Atmospheric water-soluble organic nitrogen (WSON) in the eastern Mediterranean: origin and ramifications regarding marine productivity

Aerosol and rain sampling in two size fractions was carried out at a rural site located on the coast of the eastern Mediterranean, Erdemli, Turkey (36∘33′54'' N, 34∘15′18'' E). A total of 674 aerosol samples in two size fractions (337 coarse, 337 fine) and 23 rain samples were collected between March 2014 and April 2015. Samples were analyzed for NO−3, NH+4 and ancillary water-soluble ions using ion chromatography and water-soluble total nitrogen (WSTN) by applying a high-temperature combustion method. The mean aerosol water-soluble organic nitrogen (WSON) was 23.8 ± 16.3 nmol N m−3, reaching a maximum of 79 nmol N m−3, with about 66 % being associated with coarse particles. The volume weighted mean (VWM) concentration of WSON in rain was 21.5 µmol N L−1. The WSON contributed 37 and 29 % to the WSTN in aerosol and rainwater, respectively. Aerosol WSON concentrations exhibited large temporal variation, mainly due to meteorology and the origin of air mass flow. The highest mean aerosol WSON concentration was observed in the summer and was attributed to the absence of rain and resuspension of cultivated soil in the region. The mean concentration of WSON during dust events (38.2 ± 17.5 nmol N m−3) was 1.3 times higher than that of non-dust events (29.4 ± 13.9 nmol N m−3). Source apportionment analysis demonstrated that WSON was originated from agricultural activities (43 %), secondary aerosol (20 %), nitrate (22 %), crustal material (10 %) and sea salt (5 %). The dry and wet depositions of WSON were equivalent and amounted to 36 % of the total atmospheric WSTN flux

SafePredict: A Machine Learning Meta-Algorithm That Uses Refusals to Guarantee Correctness

International audienc

Effect of glide path preparation on apical debris extrusion of rotary and reciprocating single-file systems: OneShape versus WaveOne.

Objective To assess the effect of glide path on the amount of apically extruded debris after instrumentation with WaveOne and OneShape.Methods. Forty-eight extracted human mandibular incisorswere assigned to 4 groups. In groups 1 and 2, preparation was completed with WaveOne In groups 3 and 4, canals were prepared with OneShape. Before instrumentation, in groups 1 and 3, glide path was created with PathFile 1, 2, and 3 at working length, whereas in groups 2 and 4, glide path was not performed. The weight of the extruded debris for each group was calculated by comparing the pre- and post-instrumentation weights of the eppendorf tubes. The time required for reaching full WL was also recorded. Data were analyzed by Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney U tests. Results. There was no difference in the amount of debris extruded between the single file systems (P=0.234). Time required to reach full WL was significantly decreased by creating a glide path (P< 0.05).Conclusion. Creation of a glide path does not significantly affect the apically extruded debris

Comparison of Shear Bond Strengths of Ceramic Brackets Using Either Self-etching Primer or Conventional Method After Intracoronal Bleaching

Objective:To evaluate initial shear bond strengths (SBSs) of ceramic brackets using either a self-etching primer (SEP) or the conventional method (CM) after intracoronal bleaching with sodium perborate and distilled water.Materials and Method:Eighty human incisors were divided into 4 groups according to bleaching and bonding procedures: group 1, bleaching was not applied and brackets were bonded with SEP; group 2, bleaching was not applied and brackets were bonded with the CM; group 3, intracoronal bleaching with sodium perborate was applied for 3 weeks and brackets were bonded with SEP; group 4, intracoronal bleaching with sodium perborate was applied for 3 weeks and brackets were bonded with the CM. The SEP (Transbond Plus) was applied as recommended by the manufacturer. After SEP application, ceramic brackets were bonded with light cure adhesive (Transbond XT). For the CM, the teeth were etched with 37% phosphoric acid. After etching, a thin uniform coat of primer (Transbond XT Primer) was applied and ceramic brackets were bonded with light cure adhesive (Transbond XT). The SBSs were measured after water storage for 30 days, after 1000 cycles of thermocycling between 58C and 558C. Bond failure location was determined with the adhesive remnant index (ARI).Results:For the SEP method, there was no significant difference between the SBS values of the bleaching and nonbleaching groups. Furthermore, for the CM, the SBS value of the nonbleaching group was not significantly different from that of the bleaching group. The SBS values of the SEP method presented significant differences from the SBS values of the CM (p , 0.001). The SBS values of the SEP application decreased with and without bleaching. ARI scores did not show any significant difference between the groups (p = 0.174).Conclusion:Intracoronal bleaching with sodium perborate and distilled water did not affect the SBS values of ceramic brackets

Recurrent Her-2 positive occult breast cancer presenting with zosteriform cutaneous metastases: a case report

Various cutaneous metastasis patterns are described in breast cancer. Zosteriform metastases are rare cutaneous metastases, which appear in a dermatomal distribution. A 66-year woman presented with a 1-month history of nodular lesions on the left posterior hemithorax area. Biopsy was reported as human epidermal growth factor receptor (Her) 2 positive, hormone receptor-negative breast carcinoma metastasis. Dual blockade therapy targeting Her-2 overexpression was initiated for the patient. Treatment response was obtained after 3 cycles. There was a significant improvement in skin lesions. Zosteriform cutaneous metastases can be the early sign of systemic spread and can show an initial response to therapy. Therefore, physicians should perform an exhaustive physical examination including that of skin

SREDNJI VOLUMEN TROMBOCITA: PREVIDJELI GLASNIK ZLOĆUDNIH ČVOROVA ŠTITNJAČE

Physicians and surgeons pay much attention to evaluating thyroid nodules due to the malignant potential of these growths. Inflammation has a crucial role in the development of cancer. Increase in the mean platelet volume (MPV) has been described in various inflammatory conditions. Since some of thyroid nodules are malignant, we aimed to compare MPV values between patients with malignant and benign thyroid nodules after precise pathologic diagnosis. We retrospectively analyzed hemograms of patients having undergone thyroid surgery for thyroid nodule between January 2013 and January 2015, and compared them to those recorded in healthy subjects. MPV was higher in the malignant thyroid nodule group than in the benign nodule group (9.1±1 fL vs. 7.8±0.8 fL). The difference was statistically significant (p<0.001). Increased MPV should be considered as an assistive diagnostic tool in differentiating malignant and benign thyroid nodules. However, further prospective studies are required to confirm its usefulness in this population.Liječnici i kirurzi pridaju veliku pozornost procjeni čvorova štitne žlijezde zbog malignog potencijala ovih novotvorina. Upala ima ključnu ulogu u razvoju raka. Povećani srednji volumen trombocita (mean platelet volume, MPV) opisuje se u raznim upalnim stanjima. Kako su neki od čvorova štitne žlijezde zloćudni cilj nam je bio usporediti vrijednosti MPV između bolesnika sa zloćudnim i dobroćudnim čvorovima štitnjače nakon precizne patološke dijagnoze. Retrospektivno su analizirani hemogrami bolesnika podvrgnutih operaciji štitne žlijezde zbog čvorova od siječnja 2013. do siječnja 2015. godine te uspoređeni s vrijednostima dobivenim u zdravih osoba. MPV je bio viši u skupini zloćudnih tireoidnih čvorova nego u skupini dobroćudnih čvorova (9,1±1 fL prema 7,8±0,8 fL), a razlika je bila statistički značajna (p<0,001). Povišeni MPV može se smatrati pomoćnim dijagnostičkim alatom u razlikovanju zloćudnih i dobroćudnih čvorova štitnjače. Međutim, potrebna su daljnja istraživanja kako bi se potvrdila njegova korist kod ove populacije

PT-symmetric Solutions of Schrodinger Equation with position-dependent mass via Point Canonical Transformation

PT-symmetric solutions of Schrodinger equation are obtained for the Scarf and generalized harmonic oscillator potentials with the position-dependent mass. A general point canonical transformation is applied by using a free parameter. Three different forms of mass distributions are used. A set of the energy eigenvalues of the bound states and corresponding wave functions for target potentials are obtained as a function of the free parameter.Comment: 13 page

A MSFD complementary approach for the assessment of pressures, knowledge and data gaps in Southern European Seas : the PERSEUS experience

PERSEUS project aims to identify the most relevant pressures exerted on the ecosystems of the Southern European Seas (SES), highlighting knowledge and data gaps that endanger the achievement of SES Good Environmental Status (GES) as mandated by the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD). A complementary approach has been adopted, by a meta-analysis of existing literature on pressure/impact/knowledge gaps summarized in tables related to the MSFD descriptors, discriminating open waters from coastal areas. A comparative assessment of the Initial Assessments (IAs) for five SES countries has been also independently performed. The comparison between meta-analysis results and IAs shows similarities for coastal areas only. Major knowledge gaps have been detected for the biodiversity, marine food web, marine litter and underwater noise descriptors. The meta-analysis also allowed the identification of additional research themes targeting research topics that are requested to the achievement of GES. 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license.peer-reviewe