Consumo de tabaco, alcohol y cannabis en adolescentes Castellano-Manchegos

El objetivo del presente trabajo es conocer la prevalencia del consumo de drogas (tabaco, alcohol y cannabis) en adolescentes de la Comunidad Autónoma de Castilla-La Mancha. Para ello, se confeccionó un cuestionario ad hoc a través del cual se midieron los consumos de tabaco, alcohol y cannabis, así como diferentes variables de personalidad, escolares, familiares, cognitivas, de ocupación del tiempo libre, etc. La muestra está compuesta por 243 alumnos de 1º E.S.O. pertenecientes a cuatro colegios privados de la ciudad de Toledo. La media de edad es de 11,89 años y la distribución por sexos corresponde al 45,7% de chicos y al 54,3% de chicas. Nuestros resultados ponen de manifiesto que el tabaco y el alcohol son las dos sustancias psicoactivas que más consumen los escolares castellano-manchegos, si bien, el consumo de cannabis ha experimentado un importante incremento entre éstos. Del mismo modo, los datos avalan una vez más la existencia de un patrón de consumo que se caracteriza por llevarse a cabo principalmente durante los fines de semana y por centrarse en el consumo de licores y combinados. Sin embargo, hallamos que las edades señaladas por los sujetos de la muestra para su primer consumo tanto de tabaco, alcohol y cannabis, son muy inferiores a las manifestadas por distintos trabajos similares al nuestro. Por último con respecto al consumo por sexo, son los chicos los que presentan unas mayores tasas de consumo de tabaco y cannabis en comparación con sus iguales las chicas

A combinatorial method for the evaluation of yield of fault-tolerant systems-on-chip

In this paper we develop a combinatorial method for the evaluation of yield of fault-tolerant systems-on-chip. The method assumes that defects are produced according to a model in which defects are lethal and affect given components of the system following a distribution common to all defects. The distribution of the number of defects is arbitrary. The method is based on the formulation of the yield as 1 minus the probability that a given boolean function with multiple-valued variables has value 1. That probability is computed by analyzing a ROMDD (reduced ordered multiple-valuedecision diagram) representation of the function. For efficiency reasons, we first build a coded ROBDD (reduced ordered binary decision diagram) representation of the function and then transform that coded ROBDD into the ROMDD required by the method. We present numerical experiments showing that the method is able to cope with quite large systems in moderate CPU times.Postprint (published version

Depresión en la vejez : evaluación, variables implicadas y relación con el deterioro cognitivo

Se ha evaluado la depresión y el deterioro cognltlvo en una muestra de ancianos con una un conjunto de pruebas que incluye tests neuropslcológicos, la escala de depresión del Cenins de Estudios Epidemiológicos (CES-D) y la que utiliza los criterios del DSM-lll-R. Las dos escalas muestran un gran coincidencia en la evaluación de la depresión. La prevalencia de la depresión disminuye con la edad hasta los 80 años, momento en el que se invierte la tendencia, es mayor en las mujeres, en los que viven en una residencia y en los que tienen un nivel de estudios más bajo. A partir de los 80 años aumenta el diagnóstico conjunto depresión-demencia y la probabilidad de confusión en el mismo, sobre todo en los sujetos con un nivel de estudios bajo, por lo que se apunta la necesidad de que en los estudios sobre la depresión en la vejez se incluyan pruebas neuropsicológicas, especialmente de recuerdo demorado, fluidez verbal, memoria lógica y metamemoria, para diferenciar ambos estados

The Importance of Measuring Local Governments’ Information Disclosure: Comparing Transparency Indices in Spain

Transparency is considered a key element for developing a reliable government; it is the ability that all public entities have to provide access to all their information. The main objective of this work is to test the differences in the transparency of municipalities between the main indices and a new index made following the regulatory advances in this area at the national level. Called BTI, this new index aims to measure in the best possible way the degree of compliance of Spanish municipalities, through two dimensions (depth and breadth), which measure the quality and the quantity of the information. This work makes a comparison of the BTI with three of the main existing transparency indexes in Spain, to a sample of Spanish provincial capitals. The results obtained reveal clear differences between the indices, where three of the four indices analyzed show that most municipalities only fulfil the Transparency Act at the minimum level, with only a few municipalities reaching the maximum rating range. This work concludes that the BTI index is more demanding than the rest of the indexes. However, ITA stands out with a higher average score than the rest, which indicates that transparency portals are designed to obtain a good score in this index, being less objective. Finally, this paper remembers the importance of having an objective tool to measure transparency, as it can show notable differences with respect to reality.Ministry of Science, ICT & Future Planning, Republic of Korea PID2021-128713OB-I00 P20_0060

The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs. Two temperate Earth-mass planet candidates around Teegarden’s Star

Context.Teegarden’s Star is the brightest and one of the nearest ultra-cool dwarfs in the solar neighbourhood. For its late spectral type (M7.0 V),the star shows relatively little activity and is a prime target for near-infrared radial velocity surveys such as CARMENES.Aims.As part of the CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs, we obtained more than 200 radial-velocity measurements of Teegarden’sStar and analysed them for planetary signals.Methods.We find periodic variability in the radial velocities of Teegarden’s Star. We also studied photometric measurements to rule out stellarbrightness variations mimicking planetary signals.Results.We find evidence for two planet candidates, each with 1.1M⊕minimum mass, orbiting at periods of 4.91 and 11.4 d, respectively. Noevidence for planetary transits could be found in archival and follow-up photometry. Small photometric variability is suggestive of slow rotationand old age.Conclusions.The two planets are among the lowest-mass planets discovered so far, and they are the first Earth-mass planets around an ultra-cooldwarf for which the masses have been determined using radial velocities.We thank the referee Rodrigo Díaz for a careful review andhelpful comments. M.Z. acknowledges support from the Deutsche Forschungs-gemeinschaft under DFG RE 1664/12-1 and Research Unit FOR2544 “BluePlanets around Red Stars”, project no. RE 1664/14-1. CARMENES isan instrument for the Centro Astronómico Hispano-Alemán de Calar Alto(CAHA, Almería, Spain). CARMENES is funded by the German Max-Planck-Gesellschaft (MPG), the Spanish Consejo Superior de InvestigacionesCientíficas (CSIC), the European Union through FEDER/ERF FICTS-2011-02 funds, and the members of the CARMENES Consortium (Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie, Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía, LandessternwarteKönigstuhl, Institut de Ciències de l’Espai, Institut für Astrophysik Göttingen,Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Thüringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg,Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, Hamburger Sternwarte, Centro de Astro-biología and Centro Astronómico Hispano-Alemán), with additional contribu-tions by the Spanish Ministry of Economy, the German Science Foundationthrough the Major Research Instrumentation Programme and DFG ResearchUnit FOR2544 “Blue Planets around Red Stars”, the Klaus Tschira Stiftung, thestates of Baden-Württemberg and Niedersachsen, and by the Junta de Andalucía.Based on data from the CARMENES data archive at CAB (INTA-CSIC). Thisarticle is based on observations made with the MuSCAT2 instrument, devel-oped by ABC, at Telescopio Carlos Sánchez operated on the island of Tener-ife by the IAC in the Spanish Observatorio del Teide. Data were partly col-lected with the 150-cm and 90-cm telescopes at the Sierra Nevada Observa-tory (SNO) operated by the Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA-CSIC).Data were partly obtained with the MONET/South telescope of the MOnitoringNEtwork of Telescopes, funded by the Alfried Krupp von Bohlen und HalbachFoundation, Essen, and operated by the Georg-August-Universität Göttingen,the McDonald Observatory of the University of Texas at Austin, and the SouthAfrican Astronomical Observatory. We acknowledge financial support from theSpanish Agencia Estatal de Investigación of the Ministerio de Ciencia, Inno-vación y Universidades and the European FEDER/ERF funds through projectsAYA2015-69350-C3-2-P, AYA2016-79425-C3-1/2/3-P, AYA2018-84089, BES-2017-080769, BES-2017-082610, ESP2015-65712-C5-5-R, ESP2016-80435-C2-1/2-R, ESP2017-87143-R, ESP2017-87676-2-2, ESP2017-87676-C5-1/2/5-R, FPU15/01476, RYC-2012-09913, the Centre of Excellence ”Severo Ochoa”and ”María de Maeztu” awards to the Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (SEV-2015-0548), Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (SEV-2017-0709), and Cen-tro de Astrobiología (MDM-2017-0737), the Generalitat de Catalunya throughCERCA programme”, the Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt throughgrants 50OW0204 and 50OO1501, the European Research Council through grant694513, the Italian Ministero dell’instruzione, dell’università de della ricerca andUniversità degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata through FFABR 2017 and “Mis-sion: Sustainability 2016”, the UK Science and Technology Facilities Council through grant ST/P000592/1, the Israel Science Foundation through grant848/16, the Chilean CONICYT-FONDECYT through grant 3180405, the Mexi-can CONACYT through grant CVU 448248, the JSPS KAKENHI through grantsJP18H01265 and 18H05439, and the JST PRESTO through grant JPMJPR1775

EstuPlan: Methodology for the development of creativity in the resolution of scientific and social problems

[EN] Creative thinking is necessary to generate novel ideas and solve problems. "EstuPlan" is a methodology in which knowledge and creativity converge for the resolution of scientific problems with social projection. It is a training programme that integrates teachers, laboratory technicians and PhD students, master and undergraduate students which form working groups for the development of projects. Projects have a broad and essential scope and projection in terms of environmental problems, sustainable use of natural resources, food, health, biotechnology or biomedicine. The results show the success of this significant learning methodology using tools to develop creativity in responding to scientific and social demand for problem-solving to transfer academic knowledge to different professional environments. Bioplastics, Second Life of Coffee, LimBio, Algae oils, Ecomers, Caring for the life of your crop and Hate to Deforestate are currently being developed.Astudillo Calderón, S.; De Díez De La Torre, L.; García Companys, M.; Ortega Pérez, N.; Rodríguez Martínez, V.; Alzahrani, S.; Alonso Valenzuela, R.... (2019). EstuPlan: Methodology for the development of creativity in the resolution of scientific and social problems. En HEAD'19. 5th International Conference on Higher Education Advances. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 711-717. https://doi.org/10.4995/HEAD19.2019.9205OCS71171

Ensayos : revista de la Escuela Universitaria de Formación del Profesorado de Albacete

Resumen basado en el de la publicaciónSe presenta la preocupación mas importante de Urbano González Serrano en su contacto con los modernos estudios sociológicos que proliferan a finales del siglo XIX. Esta se centra en reivindicar el papel del hombre, individual y social, como sujeto agente de su propio progreso y destino a partir de una equilibrada relación entre necesidad y libertad, equilibrio que el primer positivismo rompe a favor de la necesidad cuando afirma que las leyes de la naturaleza se cumplen inflexiblemente en el organismo social; y que el idealismo también rompe al proponer un fin preconcebido como modelo y meta de las acciones humanas. A su vez, se aporta la visión de González Serrano sobre la sociología científica.ES