STATE GENERAL REVENUES AND EXPENDITURES IN FLORIDA

Public Economics,

Regional Economic Impacts of Florida's Agricultural and Natural Resource Industries

The state of Florida has large industries producing fruits and vegetables, sugar, livestock, dairy and meat products, seafood, ornamental plants, forest products, phosphate rock, and an array of associated industries that provide supporting inputs and services, and conduct processing and manufacturing. There are distinct differences in the regional distribution of Florida's agricultural and natural resource industries. Economic characteristics and impacts were evaluated for the state of Florida and for eight separate regions of Florida. Each region is comprised of a core metropolitan area and a number of surrounding counties, as defined by the US Commerce Department, Bureau of Economic Analysis, based on employee commuting patterns and other factors. The Implan input-output analysis and social accounting software and associated databases for Florida counties were used to create economic models for each region and to estimate the total economic impacts of over 100 industry sectors in agriculture, natural resource and associated value-added manufacturing. Statewide economic impacts in the year 2000, expressed in year 2002 dollars, included industry output (sales) of $35.2 billion (Bn), with sales to markets outside the state (export shipments) of$19.4Bn, personal and business net income (value added) of $14.8Bn, and employment of 338,253 persons. The value added represented 3.1 percent of Florida's gross regional product. When the multiplier effects of export final demand on interindustry purchases and employee household spending are considered, the total economic impacts were estimated at$62.0Bn in output, $31.0Bn in value added, and 648,550 jobs. Regionally, total value added impacts of the agriculture and natural resource industries were greatest in the Orlando area ($4.31Bn), followed by Miami-Ft. Lauderdale ($3.61Bn), Tampa-St. Petersburg- Clearwater ($2.20Bn), Jacksonville ($1.47Bn), Sarasota-Bradenton ($1.10Bn), Tallahassee ($782 million), Ft. Myers-Cape Coral ($701 million), and Pensacola ($597 million). The largest industry groups in terms of total value added impacts were fruits and vegetables ($2.9Bn), environmental horticulture ($2.8Bn), forest products ($2.0Bn), agricultural inputs and services ($1.4Bn), and other food and fiber manufacturing ($1.7Bn), with lesser impacts for dairy products, field crops, livestock and meat products, mining, seafood products, sugar and confectionary products, and tobacco products. The total value added impact was $1,929 per capita, and the total employment impact was 40 jobs per 1000 residents. Economic impacts per capita and share of gross regional product indicated that the agriculture and natural resource industries were relatively more important in the Sarasota-Bradenton, Orlando, Jacksonville, and Tallahassee regions than for the state as a whole.Florida, agriculture and natural resource industries, economic impact, functional economic region, output, value added, employment, input-output models, multiplier, Implan, Agribusiness, Public Economics, Resource /Energy Economics and Policy,

Inhibition of Soluble Tumor Necrosis Factor Ameliorates Synaptic Alterations and Ca2+ Dysregulation in Aged Rats

The role of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF) in neural function has been investigated extensively in several neurodegenerative conditions, but rarely in brain aging, where cognitive and physiologic changes are milder and more variable. Here, we show that protein levels for TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1) are significantly elevated in the hippocampus relative to TNF receptor 2 (TNFR2) in aged (22 months) but not young adult (6 months) Fischer 344 rats. To determine if altered TNF/TNFR1 interactions contribute to key brain aging biomarkers, aged rats received chronic (4–6 week) intracranial infusions of XPro1595: a soluble dominant negative TNF that preferentially inhibits TNFR1 signaling. Aged rats treated with XPro1595 showed improved Morris Water Maze performance, reduced microglial activation, reduced susceptibility to hippocampal long-term depression, increased protein levels for the GluR1 type glutamate receptor, and lower L-type voltage sensitive Ca2+ channel (VSCC) activity in hippocampal CA1 neurons. The results suggest that diverse functional changes associated with brain aging may arise, in part, from selective alterations in TNF signaling

Electrochemical Nanoprobes for Single-Cell Analysis

The measurement of key molecules in individual cells with minimal disruption to the biological milieu is the next frontier in single-cell analyses. Nanoscale devices are ideal analytical tools because of their small size and their potential for high spatial and temporal resolution recordings. Here, we report the fabrication of disk-shaped carbon nanoelectrodes whose radius can be precisely tuned within the range 5–200 nm. The functionalization of the nanoelectrode with platinum allowed the monitoring of oxygen consumption outside and inside a brain slice. Furthermore, we show that nanoelectrodes of this type can be used to impale individual cells to perform electrochemical measurements within the cell with minimal disruption to cell function. These nanoelectrodes can be fabricated combined with scanning ion conductance microscopy probes, which should allow high resolution electrochemical mapping of species on or in living cells

Regional Economic Impacts of Florida's Agricultural and Natural Resource Industries

The state of Florida has large industries producing fruits and vegetables, sugar, livestock, dairy and meat products, seafood, ornamental plants, forest products, phosphate rock, and an array of associated industries that provide supporting inputs and services, and conduct processing and manufacturing. There are distinct differences in the regional distribution of Florida's agricultural and natural resource industries. Economic characteristics and impacts were evaluated for the state of Florida and for eight separate regions of Florida. Each region is comprised of a core metropolitan area and a number of surrounding counties, as defined by the US Commerce Department, Bureau of Economic Analysis, based on employee commuting patterns and other factors. The Implan input-output analysis and social accounting software and associated databases for Florida counties were used to create economic models for each region and to estimate the total economic impacts of over 100 industry sectors in agriculture, natural resource and associated value-added manufacturing. Statewide economic impacts in the year 2000, expressed in year 2002 dollars, included industry output (sales) of $35.2 billion (Bn), with sales to markets outside the state (export shipments) of$19.4Bn, personal and business net income (value added) of $14.8Bn, and employment of 338,253 persons. The value added represented 3.1 percent of Florida's gross regional product. When the multiplier effects of export final demand on interindustry purchases and employee household spending are considered, the total economic impacts were estimated at$62.0Bn in output, $31.0Bn in value added, and 648,550 jobs. Regionally, total value added impacts of the agriculture and natural resource industries were greatest in the Orlando area ($4.31Bn), followed by Miami-Ft. Lauderdale ($3.61Bn), Tampa-St. Petersburg- Clearwater ($2.20Bn), Jacksonville ($1.47Bn), Sarasota-Bradenton ($1.10Bn), Tallahassee ($782 million), Ft. Myers-Cape Coral ($701 million), and Pensacola ($597 million). The largest industry groups in terms of total value added impacts were fruits and vegetables ($2.9Bn), environmental horticulture ($2.8Bn), forest products ($2.0Bn), agricultural inputs and services ($1.4Bn), and other food and fiber manufacturing ($1.7Bn), with lesser impacts for dairy products, field crops, livestock and meat products, mining, seafood products, sugar and confectionary products, and tobacco products. The total value added impact was $1,929 per capita, and the total employment impact was 40 jobs per 1000 residents. Economic impacts per capita and share of gross regional product indicated that the agriculture and natural resource industries were relatively more important in the Sarasota-Bradenton, Orlando, Jacksonville, and Tallahassee regions than for the state as a whole

Economic Impacts of Florida-s Agricultural and Natural Resource Industries

The state of Florida has a large complex of agricultural and natural resource industries which produce a wide array of food, fiber and mineral products, and associated services. Florida's subtropical climate and abundant water resources provide a comparative advantage for production of high-valued products such as citrus, sugar, vegetables, and ornamental plants. The state also is a leading producer of forest products, seafood, livestock and animal products, and phosphatic fertilizers. For many of these commodities, production is closely integrated with manufacturing and service activities. This report reviews the historical economic trends in Florida's agricultural and natural resource sectors and estimates their total economic impact using the IMPLAN input-output modeling system. Direct impacts of the agricultural and natural resource industries in 1997 included $31.4 billion (8) in industry output (sales),$18.28 in exports from the state, $12.38 in total value added, and 314,000 jobs. The direct employment and value added represented 3.9 percent and 3.3 percent of the entire Florida economy, respectively. Total impacts, reflecting the multiplier effects of exports, local final demand, intermediate demand of other industries, and personal consumption expenditures of industry employees, were estimated at$49.28 in industry output, $23.88 in valueadded, and 544,000 jobs. Results are detailed for 102 individual industry sectors and 11 major industry groups including fruits and vegetables, sugar and confectionary products, field crops, dairy products, livestock and meat products, forest products, seafood products, other food and tobacco products, ornamental plants and landscape services, agricultural inputs and services, and mining

Florida Agriculture and the Vegetable Industry

Florida ranked ninth in the U.S. in agricultural receipts for the year 2000, and ranked first or second in receipts for 12 of the nation's top 25 agricultural commodities. Ten of these twelve leading agricultural commodities were fresh fruits or vegetables, and combined, they represented over 45 percent of the state's agricultural receipts in 2000. Despite Florida's preeminent standing as a producer of fresh fruits and vegetables, it's future leadership in this industry is less clear. In real terms, Florida's annual agricultural receipts have declined from $7.41 billion in 1992, to$6.42 billion in 2001. In 2000, receipts fell by over $521 million, the sharpest one-year drop since 1990. The overall trend in fresh vegetable receipts for the State has been downward since 1992 and receipts for fresh tomatoes, the state's most important fresh vegetable, fell by almost half over the same period. With nearly 90 percent of its receipts from fresh vegetables coming from out-of-state sales, it is estimated that the vegetable industry generated a total economic output impact of$3.14 billion for the state in 2001. Changes in agricultural policy or market conditions can and will continue to have a significant impact on Florida's economy. Given that the bulk of many fresh vegetables are produced within a handful of counties within the state, even minor changes in policy or market prices can result in dramatic consequences for local producers and the economies of individual counties

Florida Agriculture and the Vegetable Industry

Florida ranked ninth in the U.S. in agricultural receipts for the year 2000, and ranked first or second in receipts for 12 of the nation's top 25 agricultural commodities. Ten of these twelve leading agricultural commodities were fresh fruits or vegetables, and combined, they represented over 45 percent of the state's agricultural receipts in 2000. Despite Florida's preeminent standing as a producer of fresh fruits and vegetables, it's future leadership in this industry is less clear. In real terms, Florida's annual agricultural receipts have declined from $7.41 billion in 1992, to$6.42 billion in 2001. In 2000, receipts fell by over $521 million, the sharpest one-year drop since 1990. The overall trend in fresh vegetable receipts for the State has been downward since 1992 and receipts for fresh tomatoes, the state's most important fresh vegetable, fell by almost half over the same period. With nearly 90 percent of its receipts from fresh vegetables coming from out-of-state sales, it is estimated that the vegetable industry generated a total economic output impact of$3.14 billion for the state in 2001. Changes in agricultural policy or market conditions can and will continue to have a significant impact on Florida's economy. Given that the bulk of many fresh vegetables are produced within a handful of counties within the state, even minor changes in policy or market prices can result in dramatic consequences for local producers and the economies of individual counties.Florida, agriculture, vegetable, fruit, tomato, industry, economic, performance, Crop Production/Industries,