardiac subtypes when compared to the control group (P < 0.001). There was an increase in the serum level of sFas from the first steps of pre-neoplastic lesions to gastric adenocarcinoma (P < 0.001). Patients who had no lymph node involvement (<it>N₀</it>) showed significantly higher serum levels of sFas compared to others (P = 0.044).</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Production of sFas may play a critical role in the carcinogenesis of intestinal-type gastric cancer. sFas serum level may serve as a non-invasive tool for early diagnosis of gastric cancer.</p

Effect of different solutions on color stability of acrylic resin-based dentures

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of thermocycling and immersion in mouthwash or beverage solutions on the color stability of four different acrylic resin-based dentures (Onda Cryl, OC; QC20, QC; Classico, CL; and Lucitone, LU). The factors evaluated were type of acrylic resin, immersion time, and solution (mouthwash or beverage). A total of 224 denture samples were fabricated. For each type of resin, eight samples were immersed in mouthwashes (Plax-Colgate, PC; Listerine, LI; and Oral-B, OB), beverages (coffee, CP; cola, C; and wine, W), and artificial saliva (AS; control). The color change (SE) was evaluated before (baseline) and after thermocycling (T,), and after immersion in solution for 1 h (T-2), 3 h (T-3), 24 h (T-4), 48 h (T-5), and 96 h (T-6). The CIE Lab system was used to determine the color changes. The thermocycling test was performed for 5000 cycles. Data were submitted to three-way repeated-measures analysis of variance and Tukey&apos;s test (p &lt; 0.05). When the samples were immersed in each mouthwash, all assessed factors, associated or not, significantly influenced the color change values, except there was no association between the mouthwash and acrylic resin. Similarly, when the samples were immersed in each beverage, all studied factors influenced the color change values. In general, regardless of the solution, LU exhibited the greatest SE values in the period from T-1 to T-5; and QC presented the greatest SE values at T-6. Thus, thermocycling and immersion in the various solutions influenced the color stability of acrylic resins and QC showed the greatest color alteration.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araçatuba Dental School, Univ Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil.FAPESP: 2010/16962-

Epidemiologie der Verona-Integron-Metallo-ß-Laktamasen (VIM) in Hessen, 2012 – 2016

Carbapeneme sind wichtige Antibiotika für die Behandlung multiresistenter gramnegativer Erreger. Die weltweite Ausbreitung Carbapenemase-produzierender Erreger wird als Bedrohung für die Gesundheitsversorgung angesehen. In Hessen bestand seit Ende 2011 eine Meldepflicht für den Nachweis Carbapenem-resistenter gramnegativer Erreger. Aufgrund der bundesweiten Einführung einer Meldepflicht für Carbapenem-nichtempfindliche Erreger zum 1. Mai 2016 wurde die auf einen Fünfjahreszeitraum befristete hessische Verordnung nicht verlängert. Damit endete die Meldepflicht für Carbapenem-resistente P. aeruginosa zum 31. Dezember 2016. Carbapenemasen werden auf Basis ihrer Aminosäurensequenz in unterschiedliche Gruppen eingeteilt. Verona-Integron-Metallo-ß-Laktamasen (VIM) gehören, wie die New-Delhi-Metallo-ß-Laktamasen (NDM), zur Familie der Metallo-ß-Laktamasen. Im Epidemiologischen Bulletin 49/2017 werden die hessischen Meldedaten zu Carbapenem-resistenten gramnegativen Erregern mit molekularbiologischem Nachweis einer VIM ausgewertet. Das Fazit der Autoren lautet: Verschiedene VIM-Varianten sind in Hessen endemisch. Die Meldepflicht für Carbapenemase-produzierende P. aeruginosa und die Ergebnisse der Ganzgenomsequenzierung waren hilfreich für die Bestätigung bzw. den Ausschluss von Erregerübertragungen. Nur für wenige Patienten mit Nachweis VIM-produzierender Erreger konnte ein wahrscheinlicher Übertragungsweg ermittelt werden

Results on the mandatory notification of carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria, Hesse, Germany, January 2012 - April 2013

Carbapenems are important therapeutic agents for treating infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. Mandatory reporting of carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (CR-GN) can allow for a better understanding of the changing CR-GN burden and can help facilitate intervention. In November 2011, identification of CR-GN with acquired carbapenem resistance became notifiable in Hesse, Germany. Hesse is one of the 16 German federal states, with a population of 6.1 million. We report on CR-GN notified between 1 January and 8 April 2013, when reporting requirements were changed. During this period, 549 CR-GN were isolated from 525 patients. Of these, 67.0% (368/549) were Pseudomonas aeruginosa . The remaining 181 CR-GN comprised 59 (32.6%) K. pneumoniae , 53 (29.3%) Acinetobacter baumannii , 28 (15.5%) Enterobacter spp., 20 (11.5%) E. coli , and 21 (11.6%) other CR-GN. Seventy-three (13.3%) CR-GN were reported to harbour a carbapenemase. Fourteen different carbapenemase types were reported, with the most frequent being OXA-23 (n=18), OXA-48 (n= 16), VIM-2 (n=12), VIM-1 (n=11), and NDM (n=5). Our results suggest the widespread presence of CR-GN, a high diversity of identified carbapenemases, autochthonous transmissions, and regional differences in incidence for the different species and carbapenemases, even in the absence of major outbreaks of infection