Annealing 2-Decanol in Nano-confined Systems: Effects of Annealing Time

We studied melting and freezing of 2-decanol nano-crystals (100 Angstrom to 1000 Angstrom) using a Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC). In agreement with the Gibbs-Thompson equation, the melting temperature of nano crystals decreases with physical size and its change scales linearly with the inverse of physical size. The apparent heat of fusion of the nano scaled systems, however, has been found to be lower than the heat of fusion for the bulk. Although this is in agreement with previous experimental observations, it is in contradiction with the assumptions used to develop the Gibbs-Thompson equation. We believe that the apparent heat of fusion needs a correction since material at an interface may not crystallize under typical freezing conditions. We are able to demonstrate that we can increase the apparent heat of fusion by as much as 23% by annealing the nano scaled systems and that the heat of fusion increases with annealing time while the suppression of melting temperature due to confinement decreases with annealing time

Bridger Formation Sandstones Used as an Indication of Tectonics in the Green River Basin and Western Wyoming

Sandstone from the Eocene Bridger Formation of southwestern Wyoming can be used as a tool to constrain the timing and order of controversial tectonic events in the region. The key tectonic element in this region is the Wind River Range. Sandstones in the Bridger were derived from two source areas to the north, one being the basement rocks from the Wind River Range and the other volcanic rocks from the Absaroka Volcanic field (AVF). The abundance of volcanic grains increases upsection in the Bridger indicating that more volcanic material was carried through the Wind River Range. This evidence supports the theory that the southern Wind River Range was initially uplifted during the Laramide Orogeny, eroded throughout the Eocene, and uplifted during a second event in the Oligocene. This theory contrasts the traditionally accepted tectonic history of the Wind River Range which says the last uplift was during the Eocene Laramide Orogeny. The base of the Bridger has been dated at between 51 and 48 Ma (Groll and Steidtmann, 1987; Clyde et aI, 1997). The Bridger at Continental Peak in the northeastern Green River basin contains volcanic quartz which is believed to be from the AVF and constrains the timing of Bridger deposition

Bridger Formation Sandstones Used as an Indication of Tectonics in the Green River Basin and Western Wyoming

Sandstone from the Eocene Bridger Formation of southwestern Wyoming can be used as a tool to constrain the timing and order of controversial tectonic events in the region. The key tectonic element in this region is the Wind River Range. Sandstones in the Bridger were derived from two source areas to the north, one being the basement rocks from the Wind River Range and the other volcanic rocks from the Absaroka Volcanic field (AVF). The abundance of volcanic grains increases upsection in the Bridger indicating that more volcanic material was carried through the Wind River Range. This evidence supports the theory that the southern Wind River Range was initially uplifted during the Laramide Orogeny, eroded throughout the Eocene, and uplifted during a second event in the Oligocene. This theory contrasts the traditionally accepted tectonic history of the Wind River Range which says the last uplift was during the Eocene Laramide Orogeny. The base of the Bridger has been dated at between 51 and 48 Ma (Groll and Steidtmann, 1987; Clyde et aI, 1997). The Bridger at Continental Peak in the northeastern Green River basin contains volcanic quartz which is believed to be from the AVF and constrains the timing of Bridger deposition

Geometric anticipation: assisting users in 2D layout tasks

We describe an experimental interface that anticipates a user's intentions and accommodates predicted changes in advance. Our canonical example is an interactive version of ``magnetic poetry'' in which rectangular blocks containing single words can be juxtaposed to form arbitrary sentences or ``poetry.'' The user can rearrange the blocks at will, forming and dissociating word sequences. A crucial attribute of the blocks in our system is that they anticipate insertions and gracefully rearrange themselves in time to make space for a new word or phrase. The challenges in creating such an interface are three fold: 1) the user's intentions must be inferred from noisy input, 2) arrangements must be altered smoothly and intuitively in response to anticipated changes, and 3) new and changing goals must be handled gracefully at any time, even in mid animation. We describe a general approach for handling the dynamic creation and deletion of organizational goals. Fluid motion is achieved by continually applying and correcting goal-directed forces to the objects. Future applications of this idea include the manipulation of text and graphical elements within documents and the manipulation of symbolic information such as equations