Between Nero and Prometheus: the Marquis of Pombal and the emergence of party history (18th-21st centuries)

Obra sob a coordenação de: José Eduardo Franco, Luiz Eduardo Oliveira e Christine VogelHaving achieved international fame during his lifetime and becoming the political figure most written about inside and outside his native country, the national importance of the Marquis of Pombal was confirmed in 1934, when a monumental statue was erected in his honor in the center of Lisbon, Pombal. However, until today he is the object of polemics and controversies, in universities and at the tables of bars, where, throughout history, supporters and opposers of his political and administrative acts dispute primacy, making the mythology of the Marquis of Pombal something alive in Portuguese culture. In addition to taking care of his own image, Pombal organized a powerful propaganda scheme that did not exclude symbolic paintings, medals, panegyrics, sonnets and theatrical plays in his honor, exerting absolute control over his own biography. However, if during his government his supporters and sycophants glorified him, there were few who remained by his side after the death of D. José and his fall from government, during the so-called “viradeira”. This book, which brings together a team of experienced researchers dedicated to studying of the Pombaline period, is a proof that the Marquis of Pombal, being one of the most fascinating and controversial characters in European history, is part of a central and decisive moment in the history of the Portuguese empire, but also in the process of organization and unification of Brazil.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

A Inglaterra como vilã: Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo e o discurso da anglofobia

Este artigo investiga o modo como o discurso oficial da anglofobia, no contexto português, se configura nos escritos econômicos de Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo (1699-1782), que mitifica a Inglaterra como uma encarnação do mal, uma vez que, nos escritos dos outros intelectuais do período, o caráter malévolo da aliança inglesa é atribuído à conjuntura político-econômica da Europa, e não à má índole ou à ganância do seu “gênio”.Based on the Portuguese context, this paper studies the shaping of the Anglophobia’s official speech in the economical writings of Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo (1699-1782), who mythicizes England as an incarnation of evil, while in the writings of other intellectuals of the same period the malevolent feature of the English alliance is attributed to the political-economic conjuncture of Europe, instead of to its greed “genius”.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

The Conservative Party and literary education in the Brazilian empire (1841-1863)

Abstract The centralization of the system of public instruction in eighteenth century Brazil, related to the centralization of the main public institutions of the country, was the result of parliamentary victories of the Saquaremas, as the illustrious representatives of the conservative party were called. Since 1837, when Bernardo Pereira de Vasconcelos (1795-1850) assumed the virtual leadership of the government, the conservatives had proposed centralizing measures. Although one used to say at the time that there was nothing more similar to a Saquarema than a Luzia with political power, there was a hierarchical relation between the two parties, even though both were complementary parts of the government, which was composed by what was considered the “good society”, that is, the political elite of the empire. Such hierarchical relation was due to the failure of the Luzias’ – or liberals’ – project of forging a political direction to the country. Such project was accomplished by the Saquaremas, who had reduced the revolutionary pretentions of their opponents to the condition of rebellions. This article investigates how the institutionalization of literary education in Brazil was related to the Saquaremas’ political project, who aimed to form the spirit of those who would later be part of the bureaucratic framework of the empire. To do so, many legislative pieces were used as sources, including parliamentary debates and ministerial reports, besides the political, educational and literary historiography of the period.Resumo A centralização do sistema de instrução pública no Brasil oitocentista, correspondente a um processo de centralização das principais instituições públicas do país, resultou de vitórias parlamentares dos Saquaremas, como eram chamados os ilustres representantes do Partido Conservador. Desde 1837, quando Bernardo Pereira de Vasconcelos (1795-1850) assumiu a liderança virtual do governo, os conservadores vinham propondo medidas centralizadoras. Embora se costumasse dizer, nessa época, que não havia nada tão parecido com um Saquarema quanto um Luzia no poder, havia uma relação hierárquica entre os dois partidos, mesmo sendo ambos partes complementares do governo, que era composto pelo que se considerava “a boa sociedade”, isto é, a elite política do Império. Tal relação hierárquica se devia ao fato de os Luzias – ou Liberais – terem fracassado em seu projeto de levar a cabo uma direção para o país, algo conseguido pelos Saquaremas, que reduziram à condição de rebeliões as pretensões revolucionárias de seus oponentes. Este artigo investiga o modo como a institucionalização da educação literária no Brasil oitocentista relacionou-se com o projeto político dos Saquaremas, em seu intuito de formar os espíritos daqueles que teriam, mais tarde, acesso aos cursos superiores e iriam compor os quadros burocráticos do Império. Para tanto, foram usadas como fontes várias peças legislativas, incluindo os debates parlamentares e os relatórios ministeriais da época, além da historiografia política, educacional e literária referente ao período

The Pombaline legislation and its mythology: the case of educational and linguistic reforms

Este artigo analisa a legislação pombalina referente ao ensino de línguas, com o objetivo de evidenciar o modo como a construção discursiva da noção de uma Europa polida e civilizada, ao contrapor-se ao alegado atraso da administração temporal e pedagógica dos Jesuítas, articula-se com uma mitologia que se apresenta como um arsenal léxico-discursivo composto de algumas palavras-chave grafadas com maiúsculas que dão sustentação à noção do «moderno», recorrendo ao mito da Idade de Ouro (Eliade, 2000), isto é, à invenção de uma tradição gloriosa do povo lusitano antes da chegada da Companhia de Jesus.This article analyses the Pombaline legislation regarding language teaching with the aim of highlighting how the discursive construction of the notion of a polished and civilized Europe, by opposing the alleged delay in the temporal and pedagogical administration of the Jesuits, articulates with a mythology that presents itself as a lexical-discursive arsenal composed of a few capitalized key-words that support the notion of «modern», resorting to the myth of the Golden Age (Elia-de, 2000), that is, to the invention of a glorious tradition of the Lusitanian people before the arrival of the Society of Jesus.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Los Jesuitas y las reformas pombalinas. rupturas y continuidades

Da mesma forma que a Europa representava, na legislação pombalina, a ideia de progresso e civilização, suplantando assim todas as contradições que tal pressuposto acarreta, o ataque aos jesuítas, fora do âmbito retórico, nem sempre tinha fundamento. É sabido, por exemplo, que os membros da Companhia de Jesus não eram tão atrasados ou ignorantes como afirmava a lei. Seu ideário e suas ações, do ponto de vista político-econômico, eram bastante arrojados para o tempo, como comprovam os escritos econômicos do padre jesuíta Antônio Vieira (1608-1697), que defendia a participação dos cristãos-novos na economia portuguesa e a criação de companhias de comércio, e a administração temporal de mais de vinte aldeias do Pará e Maranhão, empregando a mão-de-obra dos indígenas, que lhe granjearam um capital e um poder temidos e cobiçados pelos habitantes daquele importante domínio lusitano. Este artigo busca mostrar até que ponto as rupturas promovidas pelas reformas pombalinas significaram um rompimento ou continuidade com relação à pedagogia jesuítica.In the same way that Europe, in the Pombaline legislation, was a representative of the idea of progress and civilization, thus superseding all contradictions which such assumption entails, the attack on the Jesuits, outside the scope of rhetoric, was not always justified. It is known, for instance, that the members of the Society of Jesus were not as backward or ignorant as the law stated. Their ideary and actions, from an economic and political viewpoint, were quite venturesome for the period, as it is proved by the economic writings of the Jesuit priest Antônio Vieira (1608-1697), who advocated for the participation of the new christians in the Portuguese economy and the creation of trading companies, and the temporal administration of more than twenty villages of Pará and Maranhão, by employing the indiginous workforce, which yielded a capital and power feared as well as coveted by the inhabitants of that important lusitanian dominion. This article aims to show to what extent the ruptures carried out by the Pombaline reforms meant a real rupture or continuity with regards to the Jesuit pedagogy.contradicciones que esta suposición conduce, el ataque a los jesuitas, fuera del ámbito retórico, no siempre tenía fundamento. Se sabe, por ejemplo, que los miembros de la Compañía de Jesús no eran tan atrasados o ignorantes como afirmaba la ley. Su ideario y sus acciones, desde el punto de vista político y económico, eran bastante atrevidos para la época, como lo demuestran los escritos económicos del padre jesuita António Vieira (1608-1697), que abogaba por la participación de los nuevos cristianos en la economía portuguesa y la creación de empresas de comercio, y la administración temporal de más de veinte aldeas de Pará y Maranhão, utilizando la mano de obra de los indígenas, que le valió capital y poder temidos y codiciados por los habitantes de ese importante dominio lusitano. En ese artículo se pretende mostrar hasta que punto las rupturas promovidas por las reformas pombalinas significaron un rompimiento o continuidad con respecto a la pedagogía jesuítica.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

A criação de um recurso didático e a aplicação das taxonomias de Bloom como avaliação da aprendizagem: Relatos de sala de aula

Anais do 3° Encontro Nacional de Jogos e Atividades Lúdicas no Ensino de Química, Física e Biologia (Jalequim - Level III) - Núcleo de Desenvolvimento de Pesquisas em Ensino de Química/Ciências da UNILA (NuDDEQ)A utilização dos jogos e atividades lúdicas torna - se cada vez mais presente no contexto escolar e em pesquisas acadêmicas . e ntretanto , há poucas discussões sobre a utilização de ferramentas que auxiliam na análise geral do jogo . a ssim , além deste trabalho propor um jogo a ser utilizado no ensino de q uímica , faz uso das taxonomias de b loom como método de avaliação dos conteúdos acadêmicos que são inerentes da atividade

The pombaline writings about public instruction

This article intends to establish a canon of the pombaline writingsabout public instruction in general, and the teaching of Humanitiesin particular, which are responsible for what is conventionallycalled in the educational historiography by the name of pombalinereforms. Additionally, it aims to investigate the way thosewritings provoked the foundation and affected the developmentof public instruction in Brazil. To attain such purposes, based onthe theoretical support of cultural history and cultural studies, itis used the historiography dedicated to the period, manuscriptsand documental, legislative, literary, and epistolary sources, aswell as textbooks and periodicals published in the period

Legal Document Classification: An Application to Law Area Prediction of Petitions to Public Prosecution Service

In recent years, there has been an increased interest in the application of Natural Language Processing (NLP) to legal documents. The use of convolutional and recurrent neural networks along with word embedding techniques have presented promising results when applied to textual classification problems, such as sentiment analysis and topic segmentation of documents. This paper proposes the use of NLP techniques for textual classification, with the purpose of categorizing the descriptions of the services provided by the Public Prosecutor's Office of the State of Paran\'a to the population in one of the areas of law covered by the institution. Our main goal is to automate the process of assigning petitions to their respective areas of law, with a consequent reduction in costs and time associated with such process while allowing the allocation of human resources to more complex tasks. In this paper, we compare different approaches to word representations in the aforementioned task: including document-term matrices and a few different word embeddings. With regards to the classification models, we evaluated three different families: linear models, boosted trees and neural networks. The best results were obtained with a combination of Word2Vec trained on a domain-specific corpus and a Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) architecture (more specifically, LSTM), leading to an accuracy of 90\% and F1-Score of 85\% in the classification of eighteen categories (law areas)

To Open the Mouth, to Show the Tongue: Anthropophagic Gestures in Brazilian Art

This essay seeks to articulate a detailed reading through two anatomical selections –the mouth and tongue— in Brazilian art from the end of the 1960s. The reading is part of a shift in the matrix of Oswald de Andrade’s “Anthropophagic Manifesto,” originally published in the Revista de Antropofagia in 1928, whose interpretations spread in Brazil during the second half of the 20th century. This study mobilises elements of the manifesto and its resonance in the works of artists such as Anna Maria Maiolino, Lygia Pape, Paulo Bruscky, and Lenora de Barros