Adaptive Server and Path Switching for Content Delivery Networks

The communications quality of content delivery networks (CDNs), which are geographically distributed networks that have been optimized for content delivery, deteriorates when interflow congestion conditions are severe. Herein, we propose an adaptive server and path switching scheme that is based on the estimated acquisition throughput of each path. We also provide simulation results that show our proposed method can provide higher throughput performance levels than existing methods

Increased expression of α4β7 integrin on food allergen-stimulated CD4+ T cells in active food allergic enterocolitis

We used flow cytometry to investigate the expression of α4β7 integrin on peripheral blood CD4+ T cells stimulated with αs-casein, one of the major allergens in milk allergy, in patients with milk-induced enterocolitis. In the active state of the disease, the levels of α4β7 integrin on αs-casein-stimulated CD4+ T cells, as well as the numbers of positive cells, were higher than in the age-matched control. Upon outgrowing milk allergy, α4β7 integrin levels decreased to the same levels as in the healthy control. The proliferative responses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells to αs-casein in the active state did not differ from those in the outgrown state, suggesting that the expression of α4β7 integrin on milk allergen-activated T cells is a marker of the activation state leading to the pathogenesis of milk-allergic enterocolitis