Sulle interferenze linguistiche: il ruolo dello spagnolo L2 come fattore di complessità nell’apprendimento del portoghese L3

Il lavoro, basato sull'esame di una banca dati di documenti didattici relativi agli esami di lingua portoghese presso l'Università di Pisa, si propone di individuare e riflettere sui vari tipi di interferenze causate dalla conoscenza dello spagnolo in allievi che si avvicinano per la prima volta al portoghese

Tópicos de ontem, tópicos de hoje: o tratamento da mesóclise e do infinitivo pessoal nas gramáticas de português para italianos (sécs. XIX)

The current practice of didactics of the Portuguese language reveals how the Italian student finds special learning difficulties in some areas where Portuguese diverges greatly from Italian. Among these areas, the infinitivo pessoal and the mesóclise or tmesi stand out, peculiarities of the Portuguese language absent in the language of Dante. This article intends to adopt a diachronic perspective, proposing a journey through the first grammars from Portuguese to Italians, published in the nineteenth century, choosing as terminus ad quem the First World War. The questions to which this article will try to give an answer are three: 1) can the grammars of this first period give said difficulties an effective answer from a didactic point of view? 2) with the variability of the nature of grammars also varies the awareness that certain aspects of the Portuguese language represent a special and specific degree of difficulty for the Italian student? 3) Does the way these difficulties are made explicit or analysed also vary? From the answer to these questions depends on the possibility of understanding and evaluating to what extent the teaching methods of Portuguese for Italian speakers took account, already in XIXº century, the specificities of the learner and had as objective to obtain an advanced and exhaustive linguistic competence

Translation as Import Substitution: The Portuguese Version of Véron de Forbonnais's Elémens du commerce

This paper studies the context and textual structure of the Portuguese translation of Forbonnais's Elémens du commerce (1754). This analysis is instrumental to understanding the place of this translation in the Portuguese discourse on trade, colonies and political economy in the age of Pombal. The translation of Forbonnais was one of the few to be published in Portugal in the eighteenth century. So, why the Elémens? This paper answers this question by profiling the translator, a key figure in the nomenklatura created by Pombal to promote his commercial and colonial policies. This translation aimed at providing a theoretical background for Pombal's actions to defend Portuguese specialised agriculture against thexploitation of British traders, to substitute imported manufactures with local production, and to put colonial trade under national control. The paper also studies the contemporary debate on translation and its method in order to understand the reasons that led the translator to adopt a ‘paraphrastic style’, a choice that equated translation with a nationalistic politico-economic act, consisting in importing alien contents as ‘raw materials’ and ‘reselling’ them rephrased in what was considered the most ancient and perfect neo-Latin language. In this way, this paper also contributes to the history of translation in the Lusophone area

The Portuguese exiles in Paris From Revolution to Vintismo. Political economy, linguistics, and the modernization of Portuguese politics

The paper studies the community of Portuguese intellectuals who emigrated to Paris in the first half of the 19th century mostly for political reasons. The intense journalistic and editorial activity of this group, in addition to being a primary source of livelihood for many, was inspired by a precise – and somewhat multifaceted – objective: to act as a mediator between European scientific and political culture and Portuguese culture in order to channel national politics and public opinion in a liberal and constitutional direction and to foster Portugal’s economic and social modernization through free trade and technical and scientific progress. The Portuguese language was also to be modernized, setting aside the old ideology of its primacy among the Romance languages and instead accepting contact and hybridization with the languages of the more advanced European countries, from which the main innovations and new ideas in the political and economic spheres emanated. Conversely, the Portuguese exiles aimed to make the French and European public discover the Portuguese language and great cultural and literary tradition from the age of the great discoveries to the Enlightenment, bringing them back to the heart of European culture. Focusing on this complex pattern helps explain why the two fields in which the group’s intellectual production was concentrated were politics and political economy, on the one hand, and grammarography, lexicography and literary popularization, on the other. The paper devotes ample space to reconstructing the publishing ventures of Portuguese intellectuals who animated the cultural life of the French capital

The Grammatica da Lingua Italiana para os Portuguezes by Antonio Prefumo: between the traditional and the conversational method

Within the Italian FL grammatical tradition, the 19th century is a very fruitful period. In other contributions, we have highlighted how several Portuguese and Italian figures connected to the circle of the S. Carlos Theatre in Lisbon act as preceptors and compose some grammars, which contain a strong normative part and, at the same time, connect themselves to the conversational tradition: among these works, the Grammatica da Lingua Italiana para os Portuguezes by Antonio Prefumo (Lisbon, 1829) plays a central role, as it goes through four editions over almost forty years. The paper analyses the social and intellectual context of production of this text, besides outlining the author's profile and providing a philological reconstruction of the sources and models adopted. Furthermore, the paper attempts an analysis of the Grammatica that, on the one hand, highlights both the heritage of the vernacular and Enlightenment grammatical traditions and its innovative aspects and, on the other hand, compares the various editions through the study of their macro-textual areas. The methodology underlying our description follows that proposed by Swiggers (2006, 168) being based on four aspects: the analysis of the author, the audience, the subject described and its form. This approach places the author at the centre of a historical conjuncture in which the traditional grammatical method was associated with that of conversation, responding to the demand of an audience that increasingly approached the study of FL for practical reasons, rather than to meet the traditional educational demands of the upper classes

Tradução, patriotismo e a economia política de Portugal Imperial na época Pombalina: as traduções de Les Aventures de Télémaque e dos Élémens du commerce

Este artigo oferece um estudo de duas traduções publicadas em 1765-1766 pelo mesmo autor, José Manuel Ribeiro Pereira, um pouco antes de ser nomeado secretário da Junta de Administração da Companhia Geral do Grão Pará e Maranhão, uma das empresas privilegiadas de comércio que tinha sido estabelecida pelo Marquês de Pombal em 1755. Os textos que Pereira traduziu foram Les Aventures de Télémaque, de Fénelon, um romance épico cheio de advertências políticas e econômicas, e Élémens du commerce, de Véron de Forbonnais. Em um país e uma época em que a maioria da discussão sobre economia política era um assunto privado ou da corte, essas traduções contribuíram com o debate público sobre as reformas econômicas introduzidas por Pombal no momento crucial em que, após a Guerra dos Sete Anos (1756- 1763), a aliança reforçada com a Grã-Bretanha e uma mudança signi cativa em seus interesses comerciais pareciam exigir uma reformulação das estratégias comerciais e industriais portuguesas. A segunda edição das traduções de Télémaque, publicada por Pereira em 1784-1785, fez parte de uma segunda onda de debate público sobre a economia política, dessa vez conectada à questão fundamental do futuro das instituições criadas por Pombal, após sua demissão em 1777. Curiosamente, o paratexto das traduções de Pereira abre uma janela sobre o debate da época sobre os objetivos e métodos de tradução, revelando a natureza política e patriótica dessa atividade e seu isomor smo ideológico com as políticas comerciais pombalinas.The paper offers a study of two translations published in 1765-1766 by the same author, José Manuel Ribeiro Pereira, just before being appointed secretary of the Junta da Administração of the Companhia Geral do Grão Pará, e Maranhão, one of the chartered trade companies that had been established by the Marquis of Pombal in 1755. The texts that Pereira translated were Fénelon’s Les Aventures de Télémaque, an epic novel full of political and economic admonitions, and Véron de Forbonnais’s Élémens du commerce. In a country and at a time in which most of the discussion on political economy was private or an affair of the court, these translations contributed to a public debate on the economic reforms introduced by Pombal at the crucial moment in which, after the Seven Years War (1756-1763), the reinforced alliance with Great Britain and a signi cant change in her commercial interests seemed to call for a reformulation of Portuguese commercial and industrial strategies. The second edition of the translations of Télémaque, published by Pereira in 1784-1785, was part and parcel of a second wave of public debate on political economy, this time connected to the fundamental question of the future of the institutions created by Pombal, after his dismissal in 1777. Interestingly, the paratext of Pereira’s translations open a window on the current debate on translation aims and methods, revealing the political and patriotic nature of this activity and its ideological isomorphism with the Pombaline commercial policies

Convergenze, imitazioni, adattamenti. Oltre la soglia delle traduzioni portoghesi delle Aventures de Télémaque di Fénelon

Il presente lavoro compie invece una prima esplorazione delle opere derivate in lingua portoghese – imitazioni, adattamenti, compendi – o che, pur senza esserlo inizialmente, vennero accostate alle traduzioni portoghesi delle Aventures de Télémaque, inserendosi nella scia del loro straordinario successo, qui come in tutta Europa tra Sette e Ottocento

The Portuguese exiles in Paris From Revolution to Vintismo. Political economy, linguistics, and the modernization of Portuguese politics

The paper studies the community of Portuguese intellectuals who emigrated to Paris in the first half of the 19th century mostly for political reasons. The intense journalistic and editorial activity of this group, in addition to being a primary source of livelihood for many, was inspired by a precise – and somewhat multifaceted – objective: to act as a mediator between European scientific and political culture and Portuguese culture in order to channel national politics and public opinion in a liberal and constitutional direction and to foster Portugal’s economic and social modernization through free trade and technical and scientific progress. The Portuguese language was also to be modernized, setting aside the old ideology of its primacy among the Romance languages and instead accepting contact and hybridization with the languages of the more advanced European countries, from which the main innovations and new ideas in the political and economic spheres emanated. Conversely, the Portuguese exiles aimed to make the French and European public discover the Portuguese language and great cultural and literary tradition from the age of the great discoveries to the Enlightenment, bringing them back to the heart of European culture. Focusing on this complex pattern helps explain why the two fields in which the group’s intellectual production was concentrated were politics and political economy, on the one hand, and grammarography, lexicography and literary popularization, on the other. The paper devotes ample space to reconstructing the publishing ventures of Portuguese intellectuals who animated the cultural life of the French capital