Structural breaks in labor productivity growth : the United States vs. the European Union

There is a stark contrast between the recent evolution of labor productivity (and TFP) in the US and EU countries. In the US it accelerated around the mid-1990s and there is evidence of reversion to a high-growth regime. In some EU countries, while employment-population ratios started to rise after a period of stagnant employment, labor productivity (and TFP) decelerated. In this paper we apply univariate and multivariate methods, that have been used to detect structural breaks in productivity growth in the US economy, to EU data to confirm the existence of a significant permanent shift to lower productivity growth in some European countries around the mid-1990s. We find a structural break in mean labour productivity growth in the US around the mid-1990s (towards higher growth), in Continental Europe around the early 1990s (towards lower growth) and no evidence of structural breaks in the UK. [resumen de autor

A meta-analysis of resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) or open aortic cross-clamping by resuscitative thoracotomy in non-compressible torso hemorrhage patients

Background The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine the effect of REBOA, compared to resuscitative thoracotomy, on mortality and among non-compressible torso hemorrhage trauma patients. Methods Relevant articles were identified by a literature search in MEDLINE and EMBASE. We included studies involving trauma patients suffering non-compressible torso hemorrhage. Studies were eligible if they evaluated REBOA and compared it to resuscitative thoracotomy. Two investigators independently assessed articles for inclusion and exclusion criteria and selected studies for final analysis. We conducted meta-analysis using random effect models. Results We included three studies in our systematic review. These studies included a total of 1276 patients. An initial analysis found that although lower in REBOA-treated patients, the odds of mortality did not differ between the compared groups (OR 0.42; 95% CI 0.17–1.03). Sensitivity analysis showed that the risk of mortality was significantly lower among patients who underwent REBOA, compared to those who underwent resuscitative thoracotomy (RT) (RR 0.81; 95% CI 0.68–0.97). Conclusion Our meta-analysis, mainly from observational data, suggests a positive effect of REBOA on mortality among non-compressible torso hemorrhage patients. However, these results deserve further investigation

Headache of recent onset in adults: a prospective population-based study

One hundred consecutive adult patients with headache of recent onset were prospectively studied. Every patient was examined by craneal CT scan. Their mean age was 46 years (range 17-82). Neurological examination was normal in 80 patients. Organic headache represented 39% of the entire group, and 26% of them had a normal neurological examination. The yield of CT scan in patients with headaches and a normal neurological examination was 22.5% (95% IC: 14%-33%); of which we encountered the following pathologies: intracranial tumors (13), hydrocephalus (2), arachnoid cyst (l), toxoplasmic abscess (1) and parenchymal hemorrhage (1). The clinical characteristics of the headache on their own was insufficient to rule out the possibility of an intracranial tumor. Neuroimaging studies should be performed in all adult patients with non-vascular headache of recent onset, I and previously headache-free individual

Cambios estructurales en la productividad del trabajo : Estados Unidos frente a la UE

Artículo de revist

On the Xiao conjecture for plane curves

Let f:S⟶B be a non-trivial fibration from a complex projective smooth surface S to a smooth curve B of genus b. Let cf the Clifford index of the general fibre F of f. In Barja et al. (Journal für die reine und angewandte Mathematik, 2016) it is proved that the relative irregularity of f, qf=h1,0(S)−b is less or equal than or equal to g(F)−cf . In particular this proves the (modified) Xiao's conjecture: qf≤g(F)2+1 for fibrations of general Clifford index. In this short note we assume that the general fiber of f is a plane curve of degree d≥5 and we prove that qf≤g(F)−cf−1 . In particular we obtain the conjecture for families of quintic plane curves. This theorem is implied for the following result on infinitesimal deformations: let F a smooth plane curve of degree d≥5 and let ξ be an infinitesimal deformation of F preserving the planarity of the curve. Then the rank of the cup-product map H0(F,ωF)⟶⋅ξH1(F,OF) is at least d−3 . We also show that this bound is sharp

Sub-250 fs, 650 kW Peak Power Harmonic Mode-Locked Fiber Laser with InN-based SESAM

43rd. European Conference on Optical Communication (ECOC 2017), Gothemburg, 17-21 Sept.We demonstrate ultrafast harmonically mode-locked fiber lasing in up to 6-km-long rings at 1.56μm with InN SESAM. Fundamental mode-locking with pulse width of 239fs, pulse energy of 155nJ and peak power of 650kW is achieved with a 1-km-long cavity.European CommissionMinisterio de Economía y CompetitividadComunidad de Madri

Germinal matrix hemorrhage: can be detected effectively

La hemorragia de la matriz germinal corresponde a un evento cerebrovascular originado en sus vasos sanguíneos, es prevalente en los prematuros y es la primera causa de mortalidad infantil en Ecuador; su inadecuado diagnóstico tiene un importante impacto en el neurodesarrollo de los prematuros y puede generar secuelas graves que pueden ser mayores conforme al grado de prematuridad, especialmente en prematuros con un peso de 500 a 750 g al nacimiento. Una de las principales herramientas para diagnosticar la hemorragia de la matriz es el ultrasonido transfontanelar que es fundamental en la detección y manejo temprano la situación, se debe considerar que requiere de un radiólogo experimentado para identificar e interpretar los hallazgos. Los factores de riesgo asociados son: la edad gestacional, el peso bajo al nacer, la puntuación baja del test de Apgar, la acidosis y la asfixia neonatal. Los factores que están implicados en la hemorragia pueden ser: intravasculares, vasculares y extravasculares. Los grados pueden ir del Grado I (masa hiperecogénica por la presencia de coágulos, el plexo coroideo luce engrosado en la región del trígono), Grado II (en el que la hemorragia se extiende hacia la cisterna magna lo que incrementa el riesgo de hidrocefalia), Grado III en el que el coágulo se volverá más anecoico con el tiempo, la presencia de sangre en el LCR puede producir una ventriculitis química) y Grado IV (con hipercogenecidad paraventricular con afectación de lóbulos frontales y parietales). El ultrasonido transfontanelar puede detectar varias lesiones cerebrales en el recién nacido prematuro entre estas la hemorragia de la matriz germinal y la leucomalacia periventricular. La causa principal de la leucomalacia son los eventos hipóxicos-isquémicos, por lo que las lesiones predominan en la sustancia blanca periventricular. Se recomienda el uso de esta técnica para el diagnóstico oportuno de la hemorragia en los recién nacidos que presenten factores de riesgo.The germinal matrix hemorrhage corresponds to a cerebrovascular event originated in its blood vessels, it is prevalent in premature babies and is the first cause of infant mortality in Ecuador; Its inadequate diagnosis has an important impact on the neurodevelopment of premature infants and can generate serious sequelae that may be greater depending on the degree of prematurity, especially in premature infants weighing 500 to 750 g at birth. One of the main tools to diagnose womb bleeding is transfontanelar ultrasound, which is fundamental in the detection and early management of the situation. It should be considered that it requires an experienced radiologist to identify and interpret the findings. Some associated risk factors are: gestational age, low birth weight, low Apgar score, acidosis, and neonatal asphyxia. The factors that are involved in bleeding can be: intravascular, vascular and extravascular. The degrees can range from Grade I (hyperechogenic mass due to the presence of clots, the choroid plexus looks thickened in the trigone region), Grade II (in which the hemorrhage extends to the cisterna magna, which increases the risk of hydrocephalus) , Grade III in which the clot will become more anechoic over time, the presence of blood in the CSF can cause chemical ventriculitis) and Grade IV (with paraventricular hypercogenecity with involvement of the frontal and parietal lobes). Transfontanelar ultrasound can detect various brain lesions in the premature newborn, including bleeding from the germ matrix and periventricular leukomalacia. The main cause of leukomalacia is hypoxic-ischemic events, so that the lesions predominate in the periventricular white matter. The use of this technique is recommended for the timely diagnosis of bleeding in newborns with risk factors

Transcriptional upregulation of four genes of the lysine biosynthetic pathway by homocitrate accumulation in Penicillium chrysogenum: homocitrate as a sensor of lysine-pathway distress

The lysine biosynthetic pathway has to supply large amounts of α-aminoadipic acid for penicillin biosynthesis in Penicillium chrysogenum. In this study, we have characterized the P. chrysogenum L2 mutant, a lysine auxotroph that shows highly increased expression of several lysine biosynthesis genes (lys1, lys2, lys3, lys7). The L2 mutant was found to be deficient in homoaconitase activity since it was complemented by the Aspergillus nidulans lysF gene. We have cloned a gene (named lys3) that complements the L2 mutation by transformation with a P. chrysogenum genomic library, constructed in an autonomous replicating plasmid. The lys3-encoded protein showed high identity to homoaconitases. In addition, we cloned the mutant lys3 allele from the L2 strain that showed a G1534 to A1534 point mutation resulting in a Gly495 to Asp495 substitution. This mutation is located in a highly conserved region adjacent to two of the three cysteine residues that act as ligands to bind the iron-sulfur cluster required for homoaconitase activity. The L2 mutant accumulates homocitrate. Deletion of the lys1 gene (homocitrate synthase) in the L2 strain prevented homocitrate accumulation and reverted expression levels of the four lysine biosynthesis genes tested to those of the parental prototrophic strain. Homocitrate accumulation seems to act as a sensor of lysine-pathway distress, triggering overexpression of four of the lysine biosynthesis genes.Fil: Teves, Franco. Universidad de León; EspañaFil: Lamas Maceiras, Mónica. Universidad de León; EspañaFil: García Estrada, Carlos. Instituto de Biotecnología de León; EspañaFil: Casqueiro, Javier. Instituto de Biotecnología de León; España. Universidad de León; EspañaFil: Naranjo, Leopoldo. Universidad de León; EspañaFil: Ullán, Ricardo V.. Instituto de Biotecnología de León; EspañaFil: Scervino, Jose Martin. Instituto de Biotecnología de León; España. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Centro Regional Universidad Bariloche. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente; ArgentinaFil: Wu, Xiaobin. Instituto de Biotecnología de León; EspañaFil: Velasco Conde, Tania. Instituto de Biotecnología de León; EspañaFil: Martín, Juan F.. Instituto de Biotecnología de León; España. Universidad de León; Españ

Contributions to the INIFAP technology transfer 35 years after its creation / Contribuições para a transferência de tecnologia INIFAP 35 anos após a sua criação

The main contributions that INIFAP has made in the transfer of technologies and knowledge, in support of the rural population of Mexico, are presented, the most outstanding models within the national and international scope that researchers have put into operation and their main results are detailed. Undoubtedly, the institutional contributions to the programs of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development have marked a watershed between the traditional models or what "what occurred to him" to the researcher in contrast to the participatory and inclusive models to contribute to the substantial improvement of the productive processes, the family economy and for the agribusiness