A Confession of Female Smokers in Medan about Their Smoking Habit (Cigarette and Chewing Tobacco): A Preliminary Study

Indonesia is the country with the highest number of smokers in ASEAN, with 65.19 million people. Equivalent is 34% of the total population of Indonesia in 2016. As 2545 women smoke, they smoke in various types, such as cigarettes, chewing tobacco, and vape (SDKI, 2018). Smoking prevalence among women is lower than that for men in most countries, but the rate is increasing rapidly from 4.2 percent to 6.7 percent in 2010-2013 (Riskesdas,2013).This research used qualitative approach. Semi-structured interviews were held with 47 individuals from Medan city. A purposive sample was used who self-identified as female smokers in the past 30-days. Most of the participants who volunteered to take part in the study were over 25 years old. Tobacco users are divided into two focal categories which are cigarette smokers and chewing tobacco addicts, 31 reported as cigarette smokers, and 16 were reported having a chewing tobacco habit. Researches categorized cigarette users or smokers as CU and chewing tobacco users as CTU. The analysis of transcripts from the interviews revealed five main themes: 1) Personal problem lead to smoking (CU) 2) School friends’ influences initiate the habit (CU) 3)  Family tradition originate the chewing tobacco habit (CTU) 4) Prevent egoistic status from the tribe (CTU) and 5) Intent and struggle to quit but unsuccessful for CU but not CTU. Acclimatizing health promotion awareness and activities shall be concentrate on such as oral health, quit smoking and chewing tobacco program as well as motivational improvement approach to quit the smokin

Quality of life of cervical cancer patients

ABSTRACT Cervical cancer is known as the highest cause of death after breast cancer. It is gynecological cancer contributing to the top cause of death in women. Sexual and reproductive issues can reduce the quality of life of women with cervical cancer. WHO defines the quality of life as an individual's perception in the cultural context and value system in which the individual experiences and is related to their goals, expectations, standards, and affairs. It gives the concept of an individual's physical health, psychological conditions, one's beliefs, social relationships, and one's involvement with something meaningful in their environment. This article will explain the definition, symptoms, and staging of cervical cancer, the definition of the quality of life, the meaning of excellence for the cervical cancer patient, and the facts that affect the quality of life.  Keywords           : quality of life, cervical cancer, reproductive organ cancerCorrespondence  : [email protected]

Medication Adherence Analysis of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients

Adherence has an important role in therapy management in patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. This research is to identify and analyze factors related to medication adherence. The design used in this study was a descriptive-analytic design with a cross-sectional approach. The population is type 2 Diabetes Mellitus sufferers of Prolanis Group in Primary Health Care Facilities in the Ponorogo Regency. A sample of 180 respondents was taken by purposive sampling technique. Variable X includes age, gender, education, occupation, income, and length of suffering. Variable Y was medication compliance with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients. Data collection used a Morisky Medication Adherence (MMAS-8) questionnaire and was analyzed using the Chi-Square test with a significant level of α <0.05. From the results of the study, it was found that the factors of age, sex, education, employment, income and duration of suffering had a significant relationship with medication adherence for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. It is expected that health services develop family and community-based service management. Researchers are further advised to develop programs to improve medication adherence