Santalum genus : phytochemical constituents, biological activities and health promoting-effects

Santalum genus belongs to the family of Santalaceae, widespread in India, Australia, Hawaii, Sri Lanka, and Indonesia, and valued as traditional medicine, rituals and modern bioactivities. Sandalwood is reported to possess a plethora of bioactive compounds such as essential oil and its components (α-santalol and β-santalol), phenolic compounds and fatty acids. These bioactives play important role in contributing towards biological activities and health-promoting effects in humans. Pre-clinical and clinical studies have shown the role of sandalwood extract as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, neuroleptic, antihyperglycemic, antihyperlipidemic, and anticancer activities. Safety studies on sandalwood essential oil (EO) and its extracts have proven them as a safe ingredient to be utilized in health promotion. Phytoconstituents, bioactivities and traditional uses established sandalwood as one of the innovative materials for application in the pharma, food, and biomedical industry.https://www.degruyter.com/view/j/znaam2023Plant Production and Soil Scienc

Impact of opioid-free analgesia on pain severity and patient satisfaction after discharge from surgery: multispecialty, prospective cohort study in 25 countries

Background: Balancing opioid stewardship and the need for adequate analgesia following discharge after surgery is challenging. This study aimed to compare the outcomes for patients discharged with opioid versus opioid-free analgesia after common surgical procedures.Methods: This international, multicentre, prospective cohort study collected data from patients undergoing common acute and elective general surgical, urological, gynaecological, and orthopaedic procedures. The primary outcomes were patient-reported time in severe pain measured on a numerical analogue scale from 0 to 100% and patient-reported satisfaction with pain relief during the first week following discharge. Data were collected by in-hospital chart review and patient telephone interview 1 week after discharge.Results: The study recruited 4273 patients from 144 centres in 25 countries; 1311 patients (30.7%) were prescribed opioid analgesia at discharge. Patients reported being in severe pain for 10 (i.q.r. 1-30)% of the first week after discharge and rated satisfaction with analgesia as 90 (i.q.r. 80-100) of 100. After adjustment for confounders, opioid analgesia on discharge was independently associated with increased pain severity (risk ratio 1.52, 95% c.i. 1.31 to 1.76; P < 0.001) and re-presentation to healthcare providers owing to side-effects of medication (OR 2.38, 95% c.i. 1.36 to 4.17; P = 0.004), but not with satisfaction with analgesia (beta coefficient 0.92, 95% c.i. -1.52 to 3.36; P = 0.468) compared with opioid-free analgesia. Although opioid prescribing varied greatly between high-income and low- and middle-income countries, patient-reported outcomes did not.Conclusion: Opioid analgesia prescription on surgical discharge is associated with a higher risk of re-presentation owing to side-effects of medication and increased patient-reported pain, but not with changes in patient-reported satisfaction. Opioid-free discharge analgesia should be adopted routinely

Multi-objective optimization of a vehicular PEM fuel cell system

13th Conference on Process Integration, Modelling and Optimisation for Energy Saving and Pollution Reduction -- AUG 28-SEP 01, 2010 -- Prague, CZECH REPUBLICWOS: 000292712100015The multi-objective optimization of a vehicular fuel cell system was conducted in this study with the objective functions for maximizing the power output, both energy and exergy efficiencies, and minimizing cost generation (through exergoeconomics). The cases were investigated parametrically using varying operating conditions, such as temperature, pressure, surrounding temperature and pressure, current density, humidity and membrane thickness. A computer program was developed (MULOP-The Multi-Objective Optimizer) and a genetic algorithm based solver was applied to the program for dealing with the multi-objective problems. It was seen that the variation of the cost and work values at the same work, energy, and exergy fractions are in opposite directions. This study not only calculates the minimum result of cost and maximum results of work, energy and exergy efficiencies, but also improves the computer program for solving general multi-objective optimization problems. The selection of the optimum value depends on the requirements of the system that will be used The Pareto solution values of the multi-objective problem are 3.31 $/GW, 118 kW, 0.49 and 0.55 from the cost, work, energy efficiency and exergy efficiency points of views respectively. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.AIDI

Exergy analysis of petroleum refinery hydrogen network integration based on reaction system

High-purity hydrogen is a crucial input in a crude oil refinery to upgrade several products. For this reason, the effective hydrogen management is necessary to satisfy hydrogen requirements. On the other hand, adding exergy analysis to the hydrogen pinch analysis especially for refinery plants, where hydrogen reacts under high temperature and pressure, helps improve the efficiency of unit by overcoming the lack of pinch analysis. The aim of this study is the simulation and exergy analysis of reactors within hydrogen network integration of a petroleum refinery retrofitted by pinch analysis before. Two hydrogen production and four consumption units were considered and simulated by Aspen Plus, and then the exergy efficiencies were calculated. Low exergy efficiencies were determined in the hydrogen production and hydrodesulfurization units, whereas the separation of excess hydrogen from the desired product considerably effected on the efficiency. The results also show that not only the hydrogen demand of reactors has to be reduced, but also the hydrogen recovery and purification is very important for the increase in efficiency. Although the processes are carried out at the high operating conditions, the reactions significantly affect the total exergy flow rat

Multi-objective optimization of a direct methanol fuel cell system using a genetic-based algorithm

WOS: 000321547900013The multi-objective optimization of a direct methanol fuel cell system was conducted with the objective functions of maximizing both the power output and energy and exergy efficiencies depending on the comprehensive exergy analysis of this study. This advanced model is mounted into the developed computer program multi-objective optimizer which is based on an improved genetic algorithm. The problem is solved parametrically depending on the on the multi-objective optimization objective function ratios which allows a chance to investigate the trade-offs and the importance of the objectives. The investigated parameters are the varying available operating conditions, such as temperature, concentration, and current density. The best results found for each objective were 9.72W for the power produced and 10.732 and 10.467 energy and exergy efficiency, respectively. However, the best optimum for the overall investigation, taking the fitness function into consideration, was 9.59W for the power and 10.248 and 9.995 energy and exergy efficiencies. Copyright (c) 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

Exergoeconomic based multi-objective optimisation of a solid oxide fuel cell system

WOS: 000338923000001In this study, the multi-objective optimisation of a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) system by defining the objective functions to maximise the power output, energy efficiency and exergy efficiency, and minimise the cost under various constraints is conducted. In this regard, energy, exergy and exergoeconomic analyses are performed. Some specific cases are considered and studied parametrically by varying practical operating conditions, namely temperature, pressure, current density and stack assembly thickness. An exergoeconomic model is developed for the system and incorporated into the developed computer program MULOP (multi-objective optimiser) which is based on a genetic algorithm to investigate the system parametrically, depending on the multi-objective optimisation of the objective function ratios. The best result obtained for each objective function is 1.65 W for the power produced, 0.242 and 0.269 for both exergy and energy efficiencies, respectively, and 0.0017 $/W for the cost generated

The Effect of Different Connections in Double Layered Woven Fabrics on Comfort Properties

WOS: 000300962200019With the increasing demand of fabrics for special usage areas, more complex woven structures are designed and from the structural point of view, especially the parameters which affect the comfort properties become more important. This paper reports the effect of structural parameters of double layered woven fabrics, such as number of interlacing picks, period of interlacing and number of weft skips on the basic comfort properties of the fabrics (thickness, air permeability and wicking properties) produced according to Taguchi orthogonal array design. The investigated parameters were determined before and after finishing treatment. According to the results, it is found that period of interlacing has an important effect on the thickness and air permeability of both untreated and treated fabrics whereas in terms of drying coefficient, the effect of the investigated parameters is not statistically important

Turkish population data on the HLA-DQ alpha, LDLR, GYPA, HBGG, D7S8, and GC loci

We have determined the allele and genotype frequencies of six PCR-based genetic markers HLA-DQ alpha, LDLR, GYPA, HBGG, D7S8 and GC in the Turkish population (n = 361 for HLA-DQ alpha, and n = 260 for PM). All loci meet Hardy-Weinberg expectations. The frequency data can be used in forensic analyses in the Turkish population