Researchers' Seedbeds for the Development of Research Skills in Universities

The objective of this study is to demonstrate the effects of the application of the pedagogical strategy "researcher's seedbed" in the development of research skills in universities. This research is of quasi-experimental, longitudinal and prospective design, where 2 groups were formed: control and experimental, of 18 students each. A validated instrument was used to measure the research competences, as well as a rubric for the evaluation of the research projects. It began with a pre-test, and after 14 weeks of the development of the strategy, through different educational sessions, the post-test was administered. Likewise, the research projects carried out were evaluated. The results obtained showed that the pedagogical strategy had a positive effect on the development of research skills, with the highest evaluation being found in 40% of the students, with statistically significant differences between the control and experimental groups (Mann Whitney U, p=0.007), and between the pre-test and post-test (Wilcoxon, p=0.00). In the development of cognitive and procedural competence, an effect was also found in the strategy, but not in the attitudinal competence (Mann Whitney U, p=0.496). The application of this study is based on the fact that the formation of research groups in universities strengthens formative research in higher level students. This study shows the benefits of the implementation of strategies for the development of research competencies, since the product will be to train professionals with a scientific culture in favor of society

Regeneración ósea post exodoncia por fractura dentaria de origen traumático

The present article aims to report a clinical case that exposes the guided bone regeneration treatment (ROG) in a tooth with a traumatic fracture. The procedure consisted of bone regeneration, which has proven to be a successful technique to promote the recovery of dentoalveolar bone defects. Lyophilized organic bovine bone and resorbable bovine collagen membrane were placed one month after having suffered a dentoalveolar trauma at the level of the upper right central incisor. In conclusion, the treatment proved to be very effective in increasing and preserving the dimensions of the resorbed alveolar ridges, optimizing the biological conditions of our patients for subsequent rehabilitation.  El presente artículo tiene como objetivo reportar un caso clínico que expone el tratamiento de regeneración ósea guiada (ROG) en una pieza dentaria con fractura de origen traumático. El procedimiento consistió en regeneración ósea, la cual ha demostrado ser una técnica exitosa para promover la recuperación de defectos óseos dentoalveolares. Se colocó hueso orgánico de bovino liofilizado y membrana reabsorbible de colágeno bovino a un mes de haber sufrido un trauma dentoalveolar a nivel del incisivo central superior derecho. En conclusión, el tratamiento demostró ser muy eficaz para aumentar y conservar las dimensiones de los rebordes alveolares reabsorbidos, logrando optimizar las condiciones biológicas de nuestros pacientes para una posterior rehabilitación.O procedimento de regeneração óssea guiada (ROG) tem se mostrado uma técnica de sucesso para promover a regeneração de defeitos ósseos presentes ao redor dos implantes dentários, bem como para aumentar as dimensões vertical e horizontal das cristas alveolares atróficas antes da colocação do implante. O plano de tratamento incluiu a instalação de osso bovino orgânico liofilizado e uma membrana de colágeno bovino reabsorvível após um mês de trauma dentoalveolar. O objetivo deste relato de caso é descrever a instalação do osso liofilizado e da membrana, após ter sofrido um trauma alveolar dentário ao nível do dente 1.1. Este artigo relata um caso clínico que expõe o tratamento de regeneração óssea guiada para a posterior instalação do implante dentário e a futura restauração da coroa

Recomendaciones dirigidas a los familiares responsables del cuidado domiciliario de un paciente diagnosticado con Covid-19

The crisis that is causing the disease called COVID-19 is severely affecting the health system of many countries, which require alternative measures to care this large number of patients who are not able to be treated at medical centers. This is the reason why home care is considered an alternative, for which it must be very rigorous with the care of the sick person, since if it is not done in a proper way, the other members of the family home are under risk of contamination, which would increase the saturation of the health system. Indications such as the stay of the patient in one place, the use of protective barriers when entering this area, or the constant sanitization of hands, among other measures, can lead to the success of this type of actions, favoring the prompt recovery of the patient and the preservation of the health of the other members at home.La crisis que está ocasionando la enfermedad denominada COVID-19 está afectando severamente al sistema sanitario de diversos países, lo que obliga a tomar medidas alternativas para poder atender a una gran cantidad de pacientes que no pueden acceder a los centros de atención médica. Es por esta razón que se considera como una alternativa la atención domiciliaria para lo cual se debe ser muy riguroso en el cuidado de la persona afectada con COVID 19, ya que, si esto no se realiza de forma adecuada, los demás integrantes del hogar corren el riesgo de contaminarse, lo que incrementaría la saturación de los establecimientos de salud. Indicaciones como la permanencia del enfermo en un solo lugar, el uso de barreras de protección cuando se ingresa a esta área o la constante práctica de la higiene de manos, entre otras medidas, puede encaminar al éxito de este tipo de atención favoreciendo la pronta recuperación del paciente y la preservación de la salud de los demás habitantes del hogar.A atual crise que está causando a doença denominada COVID-19 está afetando gravemente o sistema de saúde de vários países, o que requer outras medidas a serem tomadas para poder atender este grande número de pacientes fora dos centros hospitalares. É por isso que a assistência domiciliar é considerada uma alternativa, para a qual deve ser muito rigorosa com o cuidado do doente, pois se não for realizada de forma adequada os demais membros do domicílio correm o risco de contaminar o que aumentaria a saturação das unidades de saúde. Indicações como a permanência do paciente em um único local, o uso de barreiras protetoras na entrada nesta área ou a prática constante de higienização das mãos, entre outras medidas, podem levar ao sucesso desse tipo de atendimento, favorecendo uma recuperação rápida do paciente e a preservação da saúde dos demais habitantes. &nbsp

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030